additiveadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈadᵻtɪv/, U.S.

/ˈædədɪv/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin additivus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin additivus added, additional (5th or 6th cent. in Priscian) < classical Latin addit- , past participial stem of addere add v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare earlier subtractive adj., multiplicative adj.

A. adj.

a. Characterized by or involving addition; that is to be or can be added.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > characterized by addition

additive1648

addititious1715

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > characterized by addition > capable of addition

addable1663

addible1690

additive1833

cipherable1888

1648 J. Pell Let. 4 Nov. in J. Pell Corr. with C. Cavendish (2005) 519 He needes only secants, whose differences are all additive.

1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 352 Additive Ratio is that whose Terms are dispos'd to Addition, that is, to Composition.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word) Suppose the line ac divided in the points b and x, the ratio between ab and bx is additive; because the terms ab and bx compose the whole ax.

1829 J. Bentham Justice & Codification Petitions Prelim. Explan. p. vi To employ either draft, with..amendments, whether additive, subtractive, or substitutive.

1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy v. 202 The quantity by which the true longitude of the earth differs from the mean longitude..is additive during all the half-year.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 204 The general sum of such work is great; for..all of it is additive, none of it subtractive.

1901 Mind 10 46 The numbers representing distances should be additive, so that, if ab, bc, ac be the co-ordinates of AB, BC, AC respectively, then ab + bc = ac.

1935 A. H. G. Palmer & K. S. Snell Mechanics iv. 48 Mass is therefore additive in the sense that the mass of a particle is the sum of the masses of its parts.

1979 D. M. Bloom Linear Algebra & Geom. i. 31 The zero elements (additive identities) of A and S must coincide.

1992 K. Reichl in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 188 And is purely additive, paraphrasable as ‘and also’, ‘and furthermore’.

2006 D. Szecsei Homework Helpers: Algebra i. 19 For every real number a, there is a unique real number, called the additive inverse of a, and denoted −a, such that a + (−a) = 0.

b. Mathematics. Of a function (f): distributive over addition, i.e. such that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y).

ΚΠ

1917 Math. Gaz. 9 129 Among such additive functions the most important are ‘absolutely continuous’ functions, which are the same things as the indefinite integrals of Lebesgue.

1918 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 24 348 An additive function on a point set is one whose value on a sum of sets is the sum of its values on each term.

2004 Amer. Math. Monthly 111 726 Exercise 12 asks one to show that if an additive function is continuous at one point, then it is continuous at all points.

2. Chemistry. Characterized by or involving chemical addition (addition n. 7). Cf. addition n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [adjective] > addition

additive1858

1858 J. J. Griffin Radical Theory Chem. 505 I consider the complex silicates to be formed by simple silicates combined with one another, atom after atom, and that each step in this additive process produces a special silicate.

1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. i. 42 Double salts belong to a different category, although nearly always formed by this additive process, as when bichloride of platinum and chloride of potassium unite, KCl + PtCl₂ yielding KCl,PtCl₂.

1906 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 90 i. 729 The oxidation of amines is initially an additive process.

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. viii. 70 They form additive compounds, especially with phenylhydrazine.

2006 V. Danek Physico-chemical Anal. Molten Electrolytes iv. 225 If the temperatures and enthalpies of fusion of both of the substances A and B are known, the enthalpy of fusion of the additive compound A_qB_r can be estimated.

3. Designating a process of colour reproduction in which different primary colours are superimposed in directly emitted light (as with spotlights in a theatre); relating to such a process. Contrasted with subtractive adj. 2b.Additive reproduction usually uses the primary colours red, green, and blue, which are added in different proportions to produce other colours: e.g. red + green gives yellow.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [adjective] > developing procedures

additive1902

factorial1902

subtractive1902

tanning1930

1902 Photogram May 140 In the indirect process there is the subtractive and the additive method.

1944 T. A. Longmore Med. Photogr. 363 Development is carried out by the reversal process in order to produce a positive image to satisfy the requirements of the additive colour process.

1981 J. Monaco How to read Film (rev. ed.) App. I. 426 There is a further complication because color technology utilizes two complementary methods of mixing: additive and subtractive.

2003 M. Kraak & F. Ormeling Cartography (ed. 2) vi. 105/1 One can see that it might be problematical to convert the additive colours from the monitor into subtractive colours on a printed or plotted map.

4. Genetics. Designating genes that govern the same phenotypic trait and have a synergistic effect on the phenotype; of or relating to such genes; (also) designating interaction between allelic genes in which there is no dominance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > gene > types of gene

monofactorial1920

monogenic1921

polygenic1928

multigenic1933

additive1936

oligogenic1943

X-linked1949

Y-linked1949

multigene1954

structural gene1959

orthologous1970

paralogous1970

1912 Amer. Naturalist 46 311 This is exactly what Mendelian theory calls for on the assumption that several factors, each alike in effect, their effects being additive, are responsible for the parental differences.]

1936 Amer. Naturalist 70 66 Many of the quantitative genes appear to be additive.

1939 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 14 If mild mental impairment were inherited by multiple Mendelian additive factors, the sibs should regress towards the norm.

1960 D. S. Falconer Introd. Quant. Genetics vii. 125 Genes that show no dominance..are sometimes called ‘additive genes’, or are said to ‘act additively’.

1988 M. Levitan Textbk. Human Genetics (ed. 3) xv. 342 The number of dermal ridges (in fingerprints) appears to be similarly determined by a relatively small number of additive loci.

2002 Jrnl. Human Hypertension 16 417 Angiotensin-converting enzyme concentration was determined by additive genes for 43% of its variance.

5. Music. Of rhythm or metre (esp. in non-Western music): characterized by the concatenation of a series of rhythmic units, typically of unequal length. Contrasted with divisive adj. Additions.

ΚΠ

1952 C. Sachs in Musical Q. 38 392 The regular recurrence on which such patterns rest is not a certain duration to be divided into equal parts, but rather a grouping..composed of longer and shorter elements.., such as of 2+1, or 3+3+2 units, or any other arrangement of shorts and longs. These rhythms are ‘additive’.

1961 R. Brandel Music Central Afr. i. ii. 15 The African hemiola style is based on this play of two and three, which is much like the Middle Eastern additive style of rhythm with its far greater diversity of durational contrasts.

1995 P. Manuel in P. Manuel et al. Caribbean Currents ix. 220 One common feature of Indian music is the use of ‘additive’ meters, often involving measures of odd-numbered beats.

2000 Music & Lett. 81 665/2 Whether concepts like additive rhythm..and multiple or parallel pulses..are indeed applicable to West African repertoires remains a subject for debate.

6. Manufacturing Technology. Designating a process of manufacture (now esp. 3D printing or stereolithography) in which a base material is selectively augmented, as contrasted with techniques which involve selective removal (such as etching, grinding, or machining).

ΚΠ

1971 U.S. Patent 3,606,677 2 Additive methods, wherein the copper circuitry is added to a base substrate, have been less commonly used.

1990 Yale Art Gallery Bull. 40/1 Paper does not grow according to nature's predetermined design; its ‘raw’ form results instead from an additive manufacturing process without natural limitations.

2003 R. Yang & T. F. Hayden in J. W. Balde Foldable Flex & Thinned Silicon Multichip Packaging Technol. xi. 267 Either a subtractive or an additive process can be used to fabricate LCP flexible circuits.

2007 Guardian 29 Mar. (Technol. section) 6/5 There are examples of additive manufacturing for consumer items that do away with moulds... Some in-the-ear hearing aids are made using a laser sintering process after scanning a wax impression of the ear canal.

2014 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 8 May 49 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of any shape from a digital model.

B. n.

1. A substance added in small quantities to a foodstuff, alloy, etc., in order to impart specific qualities to the product; spec. = food additive n. at food n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > that which is added as an ingredient

leavena1393

intermixture1586

admixture1607

amalgam1841

additive1901

the world > food and drink > food > additive > [noun]

food additive1945

additive1950

E number1973

1901 Lancet 10 Aug. 407/2 The evidence in favour of plasmon as a highly assimilable and nutritious ‘additive’ in diet continues.

1945 Electronic Engin. 17 516/1 The use of the monomeric styrene..as an additive to the solution of the polymer in solvent.

1950 U.S. Congr. House Delaney Rep., Sel. Comm. Chemicals in Food (1951) 838 The use of additives which lead to a significant decrease in nutritive value should not be permitted.

1997 Liverpool Echo 18 Sept. 28/4 Most pre-packed sandwiches contain ‘E’ additives to preserve them.

2004 Metro (Toronto) 12 Aug. 10/2 They tested salmon meat for polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs, which are used as flame-retardant additives in electronics and furniture.

2. Logic. A connective symbol between two logical propositions that is analogous to numerical addition in that multiplicative connective symbols are distributive over it. Cf. multiplicative n. 2.

ΚΠ

1987 J.-Y. Girard in Theoret. Computer Sci. 50 20 The additive connectives (or additives) are the connectives with and plus.

2000 Logic Jrnl. IGPL 8 152 The connectives & and ⊕, together with the neutral elements T (w.r.t. &) and 0 (w.r.t. ⊕) are called additives.

Compounds

additive-free adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > [adjective] > without additives

natural1802

additive-free1965

the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > without addition or qualification > without additive

additive-free1965

1965 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Tribune 25 Nov. h1/3 The individual who wants additive-free foods had better tend his own garden since even the humble bread on his table may contain as many as 30 chemical ingredients.

1982 D. Canter et al. Cranks Recipe Bk. (1985) 12 One of the largest suppliers of additive-free yoghourt and ice-cream for..the south of England.

2001 C. Scott-Moncrieff Nat. Health at 50+ ii. v. 143/2 Removing pesticide residues by soaking non-organic food in water containing a mild additive-free soap.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	additive
释义	additiveadj.n. Brit. /ˈadᵻtɪv/, U.S. /ˈædədɪv/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin additivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin additivus added, additional (5th or 6th cent. in Priscian) < classical Latin addit- , past participial stem of addere add v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare earlier subtractive adj., multiplicative adj. A. adj. 1. a. Characterized by or involving addition; that is to be or can be added. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > characterized by addition additive1648 addititious1715 the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > characterized by addition > capable of addition addable1663 addible1690 additive1833 cipherable1888 1648 J. Pell Let. 4 Nov. in J. Pell Corr. with C. Cavendish (2005) 519 He needes only secants, whose differences are all additive. 1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 352 Additive Ratio is that whose Terms are dispos'd to Addition, that is, to Composition. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word) Suppose the line ac divided in the points b and x, the ratio between ab and bx is additive; because the terms ab and bx compose the whole ax. 1829 J. Bentham Justice & Codification Petitions Prelim. Explan. p. vi To employ either draft, with..amendments, whether additive, subtractive, or substitutive. 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy v. 202 The quantity by which the true longitude of the earth differs from the mean longitude..is additive during all the half-year. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 204 The general sum of such work is great; for..all of it is additive, none of it subtractive. 1901 Mind 10 46 The numbers representing distances should be additive, so that, if ab, bc, ac be the co-ordinates of AB, BC, AC respectively, then ab + bc = ac. 1935 A. H. G. Palmer & K. S. Snell Mechanics iv. 48 Mass is therefore additive in the sense that the mass of a particle is the sum of the masses of its parts. 1979 D. M. Bloom Linear Algebra & Geom. i. 31 The zero elements (additive identities) of A and S must coincide. 1992 K. Reichl in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 188 And is purely additive, paraphrasable as ‘and also’, ‘and furthermore’. 2006 D. Szecsei Homework Helpers: Algebra i. 19 For every real number a, there is a unique real number, called the additive inverse of a, and denoted −a, such that a + (−a) = 0. b. Mathematics. Of a function (f): distributive over addition, i.e. such that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y). ΚΠ 1917 Math. Gaz. 9 129 Among such additive functions the most important are ‘absolutely continuous’ functions, which are the same things as the indefinite integrals of Lebesgue. 1918 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 24 348 An additive function on a point set is one whose value on a sum of sets is the sum of its values on each term. 2004 Amer. Math. Monthly 111 726 Exercise 12 asks one to show that if an additive function is continuous at one point, then it is continuous at all points. 2. Chemistry. Characterized by or involving chemical addition (addition n. 7). Cf. addition n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [adjective] > addition additive1858 1858 J. J. Griffin Radical Theory Chem. 505 I consider the complex silicates to be formed by simple silicates combined with one another, atom after atom, and that each step in this additive process produces a special silicate. 1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. i. 42 Double salts belong to a different category, although nearly always formed by this additive process, as when bichloride of platinum and chloride of potassium unite, KCl + PtCl₂ yielding KCl,PtCl₂. 1906 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 90 i. 729 The oxidation of amines is initially an additive process. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. viii. 70 They form additive compounds, especially with phenylhydrazine. 2006 V. Danek Physico-chemical Anal. Molten Electrolytes iv. 225 If the temperatures and enthalpies of fusion of both of the substances A and B are known, the enthalpy of fusion of the additive compound A_qB_r can be estimated. 3. Designating a process of colour reproduction in which different primary colours are superimposed in directly emitted light (as with spotlights in a theatre); relating to such a process. Contrasted with subtractive adj. 2b.Additive reproduction usually uses the primary colours red, green, and blue, which are added in different proportions to produce other colours: e.g. red + green gives yellow. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [adjective] > developing procedures additive1902 factorial1902 subtractive1902 tanning1930 1902 Photogram May 140 In the indirect process there is the subtractive and the additive method. 1944 T. A. Longmore Med. Photogr. 363 Development is carried out by the reversal process in order to produce a positive image to satisfy the requirements of the additive colour process. 1981 J. Monaco How to read Film (rev. ed.) App. I. 426 There is a further complication because color technology utilizes two complementary methods of mixing: additive and subtractive. 2003 M. Kraak & F. Ormeling Cartography (ed. 2) vi. 105/1 One can see that it might be problematical to convert the additive colours from the monitor into subtractive colours on a printed or plotted map. 4. Genetics. Designating genes that govern the same phenotypic trait and have a synergistic effect on the phenotype; of or relating to such genes; (also) designating interaction between allelic genes in which there is no dominance. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > gene > types of gene monofactorial1920 monogenic1921 polygenic1928 multigenic1933 additive1936 oligogenic1943 X-linked1949 Y-linked1949 multigene1954 structural gene1959 orthologous1970 paralogous1970 1912 Amer. Naturalist 46 311 This is exactly what Mendelian theory calls for on the assumption that several factors, each alike in effect, their effects being additive, are responsible for the parental differences.] 1936 Amer. Naturalist 70 66 Many of the quantitative genes appear to be additive. 1939 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 14 If mild mental impairment were inherited by multiple Mendelian additive factors, the sibs should regress towards the norm. 1960 D. S. Falconer Introd. Quant. Genetics vii. 125 Genes that show no dominance..are sometimes called ‘additive genes’, or are said to ‘act additively’. 1988 M. Levitan Textbk. Human Genetics (ed. 3) xv. 342 The number of dermal ridges (in fingerprints) appears to be similarly determined by a relatively small number of additive loci. 2002 Jrnl. Human Hypertension 16 417 Angiotensin-converting enzyme concentration was determined by additive genes for 43% of its variance. 5. Music. Of rhythm or metre (esp. in non-Western music): characterized by the concatenation of a series of rhythmic units, typically of unequal length. Contrasted with divisive adj. Additions. ΚΠ 1952 C. Sachs in Musical Q. 38 392 The regular recurrence on which such patterns rest is not a certain duration to be divided into equal parts, but rather a grouping..composed of longer and shorter elements.., such as of 2+1, or 3+3+2 units, or any other arrangement of shorts and longs. These rhythms are ‘additive’. 1961 R. Brandel Music Central Afr. i. ii. 15 The African hemiola style is based on this play of two and three, which is much like the Middle Eastern additive style of rhythm with its far greater diversity of durational contrasts. 1995 P. Manuel in P. Manuel et al. Caribbean Currents ix. 220 One common feature of Indian music is the use of ‘additive’ meters, often involving measures of odd-numbered beats. 2000 Music & Lett. 81 665/2 Whether concepts like additive rhythm..and multiple or parallel pulses..are indeed applicable to West African repertoires remains a subject for debate. 6. Manufacturing Technology. Designating a process of manufacture (now esp. 3D printing or stereolithography) in which a base material is selectively augmented, as contrasted with techniques which involve selective removal (such as etching, grinding, or machining). ΚΠ 1971 U.S. Patent 3,606,677 2 Additive methods, wherein the copper circuitry is added to a base substrate, have been less commonly used. 1990 Yale Art Gallery Bull. 40/1 Paper does not grow according to nature's predetermined design; its ‘raw’ form results instead from an additive manufacturing process without natural limitations. 2003 R. Yang & T. F. Hayden in J. W. Balde Foldable Flex & Thinned Silicon Multichip Packaging Technol. xi. 267 Either a subtractive or an additive process can be used to fabricate LCP flexible circuits. 2007 Guardian 29 Mar. (Technol. section) 6/5 There are examples of additive manufacturing for consumer items that do away with moulds... Some in-the-ear hearing aids are made using a laser sintering process after scanning a wax impression of the ear canal. 2014 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 8 May 49 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of any shape from a digital model. B. n. 1. A substance added in small quantities to a foodstuff, alloy, etc., in order to impart specific qualities to the product; spec. = food additive n. at food n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > that which is added as an ingredient leavena1393 intermixture1586 admixture1607 amalgam1841 additive1901 the world > food and drink > food > additive > [noun] food additive1945 additive1950 E number1973 1901 Lancet 10 Aug. 407/2 The evidence in favour of plasmon as a highly assimilable and nutritious ‘additive’ in diet continues. 1945 Electronic Engin. 17 516/1 The use of the monomeric styrene..as an additive to the solution of the polymer in solvent. 1950 U.S. Congr. House Delaney Rep., Sel. Comm. Chemicals in Food (1951) 838 The use of additives which lead to a significant decrease in nutritive value should not be permitted. 1997 Liverpool Echo 18 Sept. 28/4 Most pre-packed sandwiches contain ‘E’ additives to preserve them. 2004 Metro (Toronto) 12 Aug. 10/2 They tested salmon meat for polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs, which are used as flame-retardant additives in electronics and furniture. 2. Logic. A connective symbol between two logical propositions that is analogous to numerical addition in that multiplicative connective symbols are distributive over it. Cf. multiplicative n. 2. ΚΠ 1987 J.-Y. Girard in Theoret. Computer Sci. 50 20 The additive connectives (or additives) are the connectives with and plus. 2000 Logic Jrnl. IGPL 8 152 The connectives & and ⊕, together with the neutral elements T (w.r.t. &) and 0 (w.r.t. ⊕) are called additives. Compounds additive-free adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > [adjective] > without additives natural1802 additive-free1965 the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > without addition or qualification > without additive additive-free1965 1965 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Tribune 25 Nov. h1/3 The individual who wants additive-free foods had better tend his own garden since even the humble bread on his table may contain as many as 30 chemical ingredients. 1982 D. Canter et al. Cranks Recipe Bk. (1985) 12 One of the largest suppliers of additive-free yoghourt and ice-cream for..the south of England. 2001 C. Scott-Moncrieff Nat. Health at 50+ ii. v. 143/2 Removing pesticide residues by soaking non-organic food in water containing a mild additive-free soap. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1648
随便看	θ33231 θ33232 θ33233 θ33234 θ33235 θ33236 θ33237 θ33238 θ33239 θ3324 θ33240 θ33241 θ33242 θ33243 θ33244 θ33245 θ33246 θ33247 θ33248 θ33249 θ3325 θ33250 θ33251 θ33252 θ33253