undertakingn.

Etymology: < undertake v. + -ing suffix¹.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈundertaking.

(Also ˌunderˈtaking.)

†a. Enterprise, energy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > energy or enterprise

undertakingc1400

enterprisec1450

energy1793

dynamism1831

go-aheadism1838

get-up1841

go-ahead1843

go-aheadness1847

drive1859

get-up-and-get1865

get-up-and-go1871

get-there-ativeness1883

push-and-go1885

hustle1892

go-getting1919

go-gettingness1928

dynamicism1947

go-go-go1954

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 111 Þe Persiens & þe Turkeys..er right coraious men, and of gret vndertakynge.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 484 Bot he wes outrageous hardy, And of so hye vndirtaking [1489 Adv. wndretaking], That he neuir had none abasing Of multitude of men.

b. An action, work, etc., undertaken or attempted; an enterprise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > an undertaking

forec900

aprisec1320

exploitc1425

undertakingc1425

beginning1481

enterprise1548

apprinze1559

embracement1641

undertake1647

undertakement1678

sashay1900

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. 3138 Þat þai brocht sone till ending Be sum tressonable vndirtaking.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Suscettione, an enterprise, a taking of a thing in hand, an vndertaking.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 105 This is the very extacie of loue, Whose violent propertie..leades the will to desperat vndertakings .

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 3 Disastrous Periods have ended their Undertakings.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 12 He did not upon the Suddain comprehend the consequences, which would Naturally attend such a rash undertaking.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 148 The Farmer is to consider..the Cost and Charges of such a Stock: that so he may suit his Undertaking to his Purse.

1780 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett I. li. 196 I am engaged in a very unthrifty undertaking.

1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 8 In the preceding number I named the present under~taking an experiment.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 383 Not unfit preparatives for such extravagant under~takings.

1880 L. Stephen Alexander Pope iii. 62 Both sides took a pride in supporting the great literary undertaking which he [sc. Pope] had now announced.

c. The action of taking in hand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun]

enterprising1553

undertaking1583

undergoing1608

susception1610

underhanding1639

1583 C. Carleill in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 721 They, who..are well able to spare that which is required of eache one towardes the vndertakyng of this aduenture.

1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 108 The time of the yeare being as yet some~what troublesome, for the undertaking thereof, you will rather reserve it.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie Ep. Ded. 2 I sate downe, and waited for the undertaking of some abler pen.

d. spec. The business or occupation of a funeral undertaker. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > undertaker's work

undertaking1843

black work1859

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) v. 52 There's other businesses. Undertaking now. That's gloomy.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. ix. 95 So Pen..asked about the undertaking business and how many mutes went down with Lady Estrich's remains.

1862 Macmillan's Mag. June 150 In the way of business..nothing seems stirring, except it be the undertaking trade.

†2.

a. The action of lifting up; support. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [noun] > taking or lifting up

upbearinga1340

upniming1340

lifting up1362

undertaking1382

uptaking1495

extolling1558

lift1570

catching upa1629

uplifting1650

tollation1688

gathering1691

punt1854

heft1881

bunk-up1919

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cvii. 9 Myn is Manasses; and Effraym the vndertaking [L. susceptio] of myn hed.

†b. Reproof, rebuke. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun]

telingeOE

chastiment?c1225

snapinga1300

snibbinga1300

reproving?1316

undernimminga1325

correctiona1340

threapening1340

admonishingc1350

reproofa1375

scourgingc1374

correptionc1380

repreyningc1390

reprehensiona1413

undertakingc1430

rebuke?a1439

admonition1440

correptingc1449

rebut?c1450

reprehendingc1450

redargution1483

reproval1493

increpation1502

prisec1540

tasking1543

check1588

improof1590

snubbing1600

threap1636

compellation1656

reprovement1675

reprimanding1698

rowing1812

lecturing1861

carpeting1888

eldering1912

woodshedding1940

stick1956

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. iv. 3 Bi whiche cloumben wel swiftliche in to þilke citee þilke þat weren of hise folke,..with oute vndertakinge of any.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 461/2 Synbbynge, or vndyrtakynge, deprehencio.

3. A pledge or promise; a guarantee or surety.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance

wordOE

costOE

earnest1221

fayc1300

certainty1303

wager1306

plighta1325

pledge1371

assurancec1386

undertaking?a1400

faithc1405

surementc1410

to make affiancec1425

earnest pennya1438

warrant1460

trow1515

fidelity1531

stipulation1552

warranty1555

pawn1573

arrha1574

avouchment1574

assumption1590

word of honour1598

avouch1603

assecurance1616

preassurance1635

tower-stamp1642

parole of honour1648

spondence1657

honour1659

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3187 Of this vndyrtakynge ostage are comyne.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi i. v. 21/1 All who dare not submit their Children to be Baptized by the Undertaking of God-Fathers.

c1800 S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. (1814) 338 ‘Give an Undertaking,’ i.e. a Security.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxiv. 579 Three hundred pounds a year, which he proposed to pay to her on an undertaking that she would never trouble him.

1879 M. Pattison Milton 91 In each successive pamphlet he reiterates his undertaking to redeem his pledge of a great work.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

undertakingadj.

Brit.

/ˈʌndəteɪkɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ/

Etymology: < undertake v. + -ing suffix².

Now rare.

†1.

a. Ready to undertake an enterprise, task, etc., esp. one involving some danger or risk; enterprising, bold. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > [adjective]

adventurousc1330

undertaking?a1400

entreprenantc1475

enterprising1601

attemptive1603

venturing1616

emprising1829

?a1400 Morte Arth. 2723 In ȝone okene wode an oste are arrayede, Vndir-takande mene of thiese owte londes.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Bodl. 546) Prol. Men ben bettre rydyng,..and more vndirtakynge, and bettir knowynge of alle contreys and of alle passages.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 56 His men war bathe wys and hardy, and vndertakand.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §11. 486 A thousand men, vnder..an vnder-taking and expert Captaine.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 114 Rome..entertaining, and rewarding him as a man of a daring, and undertaking spirit.

1671 tr. J. de Palafox y Mendoza Hist. Conquest of China by Tartars xiii. 261 The General, who was very ambitious, undertaking, and successful.

1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 24. 157 Daring and undertaking Fellows have ever been the Darlings of the Populace.

in extended use.1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Hh.iij^v Inventions, merry conceites, vndertaking enterprises, sports [etc.].

†b. ? Engaged in literary work. (Cf. undertaker n. 6c) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [adjective] > engaged in literary work

undertaking1761

1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IV. xx. 137 See!—if he has not galloped full amongst the scaffolding of the undertaking criticks!

†c. Prepared to act as publishers. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [adjective]

undertaking1822

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. Introd. Ep. p. xlvi Their power of annoying the public will be soon limited by the difficulty of finding undertaking booksellers.

2. Pledged, bound by promise.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [adjective] > bound by promise

troth-plighta1300

sworna1325

plightedc1390

assured1426

jurate1433

abjured1552

sure1567

trothed1567

obliged1600

testeda1616

ingudged1650

betrothed1651

sacramental1785

undertaking1786

oath-bound1795

committed1821

word-bound1836

tied1876

1786 A. Gib Καινα και Παλαια: Sacred Contempl. i. ii. i. 85 For these he became an undertaking Surety as their Covenant-head.

Derivatives

ˈunderˌtakingly adv. responsibly.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > [adverb]

undertakingly1665

responsibly1772

1665 J. Sergeant Sure-footing in Christianity 39 What Certainty can we undertakingly promise to weaker heads, that is, to the Generality of Mankind?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	undertaking
释义	undertakingn. Etymology: < undertake v. + -ing suffix¹.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈundertaking. (Also ˌunderˈtaking.) 1. †a. Enterprise, energy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > energy or enterprise undertakingc1400 enterprisec1450 energy1793 dynamism1831 go-aheadism1838 get-up1841 go-ahead1843 go-aheadness1847 drive1859 get-up-and-get1865 get-up-and-go1871 get-there-ativeness1883 push-and-go1885 hustle1892 go-getting1919 go-gettingness1928 dynamicism1947 go-go-go1954 c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 111 Þe Persiens & þe Turkeys..er right coraious men, and of gret vndertakynge. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 484 Bot he wes outrageous hardy, And of so hye vndirtaking [1489 Adv. wndretaking], That he neuir had none abasing Of multitude of men. b. An action, work, etc., undertaken or attempted; an enterprise. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > an undertaking forec900 aprisec1320 exploitc1425 undertakingc1425 beginning1481 enterprise1548 apprinze1559 embracement1641 undertake1647 undertakement1678 sashay1900 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. 3138 Þat þai brocht sone till ending Be sum tressonable vndirtaking. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Suscettione, an enterprise, a taking of a thing in hand, an vndertaking. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 105 This is the very extacie of loue, Whose violent propertie..leades the will to desperat vndertakings . View more context for this quotation 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 3 Disastrous Periods have ended their Undertakings. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 12 He did not upon the Suddain comprehend the consequences, which would Naturally attend such a rash undertaking. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 148 The Farmer is to consider..the Cost and Charges of such a Stock: that so he may suit his Undertaking to his Purse. 1780 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett I. li. 196 I am engaged in a very unthrifty undertaking. 1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 8 In the preceding number I named the present under~taking an experiment. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 383 Not unfit preparatives for such extravagant under~takings. 1880 L. Stephen Alexander Pope iii. 62 Both sides took a pride in supporting the great literary undertaking which he [sc. Pope] had now announced. c. The action of taking in hand. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] enterprising1553 undertaking1583 undergoing1608 susception1610 underhanding1639 1583 C. Carleill in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 721 They, who..are well able to spare that which is required of eache one towardes the vndertakyng of this aduenture. 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 108 The time of the yeare being as yet some~what troublesome, for the undertaking thereof, you will rather reserve it. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie Ep. Ded. 2 I sate downe, and waited for the undertaking of some abler pen. d. spec. The business or occupation of a funeral undertaker. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > undertaker's work undertaking1843 black work1859 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) v. 52 There's other businesses. Undertaking now. That's gloomy. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. ix. 95 So Pen..asked about the undertaking business and how many mutes went down with Lady Estrich's remains. 1862 Macmillan's Mag. June 150 In the way of business..nothing seems stirring, except it be the undertaking trade. †2. a. The action of lifting up; support. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [noun] > taking or lifting up upbearinga1340 upniming1340 lifting up1362 undertaking1382 uptaking1495 extolling1558 lift1570 catching upa1629 uplifting1650 tollation1688 gathering1691 punt1854 heft1881 bunk-up1919 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cvii. 9 Myn is Manasses; and Effraym the vndertaking [L. susceptio] of myn hed. †b. Reproof, rebuke. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] telingeOE chastiment?c1225 snapinga1300 snibbinga1300 reproving?1316 undernimminga1325 correctiona1340 threapening1340 admonishingc1350 reproofa1375 scourgingc1374 correptionc1380 repreyningc1390 reprehensiona1413 undertakingc1430 rebuke?a1439 admonition1440 correptingc1449 rebut?c1450 reprehendingc1450 redargution1483 reproval1493 increpation1502 prisec1540 tasking1543 check1588 improof1590 snubbing1600 threap1636 compellation1656 reprovement1675 reprimanding1698 rowing1812 lecturing1861 carpeting1888 eldering1912 woodshedding1940 stick1956 c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. iv. 3 Bi whiche cloumben wel swiftliche in to þilke citee þilke þat weren of hise folke,..with oute vndertakinge of any. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 461/2 Synbbynge, or vndyrtakynge, deprehencio. 3. A pledge or promise; a guarantee or surety. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance wordOE costOE earnest1221 fayc1300 certainty1303 wager1306 plighta1325 pledge1371 assurancec1386 undertaking?a1400 faithc1405 surementc1410 to make affiancec1425 earnest pennya1438 warrant1460 trow1515 fidelity1531 stipulation1552 warranty1555 pawn1573 arrha1574 avouchment1574 assumption1590 word of honour1598 avouch1603 assecurance1616 preassurance1635 tower-stamp1642 parole of honour1648 spondence1657 honour1659 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3187 Of this vndyrtakynge ostage are comyne. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi i. v. 21/1 All who dare not submit their Children to be Baptized by the Undertaking of God-Fathers. c1800 S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. (1814) 338 ‘Give an Undertaking,’ i.e. a Security. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxiv. 579 Three hundred pounds a year, which he proposed to pay to her on an undertaking that she would never trouble him. 1879 M. Pattison Milton 91 In each successive pamphlet he reiterates his undertaking to redeem his pledge of a great work. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022). undertakingadj. Brit. /ˈʌndəteɪkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ/ Etymology: < undertake v. + -ing suffix². Now rare. †1. a. Ready to undertake an enterprise, task, etc., esp. one involving some danger or risk; enterprising, bold. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > [adjective] adventurousc1330 undertaking?a1400 entreprenantc1475 enterprising1601 attemptive1603 venturing1616 emprising1829 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2723 In ȝone okene wode an oste are arrayede, Vndir-takande mene of thiese owte londes. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Bodl. 546) Prol. Men ben bettre rydyng,..and more vndirtakynge, and bettir knowynge of alle contreys and of alle passages. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 56 His men war bathe wys and hardy, and vndertakand. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §11. 486 A thousand men, vnder..an vnder-taking and expert Captaine. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 114 Rome..entertaining, and rewarding him as a man of a daring, and undertaking spirit. 1671 tr. J. de Palafox y Mendoza Hist. Conquest of China by Tartars xiii. 261 The General, who was very ambitious, undertaking, and successful. 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 24. 157 Daring and undertaking Fellows have ever been the Darlings of the Populace. in extended use.1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Hh.iij^v Inventions, merry conceites, vndertaking enterprises, sports [etc.]. †b. ? Engaged in literary work. (Cf. undertaker n. 6c) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [adjective] > engaged in literary work undertaking1761 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IV. xx. 137 See!—if he has not galloped full amongst the scaffolding of the undertaking criticks! †c. Prepared to act as publishers. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [adjective] undertaking1822 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. Introd. Ep. p. xlvi Their power of annoying the public will be soon limited by the difficulty of finding undertaking booksellers. 2. Pledged, bound by promise. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [adjective] > bound by promise troth-plighta1300 sworna1325 plightedc1390 assured1426 jurate1433 abjured1552 sure1567 trothed1567 obliged1600 testeda1616 ingudged1650 betrothed1651 sacramental1785 undertaking1786 oath-bound1795 committed1821 word-bound1836 tied1876 1786 A. Gib Καινα και Παλαια: Sacred Contempl. i. ii. i. 85 For these he became an undertaking Surety as their Covenant-head. Derivatives ˈunderˌtakingly adv. responsibly. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > [adverb] undertakingly1665 responsibly1772 1665 J. Sergeant Sure-footing in Christianity 39 What Certainty can we undertakingly promise to weaker heads, that is, to the Generality of Mankind? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1382adj.?a1400
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