umestadj.n.

Forms: α. Old English ufemyst, yfemest, yfemesð, yfemyst, yfmest, Old English–early Middle English ufemest, uuemest, early Middle English huuemest, ufenmest uuemaste, uwemast, vuemest, (transmission error) vuenest, Middle English umast, vpmest, 1500s owmest, umest. β. Middle English homyste, omast, omest, ouemast, ouemaste, ouemest, ouemeste, ouemoste, ouenast, ovemast, ovemest, omyst, 1500s omost, omyste.

Etymology: < Old English ufemest, superlative of ufera , -re , comparative (also yfera , yf(e)mest ), over adj.; < root uf- in ufan (adverb) above, from above, ufe-weard , uplying, top-, cognate with Gothic uf ‘beneath’, in combination ‘from beneath’, ‘up-’. For the later change to ove- , compare over adj. Compare later overmost adj.Old English forms in yf- show double mutation (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §203). The early Middle English form ufenmest (attested only in the Caligula MS of Laȝamon's Brut) is probably after an-ufene (see anoven adv. and prep.).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈumest.

Scottish in later use. Now rare.

A. adj.

1. Highest, upmost, uppermost, topmost.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > in highest position

highestOE

umestOE

overesta1325

upperestc1374

overmosta1382

supremec1487

upmost1488

uppermostc1500

highermost1593

top1595

topmost1697

headmost1758

culminant1849

tip-topmost1937

α.

OE Ælfric Genesis (Laud) xl. 17 On þam ufemystan windle wære manegra cynna gebæc.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) v. 44 On midne dæg bið seo sunne on ðam ufemestum ryne stigende.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 219 Þe huuemeste bou of þe treuwe springed of þe neþemeste rote... Alse þe uuemeste bou is sib þe neþemeste rote.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 328 Þeose cointe hearloz..hudeð hare hale clað & doð on, alre uuemest [a1250 Nero vuemeste; a1250 Titus uuemaste; a1300 Caius uwemast], fiterokes al totorene.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3033 Vp heo hine duden heȝe an ufen-meste þan turre.

a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 575 Vp he ros..& steȝ to heuene vuenest [read vuemast], Ðer wuneð wið Fader & Holi Gast.

β. c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 414 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 Eiȝte firmamenz..beoth, swuche ase we i-seoth; þe Ouemeste is þe riȝtte heouene in ȝwam þe steorrene beoth.a1350 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 66 Et sethe, an iij unchun, other more herre, other iiij holes acros, and so herre ant herre vorte thu come to the ovemoste ende, whether the vessal beo more other lasse.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 17^v Þis cercle is bituene þe forseid parties & is þe neþemest of þat on & ouemest of þat oþer.γ. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvii. 4652 Endlange þe wode war wayis twa: Þe erl in þe vmast lay of þa.c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 35 Therfor, yf þow wilt adde nombre to nombre, write the nombre wherto the addicioun shalle be made in the omest ordre by his differences, so that the first of the lower ordre be vndre the first of the omyst ordre, and so of others.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxiii. 94 The ground of the stomak js..mare forcy of degestioun na the humast part of the stomak.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 458 Atour a bray the omast [v.r. vpmest] pot gert fall, Brak on the ground.a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 107 Oure maner is to helpe ham that ben omyste [a1525 Trin. Dublin omost], and follow the fleynge.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. vi. 172 Turnus..evin betwix the helm can him arras And vmast roll or hem of his curas.1537 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. II. 352/2 The umest hous and duelling place of the land callit the Abbay ȝet.1566 in Ramsay Bamff Charters (1915) 103 Quhill it cum to the entres of the umest forkis of the burn.1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. Umist, S. upmost, uppermost.δ. c1800– in glossaries and texts (Kinc., Aberdeen, Moray, Caithness, etc.: Eng. Dial. Dict. at Eemost).

†2. Scottish. Of clothes: Uppermost, outermost; spec. applied to the coverlet of a bed, claimed by the priest as a perquisite on the death of a parishioner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > outerwear > [adjective]

umestc1400

uttermostc1471

upper1526

upperest1548

uppermost1548

utmost?1553

upmost1592

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > bedclothes > [adjective] > outer cover

umestc1400

c1400 Sc. Trojan War ii. 1932 Pallamydes..tuke of baith hois & schone, And syne his vmast clath.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 13 Wallace gert tak in haist thar humest weid.

1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3900 From this day furth, thay salbe cleane denudit Baith of cors-present, cow, and vmest claith.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 196 Preistis, tak na kyis, The vmest claith ȝe sall quyte clame.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 349 Thow gaif againe to the parochinaris the kow and the wmest cloth.

†3. Scottish. Most important or prominent. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > most important

mosteOE

foremostc1000

headOE

headlyOE

nexta1200

umest1513

primary1565

headest1577

ruling1590

forward1591

capital1597

of the first magnitude1643

palmary1646

top1647

prepondering1651

headmost1661

home1662

life-and-death1804

palmarian1815

bada1825

key1832

première1844

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 66 Lang war the iniuris, the dowtis lang to be tawld; Bot I the vmest of the mater sall hauld.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 284 The Earle of Angus become werie prude and insolent.., thinkand quho ewer had right to the autorietie he sould be vmest.

†B. n.

The top; the highest point.

ΚΠ

lOE Fifteen Days before Judgement (1917) 90 On þan oðren dæige, seo sæ besincð inn agean swa deope, þæt uneaðe man gesicð þæt ufemeste.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judg. (Bodl. 959) vi. 26 Þou shalt bulde an auter to þe lord..in þe ouemost [L summitate] of þis stoon.

a1400 Psalter (Egerton) ciii. 14 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 236 Fra ouemast his hilles [v.r. Hilles fra his ouemastes; a1400 Vesp. Fra his ouermastes hilles watrand, Of fruite ofe his werkes filled bes þe lande].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	umest
释义	umestadj.n. Forms: α. Old English ufemyst, yfemest, yfemesð, yfemyst, yfmest, Old English–early Middle English ufemest, uuemest, early Middle English huuemest, ufenmest uuemaste, uwemast, vuemest, (transmission error) vuenest, Middle English umast, vpmest, 1500s owmest, umest. β. Middle English homyste, omast, omest, ouemast, ouemaste, ouemest, ouemeste, ouemoste, ouenast, ovemast, ovemest, omyst, 1500s omost, omyste. Etymology: < Old English ufemest, superlative of ufera , -re , comparative (also yfera , yf(e)mest ), over adj.; < root uf- in ufan (adverb) above, from above, ufe-weard , uplying, top-, cognate with Gothic uf ‘beneath’, in combination ‘from beneath’, ‘up-’. For the later change to ove- , compare over adj. Compare later overmost adj.Old English forms in yf- show double mutation (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §203). The early Middle English form ufenmest (attested only in the Caligula MS of Laȝamon's Brut) is probably after an-ufene (see anoven adv. and prep.).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈumest. Scottish in later use. Now rare. A. adj. 1. Highest, upmost, uppermost, topmost. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > in highest position highestOE umestOE overesta1325 upperestc1374 overmosta1382 supremec1487 upmost1488 uppermostc1500 highermost1593 top1595 topmost1697 headmost1758 culminant1849 tip-topmost1937 α. OE Ælfric Genesis (Laud) xl. 17 On þam ufemystan windle wære manegra cynna gebæc. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) v. 44 On midne dæg bið seo sunne on ðam ufemestum ryne stigende. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 219 Þe huuemeste bou of þe treuwe springed of þe neþemeste rote... Alse þe uuemeste bou is sib þe neþemeste rote. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 328 Þeose cointe hearloz..hudeð hare hale clað & doð on, alre uuemest [a1250 Nero vuemeste; a1250 Titus uuemaste; a1300 Caius uwemast], fiterokes al totorene. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3033 Vp heo hine duden heȝe an ufen-meste þan turre. a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 575 Vp he ros..& steȝ to heuene vuenest [read vuemast], Ðer wuneð wið Fader & Holi Gast. β. c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 414 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 Eiȝte firmamenz..beoth, swuche ase we i-seoth; þe Ouemeste is þe riȝtte heouene in ȝwam þe steorrene beoth.a1350 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 66 Et sethe, an iij unchun, other more herre, other iiij holes acros, and so herre ant herre vorte thu come to the ovemoste ende, whether the vessal beo more other lasse.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 17^v Þis cercle is bituene þe forseid parties & is þe neþemest of þat on & ouemest of þat oþer.γ. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvii. 4652 Endlange þe wode war wayis twa: Þe erl in þe vmast lay of þa.c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 35 Therfor, yf þow wilt adde nombre to nombre, write the nombre wherto the addicioun shalle be made in the omest ordre by his differences, so that the first of the lower ordre be vndre the first of the omyst ordre, and so of others.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxiii. 94 The ground of the stomak js..mare forcy of degestioun na the humast part of the stomak.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 458 Atour a bray the omast [v.r. vpmest] pot gert fall, Brak on the ground.a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 107 Oure maner is to helpe ham that ben omyste [a1525 Trin. Dublin omost], and follow the fleynge.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. vi. 172 Turnus..evin betwix the helm can him arras And vmast roll or hem of his curas.1537 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. II. 352/2 The umest hous and duelling place of the land callit the Abbay ȝet.1566 in Ramsay Bamff Charters (1915) 103 Quhill it cum to the entres of the umest forkis of the burn.1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. Umist, S. upmost, uppermost.δ. c1800– in glossaries and texts (Kinc., Aberdeen, Moray, Caithness, etc.: Eng. Dial. Dict. at Eemost). †2. Scottish. Of clothes: Uppermost, outermost; spec. applied to the coverlet of a bed, claimed by the priest as a perquisite on the death of a parishioner. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > outerwear > [adjective] umestc1400 uttermostc1471 upper1526 upperest1548 uppermost1548 utmost?1553 upmost1592 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > bedclothes > [adjective] > outer cover umestc1400 c1400 Sc. Trojan War ii. 1932 Pallamydes..tuke of baith hois & schone, And syne his vmast clath. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 13 Wallace gert tak in haist thar humest weid. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3900 From this day furth, thay salbe cleane denudit Baith of cors-present, cow, and vmest claith. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 196 Preistis, tak na kyis, The vmest claith ȝe sall quyte clame. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 349 Thow gaif againe to the parochinaris the kow and the wmest cloth. †3. Scottish. Most important or prominent. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > most important mosteOE foremostc1000 headOE headlyOE nexta1200 umest1513 primary1565 headest1577 ruling1590 forward1591 capital1597 of the first magnitude1643 palmary1646 top1647 prepondering1651 headmost1661 home1662 life-and-death1804 palmarian1815 bada1825 key1832 première1844 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 66 Lang war the iniuris, the dowtis lang to be tawld; Bot I the vmest of the mater sall hauld. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 284 The Earle of Angus become werie prude and insolent.., thinkand quho ewer had right to the autorietie he sould be vmest. †B. n. The top; the highest point. ΚΠ lOE Fifteen Days before Judgement (1917) 90 On þan oðren dæige, seo sæ besincð inn agean swa deope, þæt uneaðe man gesicð þæt ufemeste. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judg. (Bodl. 959) vi. 26 Þou shalt bulde an auter to þe lord..in þe ouemost [L summitate] of þis stoon. a1400 Psalter (Egerton) ciii. 14 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 236 Fra ouemast his hilles [v.r. Hilles fra his ouemastes; a1400 Vesp. Fra his ouermastes hilles watrand, Of fruite ofe his werkes filled bes þe lande]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.OE
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