| 释义 |
unkedadj.  Brit.  /ˈʌŋkət/, /ˈʌnkət/, U.S. /ˈəŋkəd/, /ˈəŋkət/, Irish English /ˈʌŋkət/, /ˈʌnkət/Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: un- prefix1, English kid , kud , ked , kithe v. Etymology: < un- prefix1 + kid, kud, ked, past participles of kithe v. (compare forms at that entry). Compare unketh adj. Compare also unco adj., unquod adj., and earlier uncouth adj.The word was originally stressed on the second syllable (compare e.g. the rhyme in quot. c1380 at sense 1a); Middle English variation in the vowel of the base (see α. , β. , and γ. forms) reflects dialectal variation (compare forms and discussion at kithe v.). Later spelling variation often simply shows differing representations of an unstressed vowel. The δ. forms reflect folk-etymological remodelling after awkward adv., which in regional varieties of English is often pronounced without the medial w (compare forms in -kard, -kerd, etc., cited at that entry). Now rare (chiefly English regional in later use). 1. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective] c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 3543 (MED) Seoððen her com vncud [c1300 Otho oncuþ] folc faren in þessere þeode & nemneden þa burh Lundin. a1325 (?c1300) (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 1450 Also þei ledden him in þe strete, An vnked [a1425 Cambr. Gg.5.31 vnkynd, c1450 BL Add. vncouthe] man con þei mete. c1380 (1879) l. 4373 (MED) Hure swerdes durnely so ben y-hid, & ase Marchans þat wern ounkyd, So þey wentte hure waye. c1430 N. Love (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 120 (MED) Marie Mawdeleyne..wipynge his fete with hir here..anoynted hem with a precious oynement..And so al that tyme he cesed of etynge, and also with hym alle the gestes, wonderynge of the womman and of that vnkede dede. c1480 (a1400) St. Eugenia 90 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) II. 126 Oure treutht to þaim wes vnkid. ?a1500 (a1471) Brut (Lyell) in J. S. Davies (1856) 2 Not onli for deuocion, but also forto se the newe and unkid solennite. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives i. xiii. sig. P.iiij The women were taken with an vnked kynde of francy. 1583 W. Staughton 70 A phisition..must not minister after any vnked maner, but [etc.]. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in II. 362 Unkard, strange; as an unkard place. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton III. ii. 16 He had given a glass of brandy and water to an unked looking gentleman, in a cloak, who was remarkably short. 1876 R. D. Blackmore I. vi. 66 That wonderful unkid thing about the Squire's daughter. 1890 A. Gissing II. 92 Us has some unkid villages hereabouts, up Winchcombe way however, but the population beunt such curious specimens as ye up the hills. 1903 E. W. Pugh iii. 16 She was an unked morsel of humanity. 1928 A. E. Pease 146/2 It'll be an ounkid job fer him. 1999 (Nexis) 30 Dec. 15 Mr Myers needn't be afeard that a fair chi of unket words do be used and understhoane in Foorth and Bargy to this daay. the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or awkward > through being unfamiliar 1609 C. Cotton tr. J. Calvin (xxxii. 9) 323/1 It should be vnked for those that had bin wont to be at their ease, to bee so rudely rouzed vp. 1633 C. Butler To Rdr. sig. *4 So powerfull is the tyrant custome..that..this little change..will seeme to some harsh and unked at the first. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in II. 362 A servant is unkard on his first going to a fresh servitude. 1810 S. Green I. 89 I, who never has handled a needle, will make but an unked kind of business of it. 1815 M. Pilkington I. 131 It is but an unked kind of way for a stranger to find. 1900 1 Jan. 4/2 It passes my understanding how your father can put up with such an unked kind of clerk. the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or awkward 1861 T. Hughes II. ii. 34 I hopes as you don't think I be any ways unked 'bout this here quire-singin'. 1870 ‘Ouida’ I. vi. 67 It would have been ‘unked’ to have begrudged her those little mirthful frivolities. the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being eerie > [adjective] 1574 J. Higgins (Authour's Induction) f. 3v Depe from his brethe, he threwe an vnked sounde. 1621 F. Quarles vi. sig. F3 Enuie did ope her Snake-deuouring Iawes, Foamd frothy blood, and bent her vnked Pawes. 1658 N. Billingsley vi. 36 His unked talents tare what he doth fly on. 1800 Feb. 107 [In Oxon.] every thing that is unfortunate, or unlucky, or not as it could be wished, is unked. 1864 C. Rossetti v By her hut..they would not pass at night, Lest they should hear an unked strain Or see an unked sight. 1896 G. F. Northall 254 The chaff-machine laid hold on his fingers, an' his hand's an unked sight. 1903 5 Sept. 342/1 'Tis an unked thing not to ha' a penny in your pockut. 1945 F. Thompson xv. 230 Parents would tell inquiring children all about the Gunpowder Plot and ‘that unked ole Guy Fawkes in his black mask’. 3. the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing 1620 T. Peyton 19 Where solitary in that vnked place, Christ Iesus shewd his glorious burnisht face. 1727 T. Hearne Diary 11 Nov. in (1914) IX. 369 W[hi]ch way (a strangely unked, solitary walk) I had never went..before. 1797 M. Robinson III. lxvi. 285 Naw-body would go by the road after dark, it wou'd be zo unkid. 1825 J. Jennings 148 Late at night a rawd along All droo a unket ood. 1854 A. E. Baker II. 408 A person would say of a house that stands alone in a dreary situation, ‘How unkid it looks, I should not like to live there.’ 1914 Dec. 1347 The morass is windless and close, the most unked place in the world. 1971 J. Aiken ii. 32 ‘I'm skeared,’ Frill said shivering. ‘This is an unket place.’ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] 1698 N. Whaley i. 12 Complain to the Winds and Fountains..of his unket and lonesome State. 1723 15 June 2577/2 Here being enough to prove a Drunkard, Need ne'er be sullen, dull, or unkard. 1745 H. Purefoy Let. 29 Jan. in G. Eland (1931) I. v. 119 The great Clock..still strikes one & twenty when it should strike ten & eleven. I hope you will..come..to alter this Clock, for the Town as well as ourselves are very unked as it is. 1760 C. Talbot Let. 8 May in (1808) I. 464 Mr. Okey gone to his apprenticeship, and I a little unkit for want of my scholar. 1790 W. Cowper 21 Mar. (1982) III. 360 Weston is sadly unke'd without you. 1854 A. E. Baker II. 369 Old people suffering from the loss of friends will frequently say they feel very unkid. 1884 ‘Town Mouse’ xxii. 190 The unked feeling caused by going to bed in daylight prevented my getting to sleep very easily. 1943 May 146/2 ‘There be a mort o' magic in these here woods if only you know'd it,’ he said. ‘I tells 'ee sometimes I feels a'most unked.’ 1949 E. Goudge iii. iv. 357 Sol, who had kept to his bed for the last fortnight, was unket and poorly this morning. Derivatives the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness 1727 N. Bailey II Unkardness, Solitariness, Loathsomeness. 1796 C. Smith I. 232 The unketness of the place. 1838 Lady Lyttelton (1873) 235 I..had a wretched unkedness of a morning at the Inn. 1905 VI. 313/2 [N. Yorks.] Ah felt a deal ov unkedness when ah went away. 1954 Winter 301 [Buckinghamshire] ‘Ain't it unkid (strange) 'n awful outern (without) t'childern?’ ‘Ay, but t'lissomness makes up for t'unkidness.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.c1275 |