单词 | umbrella |
释义 | umbrellan. 1. a. A light portable screen or shade, usually circular in form and supported on a central stick or staff, used in hot countries as a protection for the head or person against the sun. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > parasol or protection against sun > [noun] fannell1555 umbrella1611 tiresol1613 parasol1660 chatta1796 sunshade1798 parasolette1842 en tout cas1874 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > an umbrella or parasol > specific for sun umbrel1603 shadow1604 umbrella1611 sunscreen1738 summerhead1797 sunshade1798 ombrelle1925 ombrellino1964 α. β. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ombrelle, an Vmbrello; a (fashion of) round and broad fanne, wherwith the Indians (and from them our great ones) preserue themselues from the heat of a scorching Sunne.a1621 W. Strachey True Reportory Wracke Sir T. Gates in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) IV. ix. vi. 1739 So broad are the leaves [of palms] as an Italian Vmbrello.1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo ii. 138 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Of the leaves they make sayles;..they make of them likewise Umbrelloes, Fans, Tents, Mats and Hats.1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xv. 407 The Chinese..when they walk abroad..carry a small Umbrello in their hands, wherewith they fence their heads from the Sun or the Rain.1697 Lady's Trav. Spain (1706) 249 He commanded them to bring Umbrellos to defend us from the Sun.1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. ii. xlii. 286 I observed that the Persians are not cautious..of the sun in any degree equal to the Portugueze; for the last seldom travel without a cloak and umbrello.1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote I. i. iv. 21 Six merchants of Toledo..who travelled with umbrelloes.γ. a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) v. i. 442 Then followes the Duke in his Robes,..a Scudiero carying his ombrella betweene him and the sunne.1710 C. Shadwell Fair Quaker of Deal iv. 40 Your Baubles of China, your Indian Ombrella, your Hair-Ring, and your own Picture.1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Lv Many of them doe carry other fine things.., which they commonly call in the Italian tongue vmbrellaes... These are made of leather something answerable to the forme of a little cannopy & hooped in the inside with diuers little wooden hoopes that extend the vmbrella in a prety large compasse. 1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master ii. i A very desperate man..coming near so bright a Sun as you are without a Parasol, Umbrellia, or a Bondgrace. 1695 P. Motteux tr. F. Pidou de St. Olon Present State Morocco 148 An Umbrella was carry'd over me, which in some manner defended me from the Heat of the Sun's Rays. 1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 14 Let Persian Dames th'Umbrella's Ribs display, To guard their Beauties from the sunny Ray. a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1742) I. i. iv. 18 They came with their umbrellas, and four servants on horse-back. 1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxxix. 479 The heat began so early in the day that, at six o'clock, we were obliged to use our umbrellas. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 341 The costume is very picturesque in this part of Tuscany, always excepting the monstrous yellow umbrella, which is part and parcel of it. 1860 R. W. Emerson Culture in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 133 In the city of Palermo, the street was in a blaze with scarlet umbrellas. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues II. 93 He sees the rich man under an umbrella puffing and panting. b. In some Asian and African countries used as a symbol of rank or state. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > specific keyOE sword?c1475 the seals?a1500 pillara1529 post1598 umbrella1653 akakia1731 α. β. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxxiv. 135 Then next to them marches twelve men on horsback, called Peretandas, each of them carrying an Umbrello of carnation Sattin.1678 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Indian Trav. ii. viii. 123 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. Upon each side of the Throne are plac'd two Parasols, or Umbrellos, the handles whereof are about eight foot high.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iv. xi. 431/2 Then 24 Vnbrello's richly adorned and them as carry them 2 and 2 together.1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 331 Women..attended him with Umbrello's,..and all the other Court Employments within Doors were all done by Women.1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator No. 18 (1748) III. 301 Twelve stout Indians carried a canopy of yellow and green silk, under which all the royal family walked:—the rest had umbrelloes, supported by their own particular slaves.1682 London Gaz. No. 1721/4 In the Evening he visited his Highness Prince Rupert, to whom he presented the two great Umbrella's. 1718 Entertainer No. 16. 109 To score out a Pattern of Umbrella's for the King of Bantam. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xxxvi. 45 King of the White Elephant, and of the twenty four Somereroes or Umbrellaes. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 201 Mandarines..accompanied with all the Officers of their Tribunal, who surround them with Umbrella's and other Marks of their Dignity. 1849 A. H. Layard Nineveh & Remains I. i. x. 337 He is attended by two eunuchs, one holding the umbrella, the other his quiver and mace. 1888 Times 30 Oct. 6/1 The Shereefian Umbrella does not pass necessarily from father to son. 2. A portable protection against bad weather, made of silk or similar material fastened on slender ribs, which are attached radially to a stick and can be readily raised so as to form a circular arched canopy. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > umbrella or protection against bad weather > [noun] umbrella1634 umbrell1816 mush1821 gingham1838 mushroom1839 roof1844 Gamp1855 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > an umbrella or parasol > specific for rain umbrella1634 parapluie1781 umbrell1816 bumbershoot1876 α. β. 16971 [see sense 1aβ. ]. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 197 A large Skin of Parchment..served him for a Night-cap when he went to Bed, and for an Umbrello in rainy Weather.1709 W. King Art of Love (new ed.) 99 I might have made you such a fellow, As should have carry'd my Umbrello, Or bore a flambeau by my chair.1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 32 An Umbrello, suspended by a Packthread tied to the Handle of it, became strongly Electrical.1732 Inventory Sir R. Sutton's Goods 7 Four Umbrellows.1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 149 A Shagg or Yopangee which riding serues [in Persia] as an Vmbrella against raine. 1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 14 Good houswives..underneath th'Umbrella's oily Shed, Safe thro' the wet on clinking Pattens tread. 1765 H. Walpole Let. to J. Chute 3 Oct. Servants..walk about the streets in the rain with umbrellas to avoid putting on their hats. 1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 291 If the weather be rainy, an insulated umbrella may be carried in one hand. 1833 P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 52 It poured with rain, and my umbrella broke all to pieces. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vi. 109 An Englishman walks in a pouring rain, swinging his closed umbrella like a walking-stick. 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. i. 34 She always carried her stout little umbrella, winter or summer. 3. Used in comparisons or similes, esp. with reference to shape. ΚΠ α. β. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 116. ⁋1 An engine of several legs, that could contract or open itself like the top of an umbrello.1740 L. Whyte Dissert. Fashions 66 Erst have I seen a little fellow, With Hat as large as Vmbrellow; It was the Mode for young and old.1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium ii. 15 Doues..Which..shall..like Vmbrellas with their feathers Sheeld you in all sorts of weathers. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iv. iv. 81 in Wks. II I saw i' the Court of Spaine once, A Lady fall i' the Kings sight, along. And there shee lay, flat spred, as an Vmbrella. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 99 Hats..With broad Brims sometimes like Umbrellas, And sometimes narrow as Punchinello's. 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World ii. 66 On this bank, or shoal, we saw great numbers of blubbers appearing, like the tops of umbrellas. 1726 J. Hobson Diary 8 Oct. in C. Jackson et al. Yorks. Diaries (1877) I. 258 Out of all..came pyramidicall streams of light,..forming such a figure as a ladies' umbrella. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 646 The florets diverging from the centre, spreading outwards and downwards like an umbrella. a. A means of shelter or protection. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 α. β. 1652 H. L'Estrange Americans No Iewes To Rdr. No other dedicatory Umbrello do I seek..to defend this work from the scorch of censure.1670 T. Philipot Antiq. Theologica. & Gentilis Ep. Ded. sig. A2 This Treatise implores your Patronage as an Umbrella to over-shadow it.1690 Secr. Hist. Chas. II & Jas. II 112 The popular gentlemen were only made use of as Umbrello's to shade the conspirators from the scorching heat of the people's discontent.1609 J. Donne Let. in Poems (1633) 365 We have an earthly cave, our bodies to go into by consideration, & coole our selves: and..wee have within us a torch, a soule, lighter and warmer then any without: we are therefore our owne umbrellas, and our owne Suns. a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iii. 23 Now you have got a shadow, an umbrella To keep the scorching worlds opinion From your faire credit. 1648 J. Raymond Itinerary Voy. Italy To Rdr. sig. A4 A weather beaten Traveller needs no such Umbrilla as a Patron to shroud under. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. ii. 89 I have been, perhaps, too long in exposing the Author for holding up an Umbrella to keep his Earl in a Shade. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [noun] > mask, cloak, disguise visor1390 scugc1485 cloak1526 visor1532 vizarda1555 mask1577 superficiesa1592 muffler1605 umbrella1623 misguise1646 travesty1732 iron mask1760 domino1836 vizarding1861 1623 H. Hexham Tongue-combat 80 Yorke, Patton, and Symple, with many others, who may haue Dispensations for their Oathes, and Vmbrilloes for their humours. 1653 Bp. J. Taylor Ενιαυτος: Course of Serm. i. vi. 77 We shall dishonour the sufferings of our blessed Saviour, if we make them to be a Umbrello to shelter our impious and ungodly living. 1658 F. Osborne Trad. Mem. Raigne Iames 45 in Hist. Mem. Reigns Elizabeth & Iames These brainsick fooles as..made Religion an Umbrella to impiety. 5. a. Anything serving as a protection or shelter from the sun, rain, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > an umbrella or parasol kittisol1588 sombrero1599 umbril1610 umbrella1654 roundel1676 rundle1678 rib1716 brolly1874 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 403 How do they lessen the stately wonders of the Eye, into Cottages (I may say Snaile-like Umbrellos) meer shades, and Dormitorys. 1674 C. F. Wit at Venture 38 Shroud the Sun, and let each tree To her a kind umbrella be. 1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 12 Nature kindly..Shelters it with the umbrella's of all sorts of Trees from pernicious Lakes. 1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 66 To skreen themselues from the sun, they haue no other way but to make a sort of Umbrella of their Handkerchief. 1840 R. H. Barham Witches' Frolic in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 166 The straggling yew, His leafy umbrella, was wet through and through; Rob was half dead with cold. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Feb. 2/2 Here and there a stone-pine with its great umbrella of dark foliage cast a more impenetrable shade. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > fittings or ornaments of windows > blind umbrella1688 chick1698 blind1730 sunblind1766 Venetian window-blind1769 sunshade1774 roller blind1780 Venetian blind1791 Venetian1816 jalousie1824 shutter-blind1833 jealousy1834 festoon blind1837 shade1869 roll-up1960 mini-blind1974 1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Dddd4/2 To have an Umbrello before his Window to keep off the Sun [Fr. un Paillasson]. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Umbrello,..a Wooden Frame cover'd with Cloth or Stuff, to keep off the Sun from a Window. 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 33 The Weather violently hot, the Umbrelloes were let down from behind the Windows, the Sashes open. c. A screen of fighter aircraft or a curtain of fire put up as protection against enemy aircraft. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > group or unit on operation > [noun] > force giving air cover air umbrella1941 umbrella1941 1941 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 14 May–8 July 138 They slink along from port to port under the protection of their air umbrella. 1942 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 18 Mar.–9 June 102 The task of a fleet working in confined waters is a most difficult one. It is eased if long-range fighters or aircraft-carriers..are available to provide a protective umbrella. 1945 Sun (Baltimore) 17 Mar. 2-0/5 The giant bombers of the United States 15th Air Force, continuing their methodical pounding of Germany's vital fuel sources, were escorted by an umbrella of fast American fighters. 1946 Sun (Baltimore) 26 June 8/3 Gun crews pumped deadly umbrellas of anti-aircraft fire above the harbor. 1967 Electronics 6 Mar. 73 (advt.) The Army's new Missile Mentors..now provide major U.S. cities with air defense umbrellas. 6. a. A structure resembling in shape an outspread umbrella, or serving for protection against something. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific shape > [noun] quadrangle1596 rotund1606 rotundo1614 camera1633 rotunda1648 tholosc1660 umbrella1680 octagon1767 round tower1790 cone1791 flat-iron1862 tetragon1884 tempietto1896 tetrapylon1904 igloo1956 shoebox1968 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > a statue or object > a structure umbrella1680 1680–4 T. Dingley Hist. from Marble (1867) I. p. xxxix The Umbrello in ye Bath was erected and leaded by Mr. Coo. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 125 Tho' at Cales they scap'ed our Guns, By strong wall'd umbrello. 1742 B. Langley Anc. Archit. Restored Pl. xxxi The work contains several designs for Umbrellos, by which term the author indicates a roofed structure with open sides to be placed at the termination of a walk in a garden. 1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. i. 51 A spire surmounted by a Tee or umbrella of open iron-work. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 266 Umbrella [= Bonnet, the overhead cover of a cage or swinging bont]. 1904 Daily Chron. 26 Oct. 4/5 It requires a pretty good umbrella of a trench to protect men from this death-shower. b. Anything which temporarily or permanently has the form of an umbrella. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > convexity > convex surface or body convex1626 umbrellac1770 shield1849 c1770 Art of Angling 48 in Ruddiman Coll. (1773) 277 But mine is not the glory to unfurl The net's umbrello, with Herculean whirl. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 66 The feathery-like points of the down..uniting together form a kind of umbrella inverted. 1866 E. C. Rye Brit. Beetles 225 The larvæ in this family have an ingenious but unpleasant habit of forming their excrement into an umbrella, as in Crioceris. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Mar. 11/1 The araucaria forests..fringing the tops of the hills..with delicate, long stilted umbrellas. c. A broad-brimmed hat. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > with a brim > broad-brimmed umbrel1688 umbrellaa1803 wind-cuttera1834 broad-brim1855 broad-brimmer1860 sundown1870 a1803 C. L. Lewes in Mem. (1805) I. 25 A large slouched beaver umbrella, that wanted only a crape hatband to sanctify it for a funeral. d. U.S. Military slang. A parachute. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > parachute > [noun] parachute1784 chute1920 umbrella1933 brolly1934 1933 C. K. Stewart Speech Amer. Airman 99 Umbrella, parachute. 1980 J. Ditton Copley's Hunch ii. i. 117 It takes ages to come down on an umbrella... Then you have to get rid of the chute. 7. a. Botany. A part of a plant resembling an outspread umbrella. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [noun] > parts of specific shape finger?a1425 saucer1578 umbrella1658 neck1673 discus1687 cord1776 wing1776 starlet1787 ribbon1854 rat-tail1871 peltation1881 rod1884 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 124 Elegant clusters of Dragons..with an umbrella or skreening Leaf about them. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 6 The Flowers grow in Umbrellos on the Tops of the thick Branches. 1809 Naval Chron. 22 493 The cap of a mushroom, which M. P...names umbrella. b. Zoology. The gelatinous disk or bell-shaped structure of a jellyfish. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Acalepha > member of (jelly-fish) > parts of > umbrella umbrella1834 1834 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom XII. 482 Medusa have a disk more or less convex above, similar to the head of a mushroom, and to which the name of umbrella has been given. 1861 J. R. Greene Man. Animal Kingdom II. 38 In the umbrella of the Lucernaridæ, both vesicles and pigment-spots seem to become united into a single organ. 1881 E. R. Lankester in Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. Jan. 122 The manubrium of Limnocodium is a somewhat quadrangular tube, which depends during life below the margin of the umbrella. c. Conchology. A limpet-like gastropod of the genus Umbrella; also the part of the shell resembling an open umbrella. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Opisthobranchiata > suborder Tectibranchiata > order Inferobranchiata > member of Pleurobranchidae (umbrella) umbrella1841 1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 217/2 Umbrella with a flattened shell; the disk of the lower surface not radiated. 1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 230 The shell..entirely covers the animal; which..can move its long neck freely under its large umbrella. 1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 234 The Umbrellas are very large creatures, wearing a flat limpet on the middle of the back. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elder > [noun] eldera700 bourtreec1450 white umbrella1658 parsley-leaved elder1731 Judas tree1886 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 125 The white umbrella or medicall bush of Elder, is an Epitome of this order. 9. Authority, protection, means of defence; controlling or unifying agency. Frequently in under the umbrella and variants. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > afforded by a specific person or thing umberc1380 bannerc1400 safeguard1466 human shield1885 umbrella1948 society > authority > control > [noun] > charge > unifying agency umbrella1948 1948 Hansard Commons 22 Jan. 388 Giving the smaller Powers a chance to evolve, under the umbrella of the Four Powers. 1949 Hansard Commons 24 May 1213 I am not taking away from the occupants of these flats the umbrella which the law intends to give them. 1952 Sun (Baltimore) 15 Feb. (B ed.) 2/6 The big broad budgetary umbrella under which all manner of wasteful sin is committed. 1958 Economist 25 Oct. 297/2 The political division of Germany may become once more a looming casus belli, to be contested by the conventional forces that can regain their freedom of action under the atomic umbrella. 1962 H. O. Beecheno Introd. Business Stud. xi. 93 What they have done is to bring all the operations, or most of them, under the umbrella of one firm and cut out various ‘middlemen’ as separate concerns. 1965 Listener 1 July 7/2 Europe seems unenthusiastic to exchange the American nuclear umbrella for a French one. 1973 E. Bullins Theme is Blackness 7 Theater workers and institutions that presently work from under the Black umbrella. 1976 Howard Jrnl. 15 i. 55 Many of the former approved schools continue in their former practices, albeit under a new umbrella. 1983 Listener 12 May 5/3 The harsh truth is that Sweden is not under the NATO umbrella. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. (a) umbrella-bearer n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > umbrella-bearer umbrella-bearer1852 1852 Bonomi Nineveh & Palaces (1853) 176 The king..is accompanied by his charioteer and umbrella-bearer. 1891 S. Kinns Graven in Rock xvi. 599 In the left hand of the umbrella-bearer is an object like a fan or fly-trap. umbrella-case n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > case or container > [noun] > for other specific articles stone-case1664 pewter-case1679 notecase1805 cardholder1821 umbrella-case1850 button holder1864 card carrier1901 jewel case1986 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xviii. 179 His dispatch-boxes and umbrella-cases, his guide-books, passports, maps, and other elaborate necessaries of the English traveller. umbrella-cover n. umbrella covering n. ΚΠ 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 723/1 In 1848 William Sangster patented the use of alpaca as an umbrella covering material. umbrella frame n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > an umbrella or parasol > frame of umbrella frame1837 1837 L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. II. 829 Umbrella frames of the usual construction. umbrella-maker n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other articles > [noun] > maker or mender of umbrellas umbrella-maker1793 umbrella-mender1846 1793 Matthews's New Bristol Directory 1793–4 10 Ashbury, William, Umbrella-maker, Hope-square, Hotwells. 1813 Examiner 31 May 350/2 She has given ‘mirth’ to nobody except it be the ducks and the umbrella-makers. 1884 Harper's Mag. Feb. 375/1 An umbrella-maker had established his open-air shop. umbrella-mender n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other articles > [noun] > maker or mender of umbrellas umbrella-maker1793 umbrella-mender1846 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) iii. 16 The summer sun..came with the water-carts and the old clothes-men,..and the umbrella mender. umbrella-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 387 Capsule cylindrical, sitting on a hollow nearly globular or umbrella-shaped receptacle. 1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 298 The pileus or cap is the conical or umbrella-shaped organ that surmounts the stipe of the Agarics. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. ix. 239 The umbrella-shaped body of this animal. umbrella-silk n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > for specific uses samite?a1366 marceline1835 merv1887 umbrella-silk1888 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 723/1 Umbrella silk is principally made at Lyons and Crefeld. umbrella-stand n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > other stands boot-rack1837 umbrella-stand1837 watch-stand1858 pot stand1868 wig-stand1883 tie rack1916 patio stand1969 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiv. 378 A mahogany umbrella stand. 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 6061 Fenders, fire-irons, hat and umbrella stands. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist xxv He stepped to the umbrella-stand. There was then a general question whether Clara had taken her umbrella. umbrella-stick n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2679/1 In preparing an ordinary umbrella-stick, it passes through 19 separate processes or movements. umbrella-topped adj. ΚΠ 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xi. 250 Some friendly grove of umbrella-topped mimosas. umbrella-trade n. ΚΠ 1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 446/1 The umbrella trade arose from the demand for the brass furniture of these useful contrivances. (b) umbrella-wise adv. ΚΠ 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Elder-Tree Its Flowers grow somewhat like Roses at the Tops of the Branches Umbrella or Parasole-wise. (c) (In sense 5c.) umbrella barrage n. ΚΠ 1944 T. H. Wisdom Triumph over Tunisia 134 There was..an intense umbrella barrage over the two Tunisian ports. (d) (In sense 9.) umbrella basis n. ΚΠ 1961 Wall St. Jrnl. 30 Nov. 19/3 Companies with assembly plants, warehouses and other properties in 15 countries, for example, are realizing it is to their advantage to write insurance on an ‘umbrella’ basis. umbrella policy n. ΚΠ 1963 Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 21/6 Miss Hawkes said that CND's ‘umbrella policy’ of accepting any group simply because it had pacifist aims, was not acceptable to her. b. In names of plants or trees, denoting ‘shaped like, resembling, an umbrella’. umbrella acacia n. ΚΠ 1882 Garden 11 Mar. 166/3 The Umbrella Acacia..forms a dense globular head, which is certainly very conspicuous. umbrella bush n. ΚΠ 1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 363 Acacia Oswaldi,..often called Umbrella Bush, as it is a capital shade-tree. umbrella fern n. ΚΠ 1882 T. H. Potts Out in Open 53 There Cunningham's Gleichenia grows marvellously robust, its stiff many-branched fronds rise, tier above tier, in curved fan-like form—which habit, doubtless, induced settlers to call this species the ‘umbrella fern’. 1959 A. H. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 30 Where the forest has been cleared and burnt, the resulting cover is all too often low scrub, rushes, and umbrella fern. umbrella-fir n. ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 247/2 Sciadopitys, Umbrella-, or Parasol-, Pine or Fir. umbrella grass n. ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 58/1 Umbrella Grass. Fuirena squarrosa and Panicum decompositum. 1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 487/1 It is called Umbrella-grass, from the shape of the branches at the top of the stem representing the ribs of an open umbrella. umbrella leaf n. ΚΠ 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 412/1 The only species, Diphylleia cymosa, a native of Japan, and of the southern United States, is there called the Umbrella Leaf. umbrella palm n. ΚΠ 1798 P. A. Nemnich Allgemeines Polyglotten-Lex. II. 928 Umbrella palm. Corypha umbraculifera. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 210/1 Kentia Canterburyana, Umbrella Palm. umbrella-pine n. ΚΠ 1873 W. B. Hemsley Handbk. Hardy Trees 435 Sciadopitys verticillata, Umbrella-Pine. A large evergreen tree from 50 to 150 feet high. 1893 G. Allen Scallywag I. 141 Among the rosemary bushes and the scanty umbrella-pines. umbrella-plant n. ΚΠ 1874 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. (rev. ed.) Suppl. 1350/1 Umbrella-plant, Saxifraga peltata. umbrella-wort n. ΚΠ 1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 36 (heading) Calymenia. Umbrella-Wort. 1852 G. W. Johnson Cottage Gardeners' Dict. 671/2 Oxybaphus, Umbrella-wort. c. In names of birds, etc. umbrella-ant n. ΚΠ 1883 W. Farren White Ants vi. 61 In some ant colonies more than two distinct forms of workers are found. I may instance the Sauba, or Umbrella ant of Brazil. 1891 Cent. Dict. Umbrella-ant, a parasol-ant or leaf-carrying ant. umbrella-bird n. ΚΠ 1850 A. R. Wallace in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1851) 8 429 The Umbrella Bird is about the size of a crow. 1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons II. iv. 283 The rare and curious Umbrella bird (Cephalopterus ornatus)..decorated with a crest of long, curved, hairy feathers having long bare quills, which, when raised, spread themselves out in the form of a fringed sun-shade over the head. umbrella chatterer n. ΚΠ 1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons II. vi. 387 Birds and monkeys, in this glorious forest were very abundant..the Umbrella Chatterer and Curl-crested Toucans amongst the most beautiful of the birds. umbrella shell n. ΚΠ 1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860. 234 Family Umbrellidæ. (Chinese Umbrella Shells.) 1881 Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 226 The ‘Chinese Umbrella-shell’ has a small depressed Limpet-like shell, marked by concentric lines of growth. umbrella snake n. ΚΠ 1904 Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 2/3 The natives call it Mtaba, or the umbrella snake. C2. umbrella aerial n. an aerial in which the wires are arranged like the ribs of an umbrella. ΚΠ 1913 Wireless World Apr. p. xxv/2 The aerial wires are arranged to act as stays for the mast, forming what is known as an ‘umbrella’ aerial. 1926 R. W. Hutchinson First Course Wireless 163 Another type of aerial is the umbrella type. umbrella bridge n. a temporary raised traffic lane with ramp approaches, in use while building work is conducted below. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > part where vehicles run > part wide enough for one vehicle > temporary raised lane umbrella bridge1962 1962 Daily Tel. 14 Sept. 15/7 Supports will be sunk to take a steel ‘umbrella’ road bridge while the Oxford Circus underground station is rebuilt. 1973 Times 24 Mar. 2/8 A temporary ‘umbrella’ bridge is to be erected in the Charring Cross railway station forecourt. umbrella defence n. in American football, an alignment of the backs resembling the shape of an open umbrella. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > formations T-formation1930 umbrella defence1950 pocket1955 shotgun formation1967 O-line1971 wishbone1972 1950 Sun (Baltimore) 23 Oct. 17/3 An umbrella backfield defense..had no special name. It was..a formation to provide width and depth for pass defence. It has the general shape of an umbrella. 1972 J. Mosedale Football x. 145 Owen installed what was called ‘the umbrella defense’, so-called because the alignment of the defensive backfield resembled an open umbrella. umbrella field n. Cricket an arrangement of close fieldsmen (esp. in the slips) spread in a cordon about the batter. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > [noun] > arrangement of field umbrella field1954 1954 K. R. Miller & R. S. Whitington Gods or Flannelled Fools? vi. 225 Hassett had been loath to set the..‘Umbrella’ field..with eight men stationed in an inner arc behind the batsman from backward point to square-leg. 1963 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 21 Nov. 17/1 The conversation..consisted of snippets like..‘in an umbrella field’. umbrella gingham n. gingham employed for covering umbrellas. ΚΠ 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 72/2 Umbrella ginghams have remained steady for some time. umbrella hat n. a hat similar in size or shape to an umbrella. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > other cap (also hat) of maintenancec1475 hat1483 wishing-hat1600 cockle hat1603 porringer1623 poke1632 custard-cap1649 bonnet1675 muff-box1678 Caroline1687 Quaker1778 meat safe1782 balloon hat1784 gypsy hat1785 cabriolet1797 gypsy bonnet1803 Gypsy1806 Wellington hat1809 fan-tail-hat1810 umbrella hat1817 radical1828 caubeen1831 topi1835 montera1838 Petersham1845 squash hat1860 Moab1864 kiddy1865 flap-hat1866 Dolly Varden1872 brush-hata1877 potae1881 Pope's-hat1886 plateau1890 kelly1915 push-back1920 kiss-me-quick hat1963 pakul1982 tinfoil hat1982 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1907) II. 150 Dutch women with large umbrella hats shooting out half a yard before them. umbrella-lamp n. a lamp having an umbrella-like shade. ΚΠ 1893 K. D. Wiggin Polly Oliver i. 16 There was an umbrella-lamp bestowed by a boarder whom Mrs. Oliver had nursed through typhoid fever. umbrella man n. (a) one who mends or sells umbrellas; (b) a street-vendor who displays his wares in an inverted open umbrella. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > street vendor costermonger?1518 street vendor1840 street trader1845 coster1851 handseller1851 patterer1851 umbrella man1851 gutter-man1892 dragger1896 gutter-merchant1896 pitcher1896 pitchman1914 pitchwoman1927 barrow boy1939 fly-pitcher1965 mama put1979 society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > sellers of other specific things soaper?c1225 oilman1275 smear-monger1297 upholder1333 basket-seller?1518 broom-seller?1518 upholster1554 rod-woman1602 starchwoman1604 pin manc1680 colour seller1685 potato-woman1697 printseller1700 rag-seller1700 Greenwich barber1785 sandboy1821 iceman1834 umbrella man1851 fly-boy1861 snuff-boxera1871 pedlar1872 snake-boy1873 bric-a-brac man1876 tinwoman1884 resurrectionist1888 butch1891 paanwallah1955 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 303/1 I learned from one ‘umbrella man’ that, six or seven years previously, he used to sell more portraits of ‘Mr. Edmund Kean, as Richard III.’, than of anything else. 1889 Belgravia Sept. 333 The umbrella-man..stopped beside a stile and put down his bundle of umbrellas. umbrella organization n. an organization which represents and protects separate member bodies. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization invisible college1647 rota1660 working party1744 free association1761 working committee1821 Ethical Society1822 bar association1824 league1846 congress1870 tiger1874 cult1875 Daughters of the American Revolution1890 community group1892 housing association1898 working party1902 development agency1910 affinity group1915 propaganda machine1916 funding body1922 collective1925 Ku-Klux1930 network1946 NGO1946 production brigade1950 umbrella organization1950 plantation1956 think-tank1958 think group1961 team1990 1950 Times 8 May 2/7 The domestic poultry-keepers could also win independence, and it is doubtful whether either group needs an ‘umbrella’ organization set up at the Ministry of Agriculture. 1983 Out of Town Dec. 17/1 They [sc. naturalist rectors] showed an equally native disposition to flourish best as part of an amiable, protective institution. Today the bbc has replaced the Church as the umbrella organisation. umbrella print-seller n. = umbrella man n. (b). ΚΠ 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 303/2 Sometimes, too, an ‘umbrella print-seller’ will have a few ‘pictures in frames’, on a sort of stand alongside the umbrella. umbrella roof n. an arched roof resembling an umbrella. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > types of roof generally vaulta1387 plat-roofa1425 pend1454 faunsere1460 compassed roofa1552 terrace1572 sotie1578 crown1588 arch-roof1594 arch1609 under-roof1611 concameration1644 voltoa1660 hip roof1663 French roof1669 oversail1673 jerkinhead1703 mansard1704 curb-roof1733 shed roof1736 gable roof1759 gambrel roof1761 living roof1792 pent roof1794 span-roof1823 wagon-head1823 azotea1824 rafter roof1825 rooflet1825 wagon-vault1835 bell-roof1842 spire-roof1842 cradle-roof1845 packsaddle roof1845 open roof1847 umbrella roof1847 gambrel1848 packsaddle1848 compass-roof1849 saddleback1849 saddle roof1850 curbed roof1866 wagon-roof1866 saw-tooth roof1900 trough roof1905 skillion roof1911 north-light roof1923 shell roof1954 green roof1984 knee-roof- 1847 J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller Anc. Art §106 (1850) 74 The Odeion also, a smaller theatre with an umbrella roof, received its form at Athens. umbrella sail n. a sail constructed partly on the principle of an umbrella. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > other sails fuk1465 tilt-sail1620 wing-sail1794 umbrella sail1900 1900 Pearson's Mag. Aug. 143 The umbrella sail can be set or furled in a minute; it does not close up as does an umbrella, but each side shuts up like a fan. umbrella tent n. a tent made on the umbrella principle. ΚΠ 1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 15 Sept. Index p. lxxv Umbrella Tents. 1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 15 Sept. 449 The Umbrella Garden Tent with Sloping Walls. umbrella type n. used (frequently, with hyphen, attributive) to denote any structure which resembles (part of) an umbrella in shape. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > like a vault or dome vault1530 cope1667 dome1726 umbrella type1913 1913 Wireless World June 210/1 M. V...asks..whether the ‘umbrella type’ of aerial would be most suitable, or whether the use of another mast, 10 feet high,..would improve matters. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 876/1 Umbrella-type alternator.., a vertical-shaft alternator,..in which the field system is overhung and revolves around the stationary armature. 1962 Daily Tel. 4 Dec. 15/3 An open market..has been replaced by a modern covered market. It has an attractive umbrella-type roof. 1963 Guardian 27 Feb. 5/2 Why on a semisports car should the handbrake be of the ‘umbrella’ type? 1971 Jamaican Weekly Gleaner 17 Nov. 9/1 The promenade..would contain umbrella type shops and stalls to accommodate the present proliferation of peddlers. umbrella warping n. Nautical (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > other equipment rack1691 ice hook1694 searcher1775 fumigation-lamp1815 mete-stick1815 boat axe1820 devil's claw1833 telegraph1842 boat slide1854 anchor ball1858 umbrella warping1867 anchor ball1942 coffee grinder1952 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 705 Umbrella-warping, a contrivance similar to an umbrella, by which ships in a calm can be warped ahead. C3. attributive passing into adj. Of words, names, etc.: covering a number of meanings or associated terms; general, catch-all. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adjective] > inclusive or comprehensive largea1400 wide1534 capable1592 inclusive1604 comprehensive1614 all-comprehensive1650 complexive1654 diffused1658 comprehensional1673 perileptic1678 all-encompassing1805 unexcluding1822 widish1845 all-embracing1847 unexclusive1852 all-inclusive1858 broad1872 embracive1897 periscopic1912 wide-angle1932 umbrella1949 1949 G. Ryle Concept of Mind vi. 198 The range of higher order acts and attitudes, which are apt to be inadequately covered by the umbrella-title ‘self-consciousness’. 1957 Listener 8 Aug. 201/1 Cancer is one of the umbrella words. It covers a number of disease conditions. 1974 Country Life 5 Dec. 1723/1 The numerous [Ilex] hybrids which are gathered beneath the umbrella name of I. × altaclarensis. 1977 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Apr. 530/3 Any one of half a dozen umbrella titles would equally well match the variety of the contents of this military miscellany, War and Society. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1609 |
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