单词 | bruising |
释义 | bruisingn.ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cv. 30 And Fynees stod, and pleside; and the brosing [L. quassatio] ceside. c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 37 (MED) This wrecche..yn wepynge & sighynge..and brosynge drayf forth many dayes. a. A broken piece of something, a fragment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment shreddingc950 brucheOE shredc1000 brokec1160 truncheonc1330 scartha1340 screedc1350 bruisinga1382 morsel1381 shedc1400 stumpc1400 rag?a1425 brokalyc1440 brokeling1490 mammocka1529 brokelette1538 sheavec1558 shard1561 fragment1583 segment1586 brack1587 parcel1596 flaw1607 fraction1609 fracture1641 pash1651 frustillation1653 hoof1655 arrachement1656 jaga1658 shattering1658 discerption1685 scar1698 twitter1715 frust1765 smithereens1841 chitling1843 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxx. 14 Ther shal not be founde of his brosingus [a1425 L.V. gobetis; L. fragmentis] a shord. b. The action of breaking something into pieces (literal and figurative). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Qii Kepe the rule of holy obedience, hole and sounde, without crasyng or brosyng. 1569 G. Fenton tr. A. del Corro Epist. or Godlie Admon. f. 31v Touching the breaking & brusing of breade. 3. a. With reference to a person, animal, or body part: the condition of being crushed, battered, or bruised with a heavy weight or blow; bruises on the skin. Also as a count noun: a bruise. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise > action of bruisinga1398 braisinga1500 contusion?a1500 blae-making1538 mauling1621 sugillation1623 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxiii. 1065 Poudre þerof medlid with vynegre..helpeth brusynge. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 312 (MED) Brusyng of boonys. c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 205 (MED) They renewede all his olde bryssynges & his drye wondes. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 106 And alway satte bellorophon vpon the roche. For he myght not goo for the frusshyng and bruysing of his foote. 1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xix. sig. Eiiv/1 Also it fortuned somtyme that ye brusynge happeth without wounde that is somtyme in the fleshe, somtyme in the synewes, and somtyme within the best of ye body. 1588 J. Read tr. F. Arcaeus Compend. Method i. iii. f. 8v A depressure, in infants called a contusion, or a brusing. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cxxi. 421 All bruisings and swellings come vnto a horse..by accident, as by some blow, rush, pinch, or outward venoming. 1663 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. D. Sennert Art Chirurg.: 5th Bk. Pract. Physick (new ed.) v. i. 2732/1 Fractures with an Inflammation and a bruising of the flesh are ful of danger. 1755 Country Gentleman's Compan. (ed. 2) 161 (heading) Of inward Bruisings in Hawks. 1794 J. Bell Disc. Nature & Cure Wounds iii. 168 This fracture..is accompanied with such a bruising of the parts, that they never can be restored. 1849 Monthly Jrnl. Med. Sci. May 751 In most cases of fracture of the pelvis there is generally considerable bruising of the soft parts. 1887 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Mar. 675/2 The left knee-joint was distended with pus, and there was some bruising on the inner side of the patella itself. 1951 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Dec. 1455/2 The commonest injuries found are bruising and scratches on the face and neck. 2012 M. R. Gordon & B. E. Trainor Endgame xi. 203 Forty-one detainees interviewed at Site 4 had bruising and lash-marks consistent with violent physical abuse. b. The action or fact of crushing, battering, or bruising a person, animal, or body part with a heavy weight or blow. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun] > crushing bruising?a1450 crazing1526 crush1599 torture1605 scrunching1869 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] breachOE breakingc975 brusure1382 breaka1400 crasure1413 chininga1420 bursting1487 bruisinga1500 fraction?a1560 chinking1565 springingc1595 infraction1623 disruption1646 abruption1654 diruption1656 chapping1669 chopping1669 fracturea1676 rumple1746 breakage1775 disrupture1785 fracturing1830 disruptment1834 snapping1891 fractionation1926 ?a1450 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (BL Add. 12056) (1894) 50 Woundys þat beþ mad wiþ brosynge, as wiþ smytynge of a staf, oþere ston, oþer fallynge.., habbith gret differens from woundis þat beþ y-made wiþ kuttynge. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 227 For bryssyng of youre bonys. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. viii. xii. 151 Some [were] tormented with the breaking and bruysing of their legges. 1614 J. Alliston Christians Guide 190 The beating out of the braines, or the bruising of the body. a1693 Z. Boyd Sel. Serm. (1989) ii. 57 As the Israelites were shod with shoes for feare of bruising, so must our soules be shod with the preparation of the gospell. 1719 G. Jacob Lex Constitutionis 32 Murder may be committed divers Ways, as by Bruising, Starving, Strangling, Poisoning, Shooting, Stabbing, &c. 1787 J. Russel Reasons of Lord's Agony in Garden 37 Sacred writ represents the Father of mercies, as taking pleasure to bruise his own Son. Not that he had pleasure in the act of bruising. 1866 Daily News 26 May 4/5 The blackening of eyes and the bruising of bodies have been put forth in stately language. 1897 Tyrone (Pa.) Daily Herald 23 Feb. The destruction of a loaded freight car, and the shaking up, cutting and bruising of several of the passengers and crew. 1959 Appeal-Democrat (Marysville–Yuba City, Calif.) 6 Nov. 12/5 The bruising of cattle during marketing and processing causes losses amounting to about 12 million dollars a year. 2012 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 1 Sept. Judith says self-injury can incorporate any number of acts such as deliberate burning, hitting and bruising. c. An act or instance of inflicting injury by hitting or beating; a blow, a beating. Frequently in to take a bruising. Also figurative.See also to be cruising for a bruising at cruise v. Additions. ΚΠ 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) cxi. sig. Ee.iii He shall not fynde hymselfe in the bataylles for fere of the strokes and brusynges. 1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. 220 Whence comes..Beatings, Bruisings, Stockings, Whippings, and Spilling of Blood for Religion? 1793 E. Hitchcock Farmer's Friend xvii. 150 They soon went from words to blows, but his antagonist was too mighty for him and gave him such a bruising that he ran into the street, and cried out murder! murder! 1833 Dublin Univ. Mag. Mar. 285/2 I never got such a bruising in all my life, as you and your drunken set have given me. 1902 Young Woman's Jrnl. Oct. 436/1 Oh, the beatings, the bruisings, the clinched hands and the set teeth! 1989 M. Robinson Mother Country i. 124 The British establishment takes a horrible bruising. 2010 E. N. Jensen Body by Weimar ii. 50 He could dish out a bruising, and he could take one, too. d. The art or sport of fighting with the fists; boxing. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] defence1549 pugilation1656 fencing1692 boxing1693 the (noble, also manly) art of self-defence1724 noble art1749 bruising1750 ring1770 noble science1778 pugilism1788 sparring1797 the sweet science1810 the fancy1820 pugilistics1820 pugnastics1830 fista1839 scrapping1891 ring-work1899 no contest1922 1750 in Student (1751) 2 No. 5. 165 Behind the drummer..are a group of figures; two of which are ingaged in the fashionable art of bruising. 1780 in R. I. Wilberforce & S. Wilberforce Life W. Wilberforce (1838) I. 14 He is a fine fellow if you come to bruising. 1824 P. Egan Boxiana IV. 53 Sweet Science of Bruising! how often has man, Twice as strong as his fellow, presumed just to lark it. 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. x. 101 Bruising was considered a fine manly old English custom. 1872 R. D. Blackmore Maid of Sker II. xxvii. 10 He had held the belt for seven years,..for wrestling as well as for bruising. 1907 G. S. Gordon Let. (1943) 22 The other days I box with a gentleman... His family has been in the bruising business for some generations, I gather. 2004 D. Remnick in A. J. Liebling Just Enough Liebling p. x Liebling made the art of bruising and its practitioners as vivid as any country fair in Dickens. 4. The action of (partially) grinding or breaking down something, esp. a foodstuff, with a pestle, millstone, or other implement; pounding, crushing. ΚΠ ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 166v (MED) Of contricioun i. brissing or betyng. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. L.iij Rue, whose leaues holle without any brusynge, shulde be put in to the drynke. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 767 The juyce is so slimie that it will never make a good syrrupe as it ought to be, unlesse that after the brusing of the herbe it be set in a celler or cold place before the juyce be pressed. 1686 in 14th Vol. Wren Soc. (1937) 4 Bruising of old Alabaster in a Mortar to make Cyment. 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 10 In France they suffer the Husks or Skin, and Juice of the Grapes to lie longer or shorter time in the Cuve together after bruising, according to the Stipticity or Tincture they desire. a1762 W. McEwen Select Set of Ess. (1767) II. 248 It [sc. meditation] may be compared to the bruising of sweet spices, which makes them spread abroad their odour. 1802 Monthly Epitome Oct. 589/1 The making of cyder, for example; the bruising of apples in the mill, the squeezing of them when so bruised in the press [etc.]. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 415 The operation consists of two processes: first the bruising of the stems; and secondly, the beating away of the woody parts from the fibre. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song iv. 224 He stopped his trade with Long Rob and he carted his corn for crushing and bruising over to the mill at Mondynes. 1952 A. Norton Daybreak—2250 A.D. xiii. 125 A stone hollowed for the grinding and bruising of herbs used in medicines, its pestle lying across it. 2013 A. Ricker Pok Pok 28/1 The lightness of the wood or clay pestle is essential for this type of gentle bruising. 5. The fact of damaging a fruit, vegetable, or plant by the weight of an impact or blow; the condition of being damaged in this way. ΚΠ 1572 L. Mascall tr. in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 78 The last braunche, sheweth howe to binde him on, in sauing the oylet or eye from brusing. 1613 G. Markham Eng. Husbandman: 1st Pt. ii. ix. 79 If it [sc. climbing the tree with a ladder] be neuer so little indiscreetly handled, it as much hazardeth the breaking and bruising both of the fruit and the small cyons, as either climbing the tree, or any other way whatsoeuer. 1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 120 To prevent bruising by Wind-falls..lay some sweet Straw under your Fruit-Trees. 1746 W. Ellis Agric. Improv'd I. May xi. 52 The Bruising of the green Stalks by the Weeders Feet checks the free Ascent of the Sap. 1771 A. Young Farmer's Tour E. Eng. II. 513 The elasticity of the bristles prevents stoppage or, bruising of the grain. 1852 New Eng. Farmer Apr. 195/2 Whenever an injury takes place by bruising, although it be but an indentation by the thumb, there decay surely and soonest ensues. 1896 Agric. Gaz. New South Wales 6 555 Gather the fruit carefully, avoiding all bruising, as a bruised fruit is a spoilt fruit. 1906 Barrel & Box July 36/2 To avoid the bruising of apples.., some packers have stored fruit without heading the barrels at all. 1974 Northwest Arkansas Times 15 Feb. 6 Bruising causes almost immediate decay of bananas, tomatoes, apples, avocados, berries, and all other soft fruits. 2004 K. N. Sanecki Discovering Herbs (ed. 7) 53 Break up the bulb into individual cloves, and handle them carefully to avoid bruising. Compounds C1. attributive. Designating a tool, machine, or machinery used for bruising (sense 4), as bruising engine, bruising machine, bruising stone, etc. ΚΠ 1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis i. ix. §3. 109 Take Iron drosse.., and bruise it very small vpon a bruising stone. 1774 Daily Advertiser 22 Feb. The Utensils and Implements in Trade [of a mustard maker]; consisting of..a Pair of Edge-Stones, a Bruising-Mill, Stone Mortars, [etc.]. 1804 Bury & Norwich Post 9 May (advt.) Premises..comprising a malting office with a 24-coomb steep, grinding mill, bruising engine, [etc.]. 1918 Near East 26 Apr. 349/2 Straw-cutting apparatus..does not bruise..the straw... This is done by an additional fitting, the bruising apparatus. 2007 S. Kallis & D. Harris Producing Table Olives v. 205 Green-ripe or early turning colour olives..are given two slits..then passed through a bruising machine. C2. bruising-match n. now archaic and rare a fist fight; a boxing match, esp. one conducted without gloves. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest boxing match1699 set-to1743 bruising-match1757 show-off1776 rally1805 turn-up1810 mill1812 spar1814 twista1849 wap1887 go1890 scrap1905 promotion1907 1757 Du Plessis's Mem. II. xxiii. 169 Had it not been for the Interposition of a noble Lord and his Lady, that came thither to furnish themselves and us with reciprocal Occasions for Laughter, the Comedy would have been converted into a Bruising-Match. 1879 Scotsman 26 Dec. 6/5 These glove fights, which differ little from a pure ‘bruising-match’. 1920 Our Navy (U.S.) Aug. 44/3 Such an event is nothing more than a rough house bruising match. 1956 ‘M. Innes’ Old Hall, New Hall vi. 153 It was poor Edward that would take the knock, did it come to a bruising-match. Derivatives ˈbruising-ˌwise adv. rare †(a) by means of a bruising weight or blow (obsolete); (b) with regard to bruising. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adverb] > bruise bruising-wise1585 1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. ii. 263 If it be brusingwise doone, we call it a contused wounde, or Ecchymosis. 2011 ABC Premium News (Australia) (Nexis) 11 July There's obviously something there bruising-wise, so he needs to be comfortable training on Wednesday and pull up okay on Thursday before we know for sure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bruisingadj. 1. a. That inflicts bruises on a person or animal; causing bruising. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > bruised > bruising bruising1566 contusive1798 1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon sig. Fvj The Dragon dyre that breeding beast in Lerna poole he slewe..With clubbed brusing battring batte he crankly did subdew. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. i. 3 Brusing or shyvering coldes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 63 Put in their hands thy brusing [1623 bruising] Irons of wrath. View more context for this quotation 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 441 The two innocent Pilgrimes footing the hard bruising way, were quickly ouer hied by the Iustice. 1700 J. Dryden Fables 119 They beat their Breasts with many a bruizing Blow. 1772 S. Neville Diary 10 Aug. (1950) viii. 173 Went to see a battle between Agur, the noted bruising butcher of Norwich & one Bully, who had accepted his challenge. 1852 P. Burke Romance of Forum (1853) 231 Three kinds of weapons must have been used in the perpetration of this crime; one a cutting, one a pointed, and one a bruising weapon. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour vii. 121 Seriously injured by the bruising effect of the blow. 1903 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 10 Jan. 63/1 The uterus grasps the head with no buffer to mitigate its bruising grip. 1956 Life 13 Dec. 27/1 A 10-pound meteorite plopped through the roof and struck her a bruising blow on the hand and side. 2009 New Yorker 23 Feb. 32/2 The AA-12 has the power of a 12-gauge shotgun but none of its bruising recoil. b. figurative. Fiercely competitive, aggressive, or stressful. ΚΠ 1837 Spirit of Times 1 Apr. 52/3 Fanny had been trained for a bruising race, and was all right when the signal was given to lead up. 1878 ‘G. Eliot’ in MacMillan's Mag. July 162 A bruising struggle all within the bounds, Of butterfly existence. 1953 W. C. Williams Let. in W. C. Williams & J. C. Thirlwall Sel. Lett. (1957) 322 How he has survived the bruising existence he has been through and come out from it sweet in disposition with his love for humanity undimmed is more than I can say. 1993 Rugby World & Post May 11/3 The Samoans had literally battled their way through in bruising encounters against first a jaded-looking Scotland and then a New Zealand outfit badly in need of a playmaker. 2009 V. Coren For Richer for Poorer 3 I came to understand that tournament poker is a bruising, crippling, endlessly disappointing and rejecting enterprise. 2. Fox-hunting slang. Of a rider: tending to ride hard, fast, and recklessly. Cf. bruise v. 5. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunter > [adjective] > hunting on horseback bruising1823 thrusting1895 1823 ‘Nimrod’ in Sporting Mag. June 121/1 Sir Grey was never what is called a bruising rider—that is to say, he is not one of those who will go with a fall, rather than not go at all. 1843 ‘Nimrod’ Hunting Reminisc. v. 169 I cannot speak of his riding, but I believe he is one of the bruising sort. 1872 G. A. Lawrence Anteros (U.S. ed.) xvi. 142 A fair, though by no means bruising rider to hounds. 1944 G. Heyer Friday's Child xvii. 196 The Viscount was a bruising rider to hounds, and the hunting-season was in full swing. 2011 R. Scott Honorable Gentleman v. 62 The squire and his son are bruising riders, too. I'm sure they wouldn't mind you jumping a few fences. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1382adj.1566 |
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