underlingn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈʌndəlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈəndərlɪŋ/

Forms: Middle English– underling (Middle English–1600s vnder-, Middle English vndir-); Middle English undur-, Middle English–1500s vnderlyng (Middle English vndir-, vndyr-); Middle English undur-, Middle English–1500s underlynge; Middle English onderling, onderlyng.

Etymology: Early Middle English, < under adv. 3 + -ling suffix¹.

A. n.

a. One who is subject or subordinate to another; in later use esp. a subordinate agent or official, an understrapper.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority

underlingc1175

subjectc1330

underloutc1340

undermana1400

ledec1400

undererc1449

subjectary?c1500

footstool1531

suppost1547

ditionary1555

justiciable1595

governeda1599

subsistent1598

subordinate1603

subservient1643

sub1653

subjugate1773

under-sawyer1864

directee1928

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > subordinate

minister1442

juniora1530

subminister1558

underhead1599

subalternal?1608

mainpernor1631

sub1653

subaltern1706

under-somethinga1718

underling1796

c1175 Leg. Nathan in Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 89 Heo..ȝet synden underlinges, for þan þe heo heora hlaford belæwden.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Þe riche þe ben louerdinges struien þe wrecche men, þe ben underlinges.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 102 Þet child þe ne buheð ealdren. Vnderling his prelat. paroschien his preost.

c1275 Laȝamon Brut 22472 Alcus hehte þe king: he hadde mani onderlyng.

c1315 Shoreham Poems iii. 176 Þou ne a-nourest god aryȝt, Ac dest is onderlynges.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 128 The sterres..worchen manye sondri thinges To ous, that ben here underlinges.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 2640 My lord,..I am ȝoure knyght and ȝoure vndirlyng.

a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxix. iv Emman..reigned in all kynde of tiranny, For whiche he was deposed, as an vnderlyng.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique Pref. sig. A iv What manne..would not rather loke to rule like a lord, then to lyve lyke an underlynge?

1576 A. Fleming tr. in Panoplie Epist. 226 The seruice that an underling..oweth to his Lord..is neither greeuous nor tedious.

1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. (1630) 259 Compare thy selfe with superiours, rather then with vnderlings in Grace.

1693 Apol. Clergy Scotl. 102 In the next Paragraph he mentions Mr. Cant, whom he names underling to Mr. Hamilton.

1727 D. Defoe Protestant Monastery 9 To hear the Daughter..take up her Father in his Discourse, as if he had been an Idiot or an Underling.

1796 Ld. Sheffield in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 357 What chance have we..when the House of Commons is filled with moneyed men, speculators, and underlings in office?

1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 238 He undoubtedly felt..an impatience of fools and underlings.

1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 136 The work of an underling who hoped to secure his own promotion.

in extended use.1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. xii. §8. 153 Epaminondas..gaue vnto Thebes, which had euer-more beene an vnderling,..the highest command in Greece.

b. A branch, plant, etc., growing under, or less strongly than, another; a small or weakly plant, animal, or child. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun]

sproteeOE

wiseOE

spronkOE

wrideOE

brodc1175

wanda1300

breerc1320

scion?c1335

spraya1387

spriga1398

springa1400

sprouta1400

spiringc1400

shoota1450

youngling1559

forth-growing1562

spirk1565

sprouting1578

surcle1578

chive1583

chit1601

spurt1601

sprit1622

germen1628

spurge1630

spirt1634

brairding1637

springet1640

set1658

shrubble1674

underling1688

sobolesa1722

branchlet1731

springlet1749

sproutling1749

sprang1847

shootlet1889

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > [noun] > weakly plant

straggler1553

underling1688

spindling1851

the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > born at same time > one of > smallest and weakest

reckling1611

crowl1621

wrig1805

underling1854

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii.0 84/2 The Cyons..are underlings, or small twigs of a years growth.

1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 148 When one of them has got the superiority so far as to overhang the other, it is generally right to take the underling away.

1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 1255/2 Of the Weeds called Underlings, or such as never rise in the Crop:..These are groundsel [etc.].

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 368 The least thriving in a litter of pigs, or brood of chickens, is frequently called ‘a poor little underling’. Fruit or vegetables smaller than the rest of the crop are called underlings.

a. In predicative use, passing into adj.: Subject, subordinate (to a person, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [adjective]

underheilda1300

underlouta1300

underling?1370

subjecta1382

obeisantc1390

obedienta1398

subditc1430

subordinatec1485

subjugal?c1500

liablec1571

subaltern1581

regardant1583

obnoxious1591

vassal1594

servient1606

subservient1638

succumbent1647

ancillary1667

secondary1667

supposite1677

discretional1776

obedientiary1794

heteronomousa1871

satellite1882

?1370 Robt. Cisyle 55 He was to alle men undurlynge, So lowe was never ȝyt no kynge!

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 511/1 Vnderlynge, subditus, infimus.

c1450 Mirk's Festial 187 Þeras he was befor..prowde of hert, aftyr he was lowe and vndyrlyng to al Godys seruantys.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. xi. f. xxx^v Albeit the husbande be the wiues gouernour, yet is he vnderlyng and subiect to Christe his lorde and maister.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. viii. sig. G4 Can our soule Be vnderling to such a vile controule?

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 187 Lilis..would not be vnderling, and Adam would not endure her his equall.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 124 A league of cohabitation should be made between the two Swords, though the spirituall were for the present underling.

b. Similarly in attributive use.

ΚΠ

1615–6 J. Boys Wks. (1629) 135 The Lord of all submitted himselfe to the gouernment of his supposed father, and vnderling mother.

1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 265 We underling Shepheards and Pastours may imitate our Paramount Shepheard and Pastour.

1693 Apol. Clergy Scotl. 104 The underling Pedlars amongst the Presbyterians may write what they please.

1714 A. Pope Corr. 30 Jan. (1956) I. 208 There are indeed, a sort of underling auxiliars to the difficulty of a work, call'd Commentators and Critics.

1764 S. Foote Patron i. 3 By..underling bards, that he feeds; and broken booksellers, that he bribes.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. IV. ix. ii. v. 577 The underling sort of lawyer whom the judge punishes every day without scruple.

B. adj.

1. Undersized, small, weak. (Cf. underline adj.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > smaller than usual or standard size

petty1393

small1525

scrubby1591

undersized1706

underlinga1722

underline1750

under-size1820

manikin1840

underhanded1856

small1877

sawed-off1887

sawn-off1936

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 410 The underling hog put up with the rest, is longest a fatting.

1738 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer III. ii. 8 Seven Quarters of these underling Kernells.

1788 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 72 [The flax] remains weak, short, and underling.

1840 in Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. (1841) 2 i. 120 Many short or underling straws, as they are here [i.e. Pusey, Berks.] called.

2. Low-growing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > low-growing

humil1567

base1578

humble1658

grovelling1750

underling1830

1830 Withering's Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 7) II. 548 In gardens and other cultivated lands, it often proves a most troublesome underling weed.

3. Trivial, unimportant.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > of little importance or trivial

eathlyc890

lighteOE

littleOE

small?c1225

singlec1449

easy1474

triflous1509

naughty1526

slender1530

slight1548

shrimpish1549

slipper1567

truanta1572

toyous1581

trivious1583

mean1585

silly1587

nicea1594

puny?1594

puisne1598

pusill1599

whindling1601

sapless1602

non-significant1603

poor1603

unsignificant1603

flea-bite1605

perishing1605

lank1607

weightless1610

fonda1616

penny farthing1615

triviala1616

unweighty1621

transitory1637

twattling1651

inconsiderate1655

unserious1655

nugal1656

small drink1656

slighty1662

minute1668

paddling1679

snitling1682

retail1697

Lilliputian1726

vain1731

rattletrap1760

peppercornish1762

peppercorn1791

underling1804

venial1806

lightweight1809

floccinaucical1826

small-bore1833

minified1837

trantlum1838

piffling1848

tea-tabular1855

potty1860

whipping-snapping1861

tea-gardeny1862

quiddling1863

twaddling1863

fidgeting1865

penny ante1865

feather-weighted1870

jerkwater1877

midget1879

mimsy1880

shirttail1881

two-by-four1885

footle1894

skittery1905

footery1929

Mickey Mouse1931

chickenshit1934

minoritized1945

marginal1952

marginalized1961

tea-party1961

little league1962

marginalizing1977

minnowy1991

1804 R. Southey in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 481 While they can employ me more to their own advantage in little underling works.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	underling
释义	underlingn.adj. Brit. /ˈʌndəlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈəndərlɪŋ/ Forms: Middle English– underling (Middle English–1600s vnder-, Middle English vndir-); Middle English undur-, Middle English–1500s vnderlyng (Middle English vndir-, vndyr-); Middle English undur-, Middle English–1500s underlynge; Middle English onderling, onderlyng. Etymology: Early Middle English, < under adv. 3 + -ling suffix¹. A. n. 1. a. One who is subject or subordinate to another; in later use esp. a subordinate agent or official, an understrapper. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority underlingc1175 subjectc1330 underloutc1340 undermana1400 ledec1400 undererc1449 subjectary?c1500 footstool1531 suppost1547 ditionary1555 justiciable1595 governeda1599 subsistent1598 subordinate1603 subservient1643 sub1653 subjugate1773 under-sawyer1864 directee1928 society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > subordinate minister1442 juniora1530 subminister1558 underhead1599 subalternal?1608 mainpernor1631 sub1653 subaltern1706 under-somethinga1718 underling1796 c1175 Leg. Nathan in Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 89 Heo..ȝet synden underlinges, for þan þe heo heora hlaford belæwden. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Þe riche þe ben louerdinges struien þe wrecche men, þe ben underlinges. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 102 Þet child þe ne buheð ealdren. Vnderling his prelat. paroschien his preost. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 22472 Alcus hehte þe king: he hadde mani onderlyng. c1315 Shoreham Poems iii. 176 Þou ne a-nourest god aryȝt, Ac dest is onderlynges. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 128 The sterres..worchen manye sondri thinges To ous, that ben here underlinges. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 2640 My lord,..I am ȝoure knyght and ȝoure vndirlyng. a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxix. iv Emman..reigned in all kynde of tiranny, For whiche he was deposed, as an vnderlyng. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique Pref. sig. A iv What manne..would not rather loke to rule like a lord, then to lyve lyke an underlynge? 1576 A. Fleming tr. in Panoplie Epist. 226 The seruice that an underling..oweth to his Lord..is neither greeuous nor tedious. 1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. (1630) 259 Compare thy selfe with superiours, rather then with vnderlings in Grace. 1693 Apol. Clergy Scotl. 102 In the next Paragraph he mentions Mr. Cant, whom he names underling to Mr. Hamilton. 1727 D. Defoe Protestant Monastery 9 To hear the Daughter..take up her Father in his Discourse, as if he had been an Idiot or an Underling. 1796 Ld. Sheffield in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 357 What chance have we..when the House of Commons is filled with moneyed men, speculators, and underlings in office? 1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 238 He undoubtedly felt..an impatience of fools and underlings. 1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 136 The work of an underling who hoped to secure his own promotion. in extended use.1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. xii. §8. 153 Epaminondas..gaue vnto Thebes, which had euer-more beene an vnderling,..the highest command in Greece. b. A branch, plant, etc., growing under, or less strongly than, another; a small or weakly plant, animal, or child. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] sproteeOE wiseOE spronkOE wrideOE brodc1175 wanda1300 breerc1320 scion?c1335 spraya1387 spriga1398 springa1400 sprouta1400 spiringc1400 shoota1450 youngling1559 forth-growing1562 spirk1565 sprouting1578 surcle1578 chive1583 chit1601 spurt1601 sprit1622 germen1628 spurge1630 spirt1634 brairding1637 springet1640 set1658 shrubble1674 underling1688 sobolesa1722 branchlet1731 springlet1749 sproutling1749 sprang1847 shootlet1889 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > [noun] > weakly plant straggler1553 underling1688 spindling1851 the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > born at same time > one of > smallest and weakest reckling1611 crowl1621 wrig1805 underling1854 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii.0 84/2 The Cyons..are underlings, or small twigs of a years growth. 1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 148 When one of them has got the superiority so far as to overhang the other, it is generally right to take the underling away. 1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 1255/2 Of the Weeds called Underlings, or such as never rise in the Crop:..These are groundsel [etc.]. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 368 The least thriving in a litter of pigs, or brood of chickens, is frequently called ‘a poor little underling’. Fruit or vegetables smaller than the rest of the crop are called underlings. 2. a. In predicative use, passing into adj.: Subject, subordinate (to a person, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] underheilda1300 underlouta1300 underling?1370 subjecta1382 obeisantc1390 obedienta1398 subditc1430 subordinatec1485 subjugal?c1500 liablec1571 subaltern1581 regardant1583 obnoxious1591 vassal1594 servient1606 subservient1638 succumbent1647 ancillary1667 secondary1667 supposite1677 discretional1776 obedientiary1794 heteronomousa1871 satellite1882 ?1370 Robt. Cisyle 55 He was to alle men undurlynge, So lowe was never ȝyt no kynge! c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 511/1 Vnderlynge, subditus, infimus. c1450 Mirk's Festial 187 Þeras he was befor..prowde of hert, aftyr he was lowe and vndyrlyng to al Godys seruantys. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. xi. f. xxx^v Albeit the husbande be the wiues gouernour, yet is he vnderlyng and subiect to Christe his lorde and maister. 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. viii. sig. G4 Can our soule Be vnderling to such a vile controule? 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 187 Lilis..would not be vnderling, and Adam would not endure her his equall. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 124 A league of cohabitation should be made between the two Swords, though the spirituall were for the present underling. b. Similarly in attributive use. ΚΠ 1615–6 J. Boys Wks. (1629) 135 The Lord of all submitted himselfe to the gouernment of his supposed father, and vnderling mother. 1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 265 We underling Shepheards and Pastours may imitate our Paramount Shepheard and Pastour. 1693 Apol. Clergy Scotl. 104 The underling Pedlars amongst the Presbyterians may write what they please. 1714 A. Pope Corr. 30 Jan. (1956) I. 208 There are indeed, a sort of underling auxiliars to the difficulty of a work, call'd Commentators and Critics. 1764 S. Foote Patron i. 3 By..underling bards, that he feeds; and broken booksellers, that he bribes. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. IV. ix. ii. v. 577 The underling sort of lawyer whom the judge punishes every day without scruple. B. adj. 1. Undersized, small, weak. (Cf. underline adj.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > smaller than usual or standard size petty1393 small1525 scrubby1591 undersized1706 underlinga1722 underline1750 under-size1820 manikin1840 underhanded1856 small1877 sawed-off1887 sawn-off1936 a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 410 The underling hog put up with the rest, is longest a fatting. 1738 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer III. ii. 8 Seven Quarters of these underling Kernells. 1788 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 72 [The flax] remains weak, short, and underling. 1840 in Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. (1841) 2 i. 120 Many short or underling straws, as they are here [i.e. Pusey, Berks.] called. 2. Low-growing. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > low-growing humil1567 base1578 humble1658 grovelling1750 underling1830 1830 Withering's Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 7) II. 548 In gardens and other cultivated lands, it often proves a most troublesome underling weed. 3. Trivial, unimportant. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > of little importance or trivial eathlyc890 lighteOE littleOE small?c1225 singlec1449 easy1474 triflous1509 naughty1526 slender1530 slight1548 shrimpish1549 slipper1567 truanta1572 toyous1581 trivious1583 mean1585 silly1587 nicea1594 puny?1594 puisne1598 pusill1599 whindling1601 sapless1602 non-significant1603 poor1603 unsignificant1603 flea-bite1605 perishing1605 lank1607 weightless1610 fonda1616 penny farthing1615 triviala1616 unweighty1621 transitory1637 twattling1651 inconsiderate1655 unserious1655 nugal1656 small drink1656 slighty1662 minute1668 paddling1679 snitling1682 retail1697 Lilliputian1726 vain1731 rattletrap1760 peppercornish1762 peppercorn1791 underling1804 venial1806 lightweight1809 floccinaucical1826 small-bore1833 minified1837 trantlum1838 piffling1848 tea-tabular1855 potty1860 whipping-snapping1861 tea-gardeny1862 quiddling1863 twaddling1863 fidgeting1865 penny ante1865 feather-weighted1870 jerkwater1877 midget1879 mimsy1880 shirttail1881 two-by-four1885 footle1894 skittery1905 footery1929 Mickey Mouse1931 chickenshit1934 minoritized1945 marginal1952 marginalized1961 tea-party1961 little league1962 marginalizing1977 minnowy1991 1804 R. Southey in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 481 While they can employ me more to their own advantage in little underling works. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.c1175
随便看	dimane dimanganous dimaris dimastigate dimber dimber-damber dimberdamber dimble dimbles dimbrooding dimbrowed dimcoloured dimdiscovered dime dime bag dime note dime novel dime on dime-a-dozen dime-dropper dime-novelish dime-novelist dime-store dimeadozen dimedropper