umbraladj.

Brit.

/ˈʌmbr(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈəmbrəl/

Etymology: < umbra n.¹ + -al suffix¹.

1. Algebra. Based on the use of umbræ in notation; consisting of umbræ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [adjective] > of symbols

umbral1851

semaphoretic1853

signaletic1853

1851 J. J. Sylvester in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 1 297 My system of umbral or biliteral notation.

1852 Sylvester in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. VII. 78 (note) The umbral method of denoting such a function.

1893 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1897) XIII. 306 It does not appear that there is any monomial umbral expression for the last-mentioned form.

2. Astronomy. Pertaining to the umbra of sun-spots or eclipses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sun > solar activity > [adjective] > facula > sunspot

umbral1877

1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) 7 (note) The umbral structure [of a sun-spot] is quite complex, and made up of sunken banks of ‘filaments’.

1879 S. Newcomb & E. S. Holden Astron. for Schools & Coll. 286 The observations consisted in measuring the relative amounts of umbral, penumbral, and photospheric radiation.

1885 A. M. Clerke Pop. Hist. Astron. 201 Vapours which are dispersed over the unbroken solar surface are accumulated in the umbral cavity.

3. Geology. The special designation of a series of rocks occurring in Pennsylvania.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > others spec.

phaneritea1857

umbral1858

Menevian1865

Ozarkian1909

1858 H. D. Rogers Geol. Pennsylvania I. 144 The Umbral Series contains, in Pennsylvania, but one formation—the Umbral Red Shale... Its prevailing character, which is that of a dark-brownish red shale and red sandstone, it steadily maintains throughout its range.

Derivatives

ˈumbrally adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [adverb]

umbrally1852

1852 Sylvester in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. VII. 87 Express H umbrally under the form [etc.].

1853 Sylvester in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 429 The determinants thus umbrally represented.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	umbral
释义	umbraladj. Brit. /ˈʌmbr(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈəmbrəl/ Etymology: < umbra n.¹ + -al suffix¹. 1. Algebra. Based on the use of umbræ in notation; consisting of umbræ. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [adjective] > of symbols umbral1851 semaphoretic1853 signaletic1853 1851 J. J. Sylvester in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 1 297 My system of umbral or biliteral notation. 1852 Sylvester in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. VII. 78 (note) The umbral method of denoting such a function. 1893 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1897) XIII. 306 It does not appear that there is any monomial umbral expression for the last-mentioned form. 2. Astronomy. Pertaining to the umbra of sun-spots or eclipses. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sun > solar activity > [adjective] > facula > sunspot umbral1877 1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) 7 (note) The umbral structure [of a sun-spot] is quite complex, and made up of sunken banks of ‘filaments’. 1879 S. Newcomb & E. S. Holden Astron. for Schools & Coll. 286 The observations consisted in measuring the relative amounts of umbral, penumbral, and photospheric radiation. 1885 A. M. Clerke Pop. Hist. Astron. 201 Vapours which are dispersed over the unbroken solar surface are accumulated in the umbral cavity. 3. Geology. The special designation of a series of rocks occurring in Pennsylvania. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > others spec. phaneritea1857 umbral1858 Menevian1865 Ozarkian1909 1858 H. D. Rogers Geol. Pennsylvania I. 144 The Umbral Series contains, in Pennsylvania, but one formation—the Umbral Red Shale... Its prevailing character, which is that of a dark-brownish red shale and red sandstone, it steadily maintains throughout its range. Derivatives ˈumbrally adv. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [adverb] umbrally1852 1852 Sylvester in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. VII. 87 Express H umbrally under the form [etc.]. 1853 Sylvester in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 429 The determinants thus umbrally represented. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1851
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