bruisen.

Brit.

/bruːz/, U.S.

/bruz/

Forms: see bruise v.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bruise v.

Etymology: < bruise v. Compare earlier bruising n., and also earlier brusure n.

†1. A break, a breach. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach

chinec888

bruche?a1300

crevice1382

scar1390

scorec1400

rimea1425

riftc1425

riving1440

creekc1480

brack1524

rive1527

bruise1530

crack1530

chink1545

chap1553

riff1577

chop1578

chinker1581

coane1584

fraction1587

cranice1603

slifter1607

fracture1641

shake1651

snap1891

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 201/2 Brosyng or broose, briseure.

c1616 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lx In eschewing of bloodshedding and bruses of the Kings peace.

a. An area of bluish or purplish discoloration resulting from bleeding beneath the skin, typically occurring after impact with a blunt object; (also) such an area occurring beneath the surface of an internal organ (rare). In early use also: †any injury resulting from battering or crushing, esp. with a blunt weapon or projectile (obsolete). Cf. earlier brusure n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise

brusurea1375

frousshure1477

bruise1533

wan1533

battering1558

squat1578

intuse1590

battery1594

crush1601

contusiona1616

sugillation1623

mishanter1754

stone bruise1805

rainbow1810

birze1818

pound1862

strawberry1921

1533 Fabyans Cronycle (new ed.) I. vi. clxx. f. xcviii^v/1 Whyche many-folde aduersytyes and troubles synkynge in the kynges mynde, wyth brose [1516 broser] or hurte ensuying of the wounde before taken at y^e batayll besyde Merton, shortened his dayes.

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Fij, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Yf in the parties rounde about y^e vlcere there is eyther bruse, phlegmon, or other tumour.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxx This impediment [sc. crokydnes of the backe] doth come either by nature or by some humour or sicknes or els of some brose or a strype, or such lyke thynges.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C7 All his wounds, and all his bruses guarisht.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 420 Wounds are most commonly made with sharpe or piercing weapons, and bruses with blunt weapons.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 135 One arm'd with Metal, th' other Wood; This fit for bruise, and that for bloud.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 223. ¶4 The Bruises which they often received in their Fall.

1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. xxiii. 263 The effused blood must have time, as in common vibices or bruises, to undergo a chemico-animal process.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 208 His costly gift, Hard-won and hardly won with bruise and blow.

1884 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 10 Apr. 342/1 There was a superficial bruise of the liver two and half inches in diameter.

1899 E. Phillpotts Human Boy 108 There were bottles of stuff to rub bruises with..and some muck for his eye.

1947 T. Williams Streetcar named Desire v. 87 Steve comes down nursing a bruise on his forehead.

1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 11 Nov. 16/5 A Southampton lorry driver suffered only cuts and bruises last night when his lorry ploughed through a bridge and plunged 15 feet into a field.

2014 P. Earle Bubble Wrap Boy xii. 61 He rolled up his sleeve to reveal a bruise that matched any of mine.

b. A dent, abrasion, or other sign of damage on the surface of metal, stone, wood, etc., produced by impact.

ΚΠ

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cv. 388 Any bruise either vpon cogle stone, flint, or such like.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World iii. xliv. §18. 226/2 He..threw it with that force against the floor that the solidest metal would have received some damage or bruise thereby.

1701 Syst. Geogr. i. 11/1 The seams and little bruises that are on a handball, otherwise perfectly round.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Bolts Fender-Bolts..are struck into the uttermost Bends or Wales of a Ship to save her Sides from Bruises and Hurts.

1816 Trans. Geol. Soc. 3 111 The bruise which so often takes place in marble at the point where the chisel stops, an effect known to sculptors by the technical term stunning, and of which the result is a disagreeable opake white mark.

1838 E. Copley My Mother's Stories 82 She still speaks with pleasure of the silver spoons without a bruise, and the mahogany chairs without a chip, after thirty years' service.

1892 Engin. News 26 Mar. 300/2 A scratch, a bruise or an incipient crack too fine to be seen may extend and develop and under vibratory strain may finally cause fracture.

1913 Mod. Painter (Chicago) May 43/1 It is doubtful if the wood is as serviceable as white pine, it being very soft, exceedingly light in weight, and readily takes a dent or bruise.

1993 Art Q. Winter 46/2 They [sc. silver objects] are generally easy to restore when they suffer minor abrasions or dents, known in the trade as ‘bruises’.

c. A discoloration on or near the surface of a fruit, vegetable, or plant, indicating damage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > damaged or injured part

breach1608

wrack1610

bruise1670

1670 J. Evelyn Pomona viii. 24 The Branches are to be lopp'd in proportion to the bruises of the Roots, whose fibres else should only be quickned, not altogether cut off nor intangled.

1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 417 From your Fruit Trees cut of all Bruises, Gums, Stubs of dead Wood and Cankered Places.

1792 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) III. 384 Pileus..nearly flat..thin at the edge, turning watery on the least bruise.

1805 R. Shannon Pract. Treat. Brewing 80 If any of your fruit happen to be broken, lay them by themselves, an ordinary bruise not much injuring the fruit; but where the skin is broken, the spirits exhale, for the bruises beget a fermentation.

1893 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 83 Bruises of the pulp and breaks in the skin expose the soft, highly decomposable flesh to the ‘seeds’ of decay.

1934 Motor Boating Jan. 82/1 A bruise too slight for any but the expert eye to detect will become a rotting banana capable of infecting stems for many feet around.

1961 Pop. Mech. Feb. 242/2 Some of his potatoes showed bad bruises after being in storage, and others did not.

2005 T. Umrigar Space between Us (2007) viii. 98 She looks over the purple brinjals and screws up her nose at the bruises on them.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive, as bruise mark, bruise prevention, etc.

ΚΠ

1778 London Pract. Physic (ed. 3) 319 Purple, yellow, or livid spots on the skin, not rising above the surface, greatly resembling bruise marks.

1870 Lancet 22 Jan. 113/2 Surface of leg to the middle of calf of a dusky ‘bruise’ colour.

1918 Hospital 2 Nov. 90/2 This game causes them many bruises on the shins, and one would sometimes see..them..hopping and limping to the..hospital for some ‘bruise medicine’.

1982 NS 7 27 The high degree of technological development..in controlling diseases, fruit conservation, rot and bruise prevention, etc. must..be emphasized.

2015 C. Ellis Prepper's Nat. Med. iv. 87 Hyssop..is also effective as a topical analgesic and bruise treatment.

b. Similative. With colour words, forming adjectives and nouns, as bruise-black, bruise-blue, bruise-purple, (with reference to the colour of a fading bruise) bruise-yellow, etc.

ΚΠ

1867 S. Lanier Tiger-lilies vii. 47 The cloud gradually darkened from glowing red to a bruise-purple.

1938 Washington Post 30 Oct. (Parade of Youth section) viii. 7/5 He saw a slim face that once had been white but which now was bruise-blue.

1957 L. Durrell Bitter Lemons 103 The Abbey..lies below anchored against the side of the cliff, bruise-grey.

1977 New Poetry No. 3. 222 The cruel black bird..blotting the light of day out with his bruise-black wings.

1991 J. E. Hardy in J. E. Hardy et al. Perfect Pitch 137 She is wearing a peppermint, white and bruise-yellow cotton dress.

2015 L. Barnett Versions of Us ii. 52 She smokes, watching the river, the lights, the bruise-purple sky.

C2.

bruise-coloured adj. having or resembling any of the various colours of bruised skin; esp. purplish, bluish.

ΚΠ

1842 Sporting Rev. Apr. 255 Let your hunting clergymen..be practisers, as well as preachers, of a goodly text..and their blushing congregations, and bruise-coloured partisans..think more calmly.

1914 G. Cannan Old Mole v. 276 He sat gazing out into the night, at..the bruise-colored glow of the sky.

1961 B. L. Brammer Gay Place i. i. 4 The land rises steeply.., all of it warped and ruptured and bruise-colored.

2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 July l. 6/6 Plants in..bruise-coloured tones of burgundy, almost-black purple, and..blackened pink.

bruise root n. chiefly English regional (southern) (now historical and rare) the sea poppy (or yellow horned poppy), Glaucium flavum, (formerly) used as a remedy for bruises.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > daisy

daisyc1000

bruisewortOE

primerolea1350

Margaretc1425

gowan1570

primrose1579

marguerite1605

bruise root1698

dog daisy1821

ewe-flower1825

marguerite1847

1698 J. Newton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 263 Between Pensants and Marketjew, on the Sandy Shoar, there growing abundance of Papaver Corniculatum Luteum, or Horned Poppy, with a Yellow Flower, vulgarly called in Hampshire and Dorsetshire, Squatmore, or Bruseroot, (as I was there informed) where they use it against Bruises external and internal.

1730 S. Dale Taylor's Hist. & Antiq. Harwich App. 368 In some Places this [sc. Yellow Horned-Poppy] is called Bruise-Root, and it is used there for Bruises.

1830 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. II. 207 The Ch[elidonium] glaucium, L. (Horn poppy, Bruiseroot) found on the sea shore of Virginia by Schoepf, has a similar yellow juice.

1983 R. Freethy Naturalist's Guide Brit. Coastline 86 The plant was locally known as ‘bruise root’.., and also as ‘squat’ or ‘squatmore’.

Derivatives

bruiselike adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > bruised > like a bruise

bruiselike1786

bruisy1851

1786 R. White Present Pract. Surg. 173 It leaves a discolouration round the part, which at first assumes a blueish hue, then changes to a bruise-like appearance.

1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 908/1 The bruise-like swelling.

1950 Life 29 Aug. 17/2 There was a bruiselike mark clearly noticeable behind and below Francis Powers' left jaw... ‘It's a birthmark,’ Powers said.

1990 Washington Post 12 July (Washington Home section) 23/1 A fully ripe tomato at its peak..is free of cracks and soft, bruiselike spots.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bruisev.

Brit.

/bruːz/, U.S.

/bruz/

Forms:

α. Old English brisde (past tense, in prefixed forms), Old English brysan, Old English brysdde (past participle, plural, probably transmission error), Old English brysde (past tense, in prefixed forms), Old English brysede (past tense, in prefixed forms), Old English brysian (in prefixed forms), Middle English bris, Middle English brisen, Middle English brysse, Middle English–1500s brise, Middle English–1500s brisse, Middle English–1500s bryse; Scottish pre-1700 briz, pre-1700 brys, pre-1700 bryz, pre-1700 1700s bris, 1700s briss, 1700s 1900s brise, 1800s– brize, 1800s– brizz. OE Judgement Day II 49 Ne mid swiðran his swyþe nele brysan [L. infringere] wan hydig gemod [read wanhydige mod] wealdend engla.OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 126 Ac þu min ege ut astunge and ealle mine ban tobrisdest and minne broþor acwealdest.] a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 61 He wile smite mid bredlinge swuerde and brisen. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1835 Þat he sholde him bi-halue, and brisen so, þat wit no salue Ne sholde him helen leche non.a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlv. 9 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 178 Bowe sal he bris, and breke wapenes ma.a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 45 Ȝif þay ben harde..Brysse hom or strene hom.1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ix. xxxix. sig. &j Sir kayes hors brysed hym ful sore.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 122 My body hath þou brisit.1579 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (Edinb.) iii. l. 1924 in Shorter Poems (1967) 119 He..brissit all my banis [?1553 London byrsyt all my bonys].1654 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 423 Tua new lockis that was brokin,..sprentis and plaitis brised and brokin.a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 71 He having irritate and angred it [sc. a viper]..by his brizing it in his mouth.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. iii. 47 Let my Arms..briss thy bony Breasts and Lips to mine.1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 76 Josiah..brized lewd priests for owre ensample.1870 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 6 195 If one wants an over-full box to shut, the direction is to 'brise' upon it.a1978 A. S. Borrowman Buik o Ruth & Ither Wark in Lallans (1979) 38 Whiles we are brizit wi the storms o life.1997 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Brizz [Berwickshire] Brizz, to strain against constipation.

β. late Old English bresed (Kentish, past participle, in prefixed forms), Middle English brese, Middle English bresse; Scottish pre-1700 breis, 1800s brieze, 1900s breise, 1900s– breese, 1900s– breeze. lOE Glosses to Herbarium of Pseudo-Apuleius (Ashm. 1431) in Anglia (1974) 92 276 Conbulsum [read conuulsum] : tobresed.] a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) 912 Þe nayles stokyn so fast yn þe tre..Nedes þey moten [emended in ed. to mote] brese foule hys honden. ▸ ?1440 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 913 Cucumber wyld and colloquynt do brese.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 18324 Out of his chare he fell and bressed both bake and syde.a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 237 Vpon an olde stede That was bresyd and blynde.a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 33249 Sum gat ane bat that breissit all thair bonis.1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 2 When Deavie brees'd his shin.1895 R. C. de Crespigny & H. Hutchinson New Forest 110 Don't breeze, or you'll break the point.1911 G. M. Gordon Auld Clay Biggin' (1913) 43 She fair grat when Rab McCollup breiset a man eater (a lizard, she ca'ed it) wi' the heel o' his bute.1935 J. B. Waddell in Sc. National Dict. (1941) II. 264/3 [Glasgow & Ayrshire] Children playing at keeping a shop used to breese sandstone to make sand.

γ. Middle English–1500s brusse, Middle English–1600s bruse, 1500s–1600s bruze, 1500s– bruise, 1600s– bruize (now rare), 1700s– bruzz (chiefly English regional (northern)). c1300 Holy Cross (Harl.) 264 in R. Morris Legends Holy Rood (1871) 40 Brusden [c1300 Laud þe Giwes..debruysden alle is bones]. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. ix. 3 Fuyr deuourynge & wastynge þe which bruse [a1425 Corpus Oxf. brisse; L. conterat] hem doun.a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 90 Hondslingeres and stafslingeres wiþ stones..beten & bruseden & braynede þese olyfauntes.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xiiii. sig. Biiii Not leue standyng neyther castel nor toure vp right but I shall brusse them downe to the erth.1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16270a) Celebr. Holye Communion f. xxii^v Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of yron: and breake them in pieces lyke a potters vessell.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ff4 Least they [sc. fishes] their finnes should bruze..Vpon the stony grownd.a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 263 I bruiz'd my shin th' other day.1654 Trag. Alphonsus iv. 48 I am not able for to underbear The weight of sorrow which doth bruze my soul.1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. at Picks Pole-Picks..are for hard Work, and have but one end made Sharp, the other is a Head-end, to break or bruse..any hard Substance we meet with.1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 415 Bruize eight gallons of red currants with one quart of raspberries.1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I 60 Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that owd can.1901 Jrnl. Agric. & Industry (S. Austral.) Nov. 321 The only way to use furze in the yard or stable is to bruize the prickles so that they will not injure the mouths of the cattle or horses.1930 Colliery Guardian 24 Oct. 1511/1 When these projecting ends are compressed flush with the tube or are ‘bruzzed’ up, the tube is sent to bank.2011 Independent 31 Mar. (Viewspaper section) 15/1 They [sc. tomatoes]..need to be eaten very ripe and ideally unchilled, soft to the point of bursting, which makes them bruise easily and difficult to transport.

δ. Middle English–1500s brose, Middle English–1500s brouse, Middle English–1500s broyse, Middle English–1600s broose, 1500s browyse, 1500s–1600s brooze, 1600s brossyd (past tense). ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. Prol. 1 Thurȝ long siknesse brosid.c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 2071 On a sheld, brosed & affraied, Þei bare him hom.a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) l. 13040 Bretons a-geyn þem faste gan brouse.a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cliii. f. lxxxii [He] fell from his Horse..whereof he was soo broysyd that he dyed.?1562 Thersytes sig. C.iiii^v He wyll brose me.1590 J. Hammon tr. B. Aneau Αλεκτορ i. iii. 19 The Centaure..drew out his grosse mare, and gaue him such a heauie stroke vpon the reines, that hee broosed all his bones.1606 True Relation Proc. at Arraignm. Late Traitors sig. Dd3 [You] endeauoured you best and vttermost to broose the very neast-egge of this royall and hie flying ayerie.

See also birze v.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: French brisser; French bruisier.

Etymology: Probably a partial merger of three words of distinct origin. In early use (i) < an ablaut variant of the Germanic base seen also (with varying suffixation) in brisel adj. and Old English brosnian to decay, crumble, fall to pieces, Old Saxon brosma , brosmo (Middle Low German brōsme , Old High German brosama (Middle High German brōseme , German Brosame ), all in sense ‘crumb’, cognate with Early Irish brosnae twigs, brushwood, Middle Welsh breu broken, Old Breton brusun crumb, and probably also Albanian breshër hail, and (with suffixation) classical Latin frustum frust n.; compare (probably ultimately from an ablaut variant of a differently extended form of the same base) Old English brēotan to destroy, kill (see brit v.²). Subsequently also (ii) < Anglo-Norman brisser, Anglo-Norman and Old French brisier, Old French bresier, bresier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French briser (French briser) to break, smash (c1100), cognate with Italian †brigiare to break, perhaps ultimately < post-classical Latin brisare to crush or tread grapes (7th or 8th cent.), of uncertain origin, and partly (iii) < Anglo-Norman bruser, brusser, brusier, bruiser, Anglo-Norman and Old French bruisier to break, smash (a1167), to cause a bruise (1268 in Anglo-Norman), of uncertain origin.Note on French etymons. Old French brisier (see (ii)) and bruisier (see (iii)) are generally held on phonological grounds to represent two verbs of distinct origin, although they appear to have coalesced at a relatively early date. For further discussion see Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at brisare. Form history. In Old English a weak verb of Class I (brȳsan ). The prefixed form gebrȳsan (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also tōbrȳsan to-bruise v. (earlier in sense 2); a weak Class II by-form of the latter is also attested, and with this perhaps compare also the prefixed past tense form gebrȳsede . The phonology of the Old English form is unclear; the stem vowel ȳ could show either the i-mutation of ū or a late West Saxon spelling of earlier īe , the i-mutation of ēa . Occasional forms (of to-bruise v.) with different spellings of the stem vowel, e.g. late West Saxon (2nd singular past indicative) tobrisdest , Kentish (past participle) tobresed , are inconclusive in that they could show the reflexes of either strand of development. Forms matching the expected Middle English reflexes of both developments, respectively brise (south-western bruse ) (reflecting Old English brȳsan ) and brese (reflecting Old English *brēsan , non-West Saxon form corresponding to West Saxon *brīesan ) are attested (compare α. , β. , and γ. forms), but all these forms could equally well be explained as reflecting forms of the French etymons (as the δ. forms presumably must). Each of the form-types listed here shows sporadic shortening of the stem vowel in Middle English and older Scots (compare e.g. brisse at α. forms, bresse at β. forms, brusse at γ. forms, brossyd at δ. forms), which is difficult to explain. Notes on specific senses. Sense 2 was apparently < French. With senses 1b and 2 compare:c1290 Britton (1865) I. i. xxi. §7. 82 Qi les sequestres de nos ministres a escient eynt bruseez.c1290 Britton (1865) I. i. xi. §1. 42 Ceux, qi felounousement..brusent eglises, ou autri mesouns. With sense 3 perhaps compare rare use of Old English brȳsan to render classical Latin condīre ‘to season’ (perhaps after initially pounding the condiments); compare (in figurative use):OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) iv. 41 Quaelibet adsint opera, nulla sunt nisi ex humilitate condiantur : æghwylce ætsyn weorcu nane synd butan of eadmodnysse brysdde. With sense 5 compare slightly earlier bruising adj. 2 Surname evidence. The verb is also attested early as the first element in surnames, e.g. Geraldus Brusebarre (1203), Johannes Brisepot (1213), Robert Brisebone (1274), John Bruselaunce (1287), etc.

a. transitive. Originally: to injure, batter, or crush (a person, animal, body part, etc.) with a heavy weight or blow. Now usually: spec. to injure by a blow which discolours the skin but does not lacerate it or break any bones; to cause to develop bruising. Also more generally: to assault (a person) with blows; to beat up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > injure by striking > bruise

bruiseOE

forbruisec1386

to-bruisea1400–50

contuse?1541

surbate1590

sugillate1623

bruslea1625

maula1627

contund1654

sugill1663

blacken1808

to black up1821

mudge1848

contusion1871

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > hit unfairly or damage

bruisea1627

ruffian1808

spoil1811

ruffianize1817

OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxxvi. 23 Þeah se rihtwisa afealle, ne wyrð he gebrysed, ne his nan ban tobrocen.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) 22 (table of contents) He his preosta ænne of horse fallende & gebrysedne gelice gebiddende..fram deaðe gecyrde.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 61 He wile smite mid bredlinge swuerde and brisen.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1835 Þat he sholde him bi-halue, and brisen so, þat wit no salue Ne sholde him helen leche non.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 59 Þe Sabynes..brusede and ouerlay [L. oppresserunt] þat mayde.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 50 (MED) In smytynge..senewis & arteries ben brusid.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 90 (MED) Hondslingeres and stafslingeres wiþ stones..beten & bruseden & braynede þese olyfauntes.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ix. xxxix. sig. &j Sir kayes hors brysed hym ful sore.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clii^v The erle marshall ouer threwe his appellaunt & so brusyd hym y^t..he dyed.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 471/2 I brose with a stroke or with a fall..I have brousyd my shoulder with fallynge downe the stayres.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16270a) Celebr. Holye Communion f. xxii^v Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of yron: and breake them in pieces lyke a potters vessell.

1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. I2 And with his hand him rashly bruzing, slewe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 263 I bruiz'd my shin th' other day.

a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ttt3/2 He shall bruise three a month.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 45 I am bruised to Death.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. x. 261 [They] made no scruple..to beat and bruise him.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 131 Cursed and scorn'd, and bruised with stones.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 70 In England.., the peasant has not his feet bruised in wooden shoes.

1949 L. Abel tr. J.-P. Sartre Dirty Hands in Three Plays iii. 49 Look, kid, if we really are bruisers, we're liable to bruise you good!

1968 B. England Figures in Landscape 196 Burdening their pockets with hard-edged objects that bruised their thighs and chests.

2014 K. S. Jakubik Orchid for Sarah Grace lxv. 475 They used forceps to help him [sc. a baby] out... It's the forceps that bruised him.

b. transitive. figurative. To wear down or weaken (a person) as if with a heavy weight or blow; to crush. In later use: to hurt (a person's pride, ego, feelings, etc.); to injure emotionally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > render unable [verb (transitive)] > crush or disable

bruiseOE

frush1488

to break down1853

OE Judgement Day II 49 Ne mid swiðran his swyþe nele brysan [L. infringere] wan hydig gemod [read wanhydige mod] wealdend engla.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. Prol. 1 Thurȝ long siknesse brosid.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. ix. 3 Fuyr deuourynge & wastynge þe which bruse [a1425 Corpus Oxf. brisse; L. conterat] hem doun.

a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3748 Peruers fortune..Which on reisith, Anothir don brise.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. ii. 2 Bruisd vnderneath the yoake of tyrannie.

1598 B. Yong tr. A. Pérez 2nd Pt. Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 68 I am of Loue disdained, And Fortunes wheele doth broose me.

1654 Trag. Alphonsus iv. 48 I am not able for to underbear The weight of sorrow which doth bruze my soul.

1797 M. Robinson Walsingham III. lxx. 324 These tacit questions, originating in the just indignation of offended pride, rebounded on my heart, and bruised its aching fibres.

1840 F. W. Thomas Howard Pinckney I. xii. 101 The unmerciful and unmanly critique of the Edinburgh Review on them, bruised his feelings to the heart's core.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1873) IV. viii. lxxxi. 289 Will had bruised her pride too sorely for her to feel any compunction towards him and Dorothea.

1919 F. E. M. Young Shadow of Past xxiv. 214 Before life had bruised her she had possibly been a very entertaining woman.

1979 J. Heller Good as Gold (1980) vi. 239 He..wondered if she realized she was bruising his most vulnerable feelings.

2009 Spin Aug. 80/3 That shit don't stop my stride, that don't bruise my ego or hurt my heart.

c. transitive. To damage (a fruit, vegetable, or plant) by the weight of an impact or blow; to cause a bruise or bruises to develop on (a fruit, vegetable, or plant).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] > destroy the growth of plants, etc.

slayc1325

bruise?1523

overgrow?1523

nip1575

starve1578

depasturea1599

bedasha1616

victimize1849

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xli^v Get as manye rotes with them as thou can, and breke theym nat nor bruse them.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 8 Nor bruise her flourets with the armed hoofes Of hostile paces.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 111 Bees work for man; and yet they never bruise Their masters flower.

1681 R. Baxter Poet. Fragm. 82 If Death shall bruise this springing seed, Before it come to fruit.

1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) II. 92 By bruising the Kernels, there immediately commences the Growth of a Canker, that will show itself in a Bunch, turn green, etc.

1768 R. Dossie Mem. Agric. I. iii. iii. 86 They [sc. the mechanical flails] are prevented from bruising the corn more than would happen from the most expert use of the hand-flail.

1839 Literary Garland May 260/1 The storm passed over the vines, and the hail bruised the tendrils of Médoc and Vougeot!

1876 Garden 23 Dec. 594/2 This is most essential to prevent the handling of the barrel from bruising the Apples.

1906 Canad. Horticulturist 29 194/2 When picking peaches, the picker must be careful not to grasp them too tightly, or he will bruise them and cause them to become discolored.

1962 A. J. Winkler Gen. Viticulture xxii. 530 The berries had been bruised by rubbing against the side of the container.

2008 Org. Gardening Nov. 51/2 Be careful not to bruise the bulbs as you are digging them, or they are likely to rot in storage.

d. transitive. To make a dent, abrasion, or other sign of damage on the surface of (metal, stone, wood, etc.) by hitting or crushing; to crush out of shape; to deform.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > injure by striking > dent

bruise1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 471/2 I brose harnesse or ones flesshe, whan it synketh in with the weyghtynesse of strokes, Jenfondre. His heed pece was brosed with the stroke that a man myght have layed his hande in the hole.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 76^v The Adamant though it be so harde that nothinge can bruse it, yet if the warme bloude of a Goate be poured vpon it, it bursteth.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bosseler, to dindge, or bruise, to make a dint in vessell of mettall, or in a peece of plate.

1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) III. 193 Twelve Eggs, their Shells being only bruised, but the Films not broken.

1747 E. Purefoy Let. 6 Feb. in Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. v. 123 Wee have had a bad Chance to bruise some pewter Dishes.

1859 ‘Stonehenge’ Shot-gun & Sporting Rifle iv. iii. 356 In order to avoid bruising the point of the bullet in ramming it down, the head of the ramrod should be made hollow.

1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I 60 Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that owd can.

1910 Brotherhood Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen's Mag. Aug. 209/1 The importance of not bruising its piston valve.

1920 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 104/3 You have also noticed how it bruises the paint on the parts with which it comes in contact.

2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) ix. 31/1 A superb dual purpose tool which can be used..for the ‘knocking’ together of frames and joints without bruising the timber.

e. intransitive. To develop a bruise or bruises; to become bruised. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (intransitive)] > be injured > suffer bruising

bruise1849

1849 Cultivator Apr. 117/2 Beyond a certain size for an apple, weight becomes an evil, by adding to the liability to bruise.

1860 Daily News 19 May He did not ‘easily bruise’, and the victory of the union was decisive and complete.

1873 Hist. Minnesota Hort. Soc. 116 Sells very readily; not good for shipping; bruises too easily.

1912 W. Deeping Sincerity xxii. 175 The huge mouth seemed to bruise like an over-ripe love-apple.

1977 Times News (Twin Falls, Idaho) 28 Jan. 12/3 The higher the soil temperature,..the less likely potatoes are to bruise during harvest.

2008 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 12 Sept. a2/6 The 8-year-old boy's left arm was scratched and starting to bruise.

2016 Daily Star (Nexis) 31 Aug. 26 I bruise like a peach anyway, but I was literally bruised everywhere.

†2. transitive. To break, to smash; to destroy or damage by breaking or smashing. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst

to-breakc888

briteOE

to-shenec950

abreakOE

forgnidea1000

to-brytc1000

to-burstc1000

to-driveOE

shiverc1200

to-shiverc1200

to-reavec1225

shiverc1250

debruise1297

to-crack13..

to-frushc1300

to-sliftc1315

chinec1330

littlec1350

dingc1380

bruisea1382

burst1382

rushc1390

shinderc1390

spald?a1400

brittenc1400

pashc1400

forbruise1413

to break, etc. into sherds1426

shattera1450

truncheon1477

scarboyle1502

shonk1508

to-shattera1513

rash1513

shidera1529

grind1535

infringe1543

dishiver1562

rupture1578

splinter1582

tear1582

disshiver1596

upburst1596

to burst up1601

diminish1607

confract1609

to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612

dishatter1615

vanquashc1626

beshiver1647

disfrange1778

smash1778

explode1784

bust1806

spell1811

smithereen1878

shard1900

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 4 Kings xi. 18 Þei destroȝeden his auteris, & þe ymagis brooseden togidere [L. contriverunt] myȝtili.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlv. 9 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 178 Bowe sal he bris, and breke wapenes ma.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 33 (MED) Ye shulden breke al and brose bi smale gobbettes and parties.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccccxxxviijv/2 He toke breed &..brosyd and gaue it to his dyscyples.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxliiii. f. lxv^v Kyng Phylyp..broused or crased y^e Castellys of Gentelyne & Gunuy.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xiiii. sig. Biiii Not leue standyng neyther castel nor toure vp right but I shall brusse them downe to the erth.

1590 R. Ferris Most Dangerous Aduenture sig. B Had his foote once slipped,..he would haue beene brused in peeces.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. l. 1144 How they have quelled and bruised [L. fregisse] the puissance of the Carthaginians.

1667 J. Lamont Diary 24 Jan. (1830) 196 By the fall of a keap-stone..his head was bruised in to peices.

3. transitive. To grind or break down (esp. a foodstuff) completely or partially with a pestle, millstone, or other implement; to pound, to crush. Also in extended use with reference to the action of the teeth on food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)]

grindc1000

i-ponec1000

britOE

poundOE

stampc1200

to-pounec1290

bruisea1382

minisha1382

bray1382

to-grind1393

beatc1420

gratec1430

mull1440

pestle1483

hatter1508

pounce1519

contuse1552

pounder1570

undergrind1605

dispulverate1609

peal1611

comminute1626

atom1648

comminuate1666

porphyrize1747

stub1765

kibble1790

smush1825

crack1833

pun1888

micronize1968

a1382 [implied in: Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. ii. 16 Apart of þe brysde corn [L. farris fracti]. (at bruised adj. 1)].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xvi. 198 Þey [sc. the jaws] ben as it were tweyen mylstones icontinued to bruse and grinde þe mete.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxxvi. 1029 Þe more þey [sc. leaves] beþ ybrosed and ybroke, þe more vertuous þey beþ.

c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 68 (MED) Cynamom..reubarb..be þai subtily puluered..and brese þam to-gidre.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 45 Ȝif þay [sc. sepe] ben harde..Brysse hom or strene hom.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxvi^v Take that grasse and bruse it a lytell in a morter.

1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. C^v Sometime also beeing whole sodden, they bruse or pound them in a morter, & thereof make loaues of dowishe bread.

1620 Lady Mildmay Jrnl. in Q. Rev. July (1911) 132 You must take a greate peck of garden snailes..then bruise them in a stone mortar, shells and all.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 Some scatt'ring Potherbs..bruis'd with Vervain.

a1700 Receipts of Pastery in Tollemache Bk. of Secrets (2001) 245 When they are baked poore them into a postnett..then bruse them with the back of a spoone.

1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. 275 The Bark of the Tree call'd Dog-wood,..being bruised and put into standing Waters..intoxicated them [sc. the fishes].

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Stamping-mill,..an Engine used in the Tin-works, to bruise the Ore small.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 415 Bruize eight gallons of red currants with one quart of raspberries.

1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 15/1 Larger morsels..are first seized and bruised by the dental apparatus.

1915 Pract. Druggist May 26/2 The early Briton bruised his grain in the hollow of a granite boulder.

2015 Guardian (Nexis) 23 July Add the beans, tomatoes and lime wedges to the mortar and roughly bruise with the pestle.

4. transitive. To apply pressure to; to push, press, squeeze. Also intransitive. Cf. birze v. 2. Scottish in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)]

thrutchc888

distrainc1381

thrust1382

pressc1390

compressc1400

thresta1425

bruisec1465

thrumble1513

squize1548

squiss1558

scruze1590

squeeze1601

vice1602

squish1647

birzea1774

squeege1787

appress1789

squidge1881

punch1903

mash1930

c1465 Care of Horses (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 52^v Take a penne and putte hit in the skyn be-twene skyn and the flesshe and blowe it wyth ȝour mouthe þ^t the skyn be departyd fro the flesshe and bruse out the blode.

c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 213 A man myght bryse hyt [sc. a latysse] to-gedyr that the lengythe wolde be more then ij yerdys long, and yf he wolde he myght hale hyt a brode, thenn hit wolde be iiij square.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §6. 440 Winde bruised out of a bladder.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. iii. 47 Let my Arms..briss thy bony Breasts and Lips to mine.

1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xiv. 128 I..brizzed the flats of my hands, with all my pith, against the opening of my ears.

1877 A. G. Murdoch Laird's Lykewake 164 Thro' drodum-skelpin' scaur an' waur, Be aye brizzing yont.

1997 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Brizz [Berwickshire] Brizz, to strain against constipation.

?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vi. 164 He brizzed the pap on a kistie machine an the caibin wes fulled wi maisik.

†5. intransitive. Fox-hunting slang. With along. To ride hard, fast, and recklessly. Cf. pound v.¹ 5. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > ride heavily or recklessly

bruise1833

pound1852

1833 Sporting Mag. Mar. 367/2 He seemed to enjoy the sport much, and bruised along as boldly as his horses.

1865 Dublin Univ. Mag. 66 19/2 A majority of those who follow them have no notion of hunting, but go ‘bruising’ along.

1872 G. A. Lawrence Anteros (U.S. ed.) xii. 110 The baron hunted his five days..bruising along..determinedly.

1885 Baily's Mag. Mar. 394 His seat never reminds one of the Centaur, but he bruises along, jobbing his hunter's mouth as he lands over big places.

Phrases

Nautical. to bruise the water and variants: (esp. of a boat with bluff (bluff adj. 1a) bows) to hit the water with force when travelling forward so that progress is slow or difficult. Cf. bruisewater n. at Compounds. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > pitch and roll

travaila1393

totterc1400

walterc1400

labour1587

senda1625

to bruise the water1836

stagger1840

pant1869

to walk turkey1888

pound1903

slam1958

1836 United Service Jrnl. Sept. 21 We have seen ships cracking on in chase, dragging the lee-guns, chains, and anchor-flukes through all, and bruising the water like a fury, as if heeling almost to her beam-ends and dashing the foam about constituted velocity.

1880 Daily Tel. 7 Sept. While, rail under, she is bruising her water like a barge.

1883 J. G. Winton Mod. Steam Pract. 777 If the buttock line has a bold appearance, and is delineated quite full, then he knows such a vessel is not calculated for speed, but, bruising the waves, will be obstructed in its passage through them.

1970 E. J. Marsh Inshore Craft Great Brit. I. iv. 136 A poor [Yorkshire] sailing coble was a ‘bruzwater’, only bruising the water, not slipping through it.

Compounds

bruisewater n. depreciative a slow-moving boat with bluff (bluff adj. 1a) bows; cf. to bruise the water at Phrases.

ΚΠ

1851 N. Amer. & U.S. Gaz. 25 Apr. First class clippers..as far superior to the far-famed old class of Baltimore clippers as an American Liverpool liner is to an old British bruisewater.

1970 E. J. Marsh Inshore Craft Great Brit. I. iv. 136 A poor [Yorkshire] sailing coble was a ‘bruzwater’, only bruising the water, not slipping through it.

2007 H. Roberts Basic Essent. Backpacking (ed. 3) ii. 19 I'll paddle the quick canoe that weighs under 50 pounds, even if it might be a hair less rugged than a plastic bruisewater.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	bruise
释义	bruisen. Brit. /bruːz/, U.S. /bruz/ Forms: see bruise v. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bruise v. Etymology: < bruise v. Compare earlier bruising n., and also earlier brusure n. †1. A break, a breach. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach chinec888 bruche?a1300 crevice1382 scar1390 scorec1400 rimea1425 riftc1425 riving1440 creekc1480 brack1524 rive1527 bruise1530 crack1530 chink1545 chap1553 riff1577 chop1578 chinker1581 coane1584 fraction1587 cranice1603 slifter1607 fracture1641 shake1651 snap1891 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 201/2 Brosyng or broose, briseure. c1616 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lx In eschewing of bloodshedding and bruses of the Kings peace. 2. a. An area of bluish or purplish discoloration resulting from bleeding beneath the skin, typically occurring after impact with a blunt object; (also) such an area occurring beneath the surface of an internal organ (rare). In early use also: †any injury resulting from battering or crushing, esp. with a blunt weapon or projectile (obsolete). Cf. earlier brusure n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise brusurea1375 frousshure1477 bruise1533 wan1533 battering1558 squat1578 intuse1590 battery1594 crush1601 contusiona1616 sugillation1623 mishanter1754 stone bruise1805 rainbow1810 birze1818 pound1862 strawberry1921 1533 Fabyans Cronycle (new ed.) I. vi. clxx. f. xcviii^v/1 Whyche many-folde aduersytyes and troubles synkynge in the kynges mynde, wyth brose [1516 broser] or hurte ensuying of the wounde before taken at y^e batayll besyde Merton, shortened his dayes. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Fij, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Yf in the parties rounde about y^e vlcere there is eyther bruse, phlegmon, or other tumour. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxx This impediment [sc. crokydnes of the backe] doth come either by nature or by some humour or sicknes or els of some brose or a strype, or such lyke thynges. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C7 All his wounds, and all his bruses guarisht. View more context for this quotation 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 420 Wounds are most commonly made with sharpe or piercing weapons, and bruses with blunt weapons. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 135 One arm'd with Metal, th' other Wood; This fit for bruise, and that for bloud. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 223. ¶4 The Bruises which they often received in their Fall. 1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. xxiii. 263 The effused blood must have time, as in common vibices or bruises, to undergo a chemico-animal process. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 208 His costly gift, Hard-won and hardly won with bruise and blow. 1884 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 10 Apr. 342/1 There was a superficial bruise of the liver two and half inches in diameter. 1899 E. Phillpotts Human Boy 108 There were bottles of stuff to rub bruises with..and some muck for his eye. 1947 T. Williams Streetcar named Desire v. 87 Steve comes down nursing a bruise on his forehead. 1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 11 Nov. 16/5 A Southampton lorry driver suffered only cuts and bruises last night when his lorry ploughed through a bridge and plunged 15 feet into a field. 2014 P. Earle Bubble Wrap Boy xii. 61 He rolled up his sleeve to reveal a bruise that matched any of mine. b. A dent, abrasion, or other sign of damage on the surface of metal, stone, wood, etc., produced by impact. ΚΠ 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cv. 388 Any bruise either vpon cogle stone, flint, or such like. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World iii. xliv. §18. 226/2 He..threw it with that force against the floor that the solidest metal would have received some damage or bruise thereby. 1701 Syst. Geogr. i. 11/1 The seams and little bruises that are on a handball, otherwise perfectly round. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Bolts Fender-Bolts..are struck into the uttermost Bends or Wales of a Ship to save her Sides from Bruises and Hurts. 1816 Trans. Geol. Soc. 3 111 The bruise which so often takes place in marble at the point where the chisel stops, an effect known to sculptors by the technical term stunning, and of which the result is a disagreeable opake white mark. 1838 E. Copley My Mother's Stories 82 She still speaks with pleasure of the silver spoons without a bruise, and the mahogany chairs without a chip, after thirty years' service. 1892 Engin. News 26 Mar. 300/2 A scratch, a bruise or an incipient crack too fine to be seen may extend and develop and under vibratory strain may finally cause fracture. 1913 Mod. Painter (Chicago) May 43/1 It is doubtful if the wood is as serviceable as white pine, it being very soft, exceedingly light in weight, and readily takes a dent or bruise. 1993 Art Q. Winter 46/2 They [sc. silver objects] are generally easy to restore when they suffer minor abrasions or dents, known in the trade as ‘bruises’. c. A discoloration on or near the surface of a fruit, vegetable, or plant, indicating damage. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > damaged or injured part breach1608 wrack1610 bruise1670 1670 J. Evelyn Pomona viii. 24 The Branches are to be lopp'd in proportion to the bruises of the Roots, whose fibres else should only be quickned, not altogether cut off nor intangled. 1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 417 From your Fruit Trees cut of all Bruises, Gums, Stubs of dead Wood and Cankered Places. 1792 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) III. 384 Pileus..nearly flat..thin at the edge, turning watery on the least bruise. 1805 R. Shannon Pract. Treat. Brewing 80 If any of your fruit happen to be broken, lay them by themselves, an ordinary bruise not much injuring the fruit; but where the skin is broken, the spirits exhale, for the bruises beget a fermentation. 1893 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 83 Bruises of the pulp and breaks in the skin expose the soft, highly decomposable flesh to the ‘seeds’ of decay. 1934 Motor Boating Jan. 82/1 A bruise too slight for any but the expert eye to detect will become a rotting banana capable of infecting stems for many feet around. 1961 Pop. Mech. Feb. 242/2 Some of his potatoes showed bad bruises after being in storage, and others did not. 2005 T. Umrigar Space between Us (2007) viii. 98 She looks over the purple brinjals and screws up her nose at the bruises on them. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, as bruise mark, bruise prevention, etc. ΚΠ 1778 London Pract. Physic (ed. 3) 319 Purple, yellow, or livid spots on the skin, not rising above the surface, greatly resembling bruise marks. 1870 Lancet 22 Jan. 113/2 Surface of leg to the middle of calf of a dusky ‘bruise’ colour. 1918 Hospital 2 Nov. 90/2 This game causes them many bruises on the shins, and one would sometimes see..them..hopping and limping to the..hospital for some ‘bruise medicine’. 1982 NS 7 27 The high degree of technological development..in controlling diseases, fruit conservation, rot and bruise prevention, etc. must..be emphasized. 2015 C. Ellis Prepper's Nat. Med. iv. 87 Hyssop..is also effective as a topical analgesic and bruise treatment. b. Similative. With colour words, forming adjectives and nouns, as bruise-black, bruise-blue, bruise-purple, (with reference to the colour of a fading bruise) bruise-yellow, etc. ΚΠ 1867 S. Lanier Tiger-lilies vii. 47 The cloud gradually darkened from glowing red to a bruise-purple. 1938 Washington Post 30 Oct. (Parade of Youth section) viii. 7/5 He saw a slim face that once had been white but which now was bruise-blue. 1957 L. Durrell Bitter Lemons 103 The Abbey..lies below anchored against the side of the cliff, bruise-grey. 1977 New Poetry No. 3. 222 The cruel black bird..blotting the light of day out with his bruise-black wings. 1991 J. E. Hardy in J. E. Hardy et al. Perfect Pitch 137 She is wearing a peppermint, white and bruise-yellow cotton dress. 2015 L. Barnett Versions of Us ii. 52 She smokes, watching the river, the lights, the bruise-purple sky. C2. bruise-coloured adj. having or resembling any of the various colours of bruised skin; esp. purplish, bluish. ΚΠ 1842 Sporting Rev. Apr. 255 Let your hunting clergymen..be practisers, as well as preachers, of a goodly text..and their blushing congregations, and bruise-coloured partisans..think more calmly. 1914 G. Cannan Old Mole v. 276 He sat gazing out into the night, at..the bruise-colored glow of the sky. 1961 B. L. Brammer Gay Place i. i. 4 The land rises steeply.., all of it warped and ruptured and bruise-colored. 2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 July l. 6/6 Plants in..bruise-coloured tones of burgundy, almost-black purple, and..blackened pink. bruise root n. chiefly English regional (southern) (now historical and rare) the sea poppy (or yellow horned poppy), Glaucium flavum, (formerly) used as a remedy for bruises. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > daisy daisyc1000 bruisewortOE primerolea1350 Margaretc1425 gowan1570 primrose1579 marguerite1605 bruise root1698 dog daisy1821 ewe-flower1825 marguerite1847 1698 J. Newton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 263 Between Pensants and Marketjew, on the Sandy Shoar, there growing abundance of Papaver Corniculatum Luteum, or Horned Poppy, with a Yellow Flower, vulgarly called in Hampshire and Dorsetshire, Squatmore, or Bruseroot, (as I was there informed) where they use it against Bruises external and internal. 1730 S. Dale Taylor's Hist. & Antiq. Harwich App. 368 In some Places this [sc. Yellow Horned-Poppy] is called Bruise-Root, and it is used there for Bruises. 1830 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. II. 207 The Ch[elidonium] glaucium, L. (Horn poppy, Bruiseroot) found on the sea shore of Virginia by Schoepf, has a similar yellow juice. 1983 R. Freethy Naturalist's Guide Brit. Coastline 86 The plant was locally known as ‘bruise root’.., and also as ‘squat’ or ‘squatmore’. Derivatives bruiselike adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > bruised > like a bruise bruiselike1786 bruisy1851 1786 R. White Present Pract. Surg. 173 It leaves a discolouration round the part, which at first assumes a blueish hue, then changes to a bruise-like appearance. 1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 908/1 The bruise-like swelling. 1950 Life 29 Aug. 17/2 There was a bruiselike mark clearly noticeable behind and below Francis Powers' left jaw... ‘It's a birthmark,’ Powers said. 1990 Washington Post 12 July (Washington Home section) 23/1 A fully ripe tomato at its peak..is free of cracks and soft, bruiselike spots. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bruisev. Brit. /bruːz/, U.S. /bruz/ Forms: α. Old English brisde (past tense, in prefixed forms), Old English brysan, Old English brysdde (past participle, plural, probably transmission error), Old English brysde (past tense, in prefixed forms), Old English brysede (past tense, in prefixed forms), Old English brysian (in prefixed forms), Middle English bris, Middle English brisen, Middle English brysse, Middle English–1500s brise, Middle English–1500s brisse, Middle English–1500s bryse; Scottish pre-1700 briz, pre-1700 brys, pre-1700 bryz, pre-1700 1700s bris, 1700s briss, 1700s 1900s brise, 1800s– brize, 1800s– brizz. OE Judgement Day II 49 Ne mid swiðran his swyþe nele brysan [L. infringere] wan hydig gemod [read wanhydige mod] wealdend engla.OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 126 Ac þu min ege ut astunge and ealle mine ban tobrisdest and minne broþor acwealdest.] a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 61 He wile smite mid bredlinge swuerde and brisen. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1835 Þat he sholde him bi-halue, and brisen so, þat wit no salue Ne sholde him helen leche non.a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlv. 9 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 178 Bowe sal he bris, and breke wapenes ma.a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 45 Ȝif þay ben harde..Brysse hom or strene hom.1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ix. xxxix. sig. &j Sir kayes hors brysed hym ful sore.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 122 My body hath þou brisit.1579 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (Edinb.) iii. l. 1924 in Shorter Poems (1967) 119 He..brissit all my banis [?1553 London byrsyt all my bonys].1654 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 423 Tua new lockis that was brokin,..sprentis and plaitis brised and brokin.a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 71 He having irritate and angred it [sc. a viper]..by his brizing it in his mouth.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. iii. 47 Let my Arms..briss thy bony Breasts and Lips to mine.1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 76 Josiah..brized lewd priests for owre ensample.1870 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 6 195 If one wants an over-full box to shut, the direction is to 'brise' upon it.a1978 A. S. Borrowman Buik o Ruth & Ither Wark in Lallans (1979) 38 Whiles we are brizit wi the storms o life.1997 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Brizz [Berwickshire] Brizz, to strain against constipation. β. late Old English bresed (Kentish, past participle, in prefixed forms), Middle English brese, Middle English bresse; Scottish pre-1700 breis, 1800s brieze, 1900s breise, 1900s– breese, 1900s– breeze. lOE Glosses to Herbarium of Pseudo-Apuleius (Ashm. 1431) in Anglia (1974) 92 276 Conbulsum [read conuulsum] : tobresed.] a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) 912 Þe nayles stokyn so fast yn þe tre..Nedes þey moten [emended in ed. to mote] brese foule hys honden. ▸ ?1440 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 913 Cucumber wyld and colloquynt do brese.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 18324 Out of his chare he fell and bressed both bake and syde.a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 237 Vpon an olde stede That was bresyd and blynde.a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 33249 Sum gat ane bat that breissit all thair bonis.1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 2 When Deavie brees'd his shin.1895 R. C. de Crespigny & H. Hutchinson New Forest 110 Don't breeze, or you'll break the point.1911 G. M. Gordon Auld Clay Biggin' (1913) 43 She fair grat when Rab McCollup breiset a man eater (a lizard, she ca'ed it) wi' the heel o' his bute.1935 J. B. Waddell in Sc. National Dict. (1941) II. 264/3 [Glasgow & Ayrshire] Children playing at keeping a shop used to breese sandstone to make sand. γ. Middle English–1500s brusse, Middle English–1600s bruse, 1500s–1600s bruze, 1500s– bruise, 1600s– bruize (now rare), 1700s– bruzz (chiefly English regional (northern)). c1300 Holy Cross (Harl.) 264 in R. Morris Legends Holy Rood (1871) 40 Brusden [c1300 Laud þe Giwes..debruysden alle is bones]. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. ix. 3 Fuyr deuourynge & wastynge þe which bruse [a1425 Corpus Oxf. brisse; L. conterat] hem doun.a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 90 Hondslingeres and stafslingeres wiþ stones..beten & bruseden & braynede þese olyfauntes.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xiiii. sig. Biiii Not leue standyng neyther castel nor toure vp right but I shall brusse them downe to the erth.1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16270a) Celebr. Holye Communion f. xxii^v Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of yron: and breake them in pieces lyke a potters vessell.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ff4 Least they [sc. fishes] their finnes should bruze..Vpon the stony grownd.a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 263 I bruiz'd my shin th' other day.1654 Trag. Alphonsus iv. 48 I am not able for to underbear The weight of sorrow which doth bruze my soul.1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. at Picks Pole-Picks..are for hard Work, and have but one end made Sharp, the other is a Head-end, to break or bruse..any hard Substance we meet with.1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 415 Bruize eight gallons of red currants with one quart of raspberries.1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I 60 Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that owd can.1901 Jrnl. Agric. & Industry (S. Austral.) Nov. 321 The only way to use furze in the yard or stable is to bruize the prickles so that they will not injure the mouths of the cattle or horses.1930 Colliery Guardian 24 Oct. 1511/1 When these projecting ends are compressed flush with the tube or are ‘bruzzed’ up, the tube is sent to bank.2011 Independent 31 Mar. (Viewspaper section) 15/1 They [sc. tomatoes]..need to be eaten very ripe and ideally unchilled, soft to the point of bursting, which makes them bruise easily and difficult to transport. δ. Middle English–1500s brose, Middle English–1500s brouse, Middle English–1500s broyse, Middle English–1600s broose, 1500s browyse, 1500s–1600s brooze, 1600s brossyd (past tense). ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. Prol. 1 Thurȝ long siknesse brosid.c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 2071 On a sheld, brosed & affraied, Þei bare him hom.a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) l. 13040 Bretons a-geyn þem faste gan brouse.a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cliii. f. lxxxii [He] fell from his Horse..whereof he was soo broysyd that he dyed.?1562 Thersytes sig. C.iiii^v He wyll brose me.1590 J. Hammon tr. B. Aneau Αλεκτορ i. iii. 19 The Centaure..drew out his grosse mare, and gaue him such a heauie stroke vpon the reines, that hee broosed all his bones.1606 True Relation Proc. at Arraignm. Late Traitors sig. Dd3 [You] endeauoured you best and vttermost to broose the very neast-egge of this royall and hie flying ayerie. See also birze v. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: French brisser; French bruisier. Etymology: Probably a partial merger of three words of distinct origin. In early use (i) < an ablaut variant of the Germanic base seen also (with varying suffixation) in brisel adj. and Old English brosnian to decay, crumble, fall to pieces, Old Saxon brosma , brosmo (Middle Low German brōsme , Old High German brosama (Middle High German brōseme , German Brosame ), all in sense ‘crumb’, cognate with Early Irish brosnae twigs, brushwood, Middle Welsh breu broken, Old Breton brusun crumb, and probably also Albanian breshër hail, and (with suffixation) classical Latin frustum frust n.; compare (probably ultimately from an ablaut variant of a differently extended form of the same base) Old English brēotan to destroy, kill (see brit v.²). Subsequently also (ii) < Anglo-Norman brisser, Anglo-Norman and Old French brisier, Old French bresier, bresier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French briser (French briser) to break, smash (c1100), cognate with Italian †brigiare to break, perhaps ultimately < post-classical Latin brisare to crush or tread grapes (7th or 8th cent.), of uncertain origin, and partly (iii) < Anglo-Norman bruser, brusser, brusier, bruiser, Anglo-Norman and Old French bruisier to break, smash (a1167), to cause a bruise (1268 in Anglo-Norman), of uncertain origin.Note on French etymons. Old French brisier (see (ii)) and bruisier (see (iii)) are generally held on phonological grounds to represent two verbs of distinct origin, although they appear to have coalesced at a relatively early date. For further discussion see Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at brisare. Form history. In Old English a weak verb of Class I (brȳsan ). The prefixed form gebrȳsan (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also tōbrȳsan to-bruise v. (earlier in sense 2); a weak Class II by-form of the latter is also attested, and with this perhaps compare also the prefixed past tense form gebrȳsede . The phonology of the Old English form is unclear; the stem vowel ȳ could show either the i-mutation of ū or a late West Saxon spelling of earlier īe , the i-mutation of ēa . Occasional forms (of to-bruise v.) with different spellings of the stem vowel, e.g. late West Saxon (2nd singular past indicative) tobrisdest , Kentish (past participle) tobresed , are inconclusive in that they could show the reflexes of either strand of development. Forms matching the expected Middle English reflexes of both developments, respectively brise (south-western bruse ) (reflecting Old English brȳsan ) and brese (reflecting Old English brēsan , non-West Saxon form corresponding to West Saxon brīesan ) are attested (compare α. , β. , and γ. forms), but all these forms could equally well be explained as reflecting forms of the French etymons (as the δ. forms presumably must). Each of the form-types listed here shows sporadic shortening of the stem vowel in Middle English and older Scots (compare e.g. brisse at α. forms, bresse at β. forms, brusse at γ. forms, brossyd at δ. forms), which is difficult to explain. Notes on specific senses. Sense 2 was apparently < French. With senses 1b and 2 compare:c1290 Britton (1865) I. i. xxi. §7. 82 Qi les sequestres de nos ministres a escient eynt bruseez.c1290 Britton (1865) I. i. xi. §1. 42 Ceux, qi felounousement..brusent eglises, ou autri mesouns. With sense 3 perhaps compare rare use of Old English brȳsan to render classical Latin condīre ‘to season’ (perhaps after initially pounding the condiments); compare (in figurative use):OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) iv. 41 Quaelibet adsint opera, nulla sunt nisi ex humilitate condiantur : æghwylce ætsyn weorcu nane synd butan of eadmodnysse brysdde. With sense 5 compare slightly earlier bruising adj. 2 Surname evidence. The verb is also attested early as the first element in surnames, e.g. Geraldus Brusebarre (1203), Johannes Brisepot (1213), Robert Brisebone (1274), John Bruselaunce (1287), etc. 1. a. transitive. Originally: to injure, batter, or crush (a person, animal, body part, etc.) with a heavy weight or blow. Now usually: spec. to injure by a blow which discolours the skin but does not lacerate it or break any bones; to cause to develop bruising. Also more generally: to assault (a person) with blows; to beat up. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > injure by striking > bruise bruiseOE forbruisec1386 to-bruisea1400–50 contuse?1541 surbate1590 sugillate1623 bruslea1625 maula1627 contund1654 sugill1663 blacken1808 to black up1821 mudge1848 contusion1871 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > hit unfairly or damage bruisea1627 ruffian1808 spoil1811 ruffianize1817 OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxxvi. 23 Þeah se rihtwisa afealle, ne wyrð he gebrysed, ne his nan ban tobrocen. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) 22 (table of contents) He his preosta ænne of horse fallende & gebrysedne gelice gebiddende..fram deaðe gecyrde. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 61 He wile smite mid bredlinge swuerde and brisen. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1835 Þat he sholde him bi-halue, and brisen so, þat wit no salue Ne sholde him helen leche non. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 59 Þe Sabynes..brusede and ouerlay [L. oppresserunt] þat mayde. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 50 (MED) In smytynge..senewis & arteries ben brusid. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 90 (MED) Hondslingeres and stafslingeres wiþ stones..beten & bruseden & braynede þese olyfauntes. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ix. xxxix. sig. &j Sir kayes hors brysed hym ful sore. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clii^v The erle marshall ouer threwe his appellaunt & so brusyd hym y^t..he dyed. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 471/2 I brose with a stroke or with a fall..I have brousyd my shoulder with fallynge downe the stayres. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16270a) Celebr. Holye Communion f. xxii^v Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of yron: and breake them in pieces lyke a potters vessell. 1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. I2 And with his hand him rashly bruzing, slewe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 263 I bruiz'd my shin th' other day. a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ttt3/2 He shall bruise three a month. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 45 I am bruised to Death. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. x. 261 [They] made no scruple..to beat and bruise him. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 131 Cursed and scorn'd, and bruised with stones. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 70 In England.., the peasant has not his feet bruised in wooden shoes. 1949 L. Abel tr. J.-P. Sartre Dirty Hands in Three Plays iii. 49 Look, kid, if we really are bruisers, we're liable to bruise you good! 1968 B. England Figures in Landscape 196 Burdening their pockets with hard-edged objects that bruised their thighs and chests. 2014 K. S. Jakubik Orchid for Sarah Grace lxv. 475 They used forceps to help him [sc. a baby] out... It's the forceps that bruised him. b. transitive. figurative. To wear down or weaken (a person) as if with a heavy weight or blow; to crush. In later use: to hurt (a person's pride, ego, feelings, etc.); to injure emotionally. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > render unable [verb (transitive)] > crush or disable bruiseOE frush1488 to break down1853 OE Judgement Day II 49 Ne mid swiðran his swyþe nele brysan [L. infringere] wan hydig gemod [read wanhydige mod] wealdend engla. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. Prol. 1 Thurȝ long siknesse brosid. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. ix. 3 Fuyr deuourynge & wastynge þe which bruse [a1425 Corpus Oxf. brisse; L. conterat] hem doun. a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3748 Peruers fortune..Which on reisith, Anothir don brise. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. ii. 2 Bruisd vnderneath the yoake of tyrannie. View more context for this quotation 1598 B. Yong tr. A. Pérez 2nd Pt. Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 68 I am of Loue disdained, And Fortunes wheele doth broose me. 1654 Trag. Alphonsus iv. 48 I am not able for to underbear The weight of sorrow which doth bruze my soul. 1797 M. Robinson Walsingham III. lxx. 324 These tacit questions, originating in the just indignation of offended pride, rebounded on my heart, and bruised its aching fibres. 1840 F. W. Thomas Howard Pinckney I. xii. 101 The unmerciful and unmanly critique of the Edinburgh Review on them, bruised his feelings to the heart's core. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1873) IV. viii. lxxxi. 289 Will had bruised her pride too sorely for her to feel any compunction towards him and Dorothea. 1919 F. E. M. Young Shadow of Past xxiv. 214 Before life had bruised her she had possibly been a very entertaining woman. 1979 J. Heller Good as Gold (1980) vi. 239 He..wondered if she realized she was bruising his most vulnerable feelings. 2009 Spin Aug. 80/3 That shit don't stop my stride, that don't bruise my ego or hurt my heart. c. transitive. To damage (a fruit, vegetable, or plant) by the weight of an impact or blow; to cause a bruise or bruises to develop on (a fruit, vegetable, or plant). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] > destroy the growth of plants, etc. slayc1325 bruise?1523 overgrow?1523 nip1575 starve1578 depasturea1599 bedasha1616 victimize1849 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xli^v Get as manye rotes with them as thou can, and breke theym nat nor bruse them. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 8 Nor bruise her flourets with the armed hoofes Of hostile paces. View more context for this quotation 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 111 Bees work for man; and yet they never bruise Their masters flower. 1681 R. Baxter Poet. Fragm. 82 If Death shall bruise this springing seed, Before it come to fruit. 1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) II. 92 By bruising the Kernels, there immediately commences the Growth of a Canker, that will show itself in a Bunch, turn green, etc. 1768 R. Dossie Mem. Agric. I. iii. iii. 86 They [sc. the mechanical flails] are prevented from bruising the corn more than would happen from the most expert use of the hand-flail. 1839 Literary Garland May 260/1 The storm passed over the vines, and the hail bruised the tendrils of Médoc and Vougeot! 1876 Garden 23 Dec. 594/2 This is most essential to prevent the handling of the barrel from bruising the Apples. 1906 Canad. Horticulturist 29 194/2 When picking peaches, the picker must be careful not to grasp them too tightly, or he will bruise them and cause them to become discolored. 1962 A. J. Winkler Gen. Viticulture xxii. 530 The berries had been bruised by rubbing against the side of the container. 2008 Org. Gardening Nov. 51/2 Be careful not to bruise the bulbs as you are digging them, or they are likely to rot in storage. d. transitive. To make a dent, abrasion, or other sign of damage on the surface of (metal, stone, wood, etc.) by hitting or crushing; to crush out of shape; to deform. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > injure by striking > dent bruise1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 471/2 I brose harnesse or ones flesshe, whan it synketh in with the weyghtynesse of strokes, Jenfondre. His heed pece was brosed with the stroke that a man myght have layed his hande in the hole. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 76^v The Adamant though it be so harde that nothinge can bruse it, yet if the warme bloude of a Goate be poured vpon it, it bursteth. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bosseler, to dindge, or bruise, to make a dint in vessell of mettall, or in a peece of plate. 1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) III. 193 Twelve Eggs, their Shells being only bruised, but the Films not broken. 1747 E. Purefoy Let. 6 Feb. in Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. v. 123 Wee have had a bad Chance to bruise some pewter Dishes. 1859 ‘Stonehenge’ Shot-gun & Sporting Rifle iv. iii. 356 In order to avoid bruising the point of the bullet in ramming it down, the head of the ramrod should be made hollow. 1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I 60 Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that owd can. 1910 Brotherhood Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen's Mag. Aug. 209/1 The importance of not bruising its piston valve. 1920 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 104/3 You have also noticed how it bruises the paint on the parts with which it comes in contact. 2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) ix. 31/1 A superb dual purpose tool which can be used..for the ‘knocking’ together of frames and joints without bruising the timber. e. intransitive. To develop a bruise or bruises; to become bruised. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (intransitive)] > be injured > suffer bruising bruise1849 1849 Cultivator Apr. 117/2 Beyond a certain size for an apple, weight becomes an evil, by adding to the liability to bruise. 1860 Daily News 19 May He did not ‘easily bruise’, and the victory of the union was decisive and complete. 1873 Hist. Minnesota Hort. Soc. 116 Sells very readily; not good for shipping; bruises too easily. 1912 W. Deeping Sincerity xxii. 175 The huge mouth seemed to bruise like an over-ripe love-apple. 1977 Times News (Twin Falls, Idaho) 28 Jan. 12/3 The higher the soil temperature,..the less likely potatoes are to bruise during harvest. 2008 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 12 Sept. a2/6 The 8-year-old boy's left arm was scratched and starting to bruise. 2016 Daily Star (Nexis) 31 Aug. 26 I bruise like a peach anyway, but I was literally bruised everywhere. †2. transitive. To break, to smash; to destroy or damage by breaking or smashing. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst to-breakc888 briteOE to-shenec950 abreakOE forgnidea1000 to-brytc1000 to-burstc1000 to-driveOE shiverc1200 to-shiverc1200 to-reavec1225 shiverc1250 debruise1297 to-crack13.. to-frushc1300 to-sliftc1315 chinec1330 littlec1350 dingc1380 bruisea1382 burst1382 rushc1390 shinderc1390 spald?a1400 brittenc1400 pashc1400 forbruise1413 to break, etc. into sherds1426 shattera1450 truncheon1477 scarboyle1502 shonk1508 to-shattera1513 rash1513 shidera1529 grind1535 infringe1543 dishiver1562 rupture1578 splinter1582 tear1582 disshiver1596 upburst1596 to burst up1601 diminish1607 confract1609 to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612 dishatter1615 vanquashc1626 beshiver1647 disfrange1778 smash1778 explode1784 bust1806 spell1811 smithereen1878 shard1900 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 4 Kings xi. 18 Þei destroȝeden his auteris, & þe ymagis brooseden togidere [L. contriverunt] myȝtili. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlv. 9 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 178 Bowe sal he bris, and breke wapenes ma. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 33 (MED) Ye shulden breke al and brose bi smale gobbettes and parties. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccccxxxviijv/2 He toke breed &..brosyd and gaue it to his dyscyples. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxliiii. f. lxv^v Kyng Phylyp..broused or crased y^e Castellys of Gentelyne & Gunuy. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xiiii. sig. Biiii Not leue standyng neyther castel nor toure vp right but I shall brusse them downe to the erth. 1590 R. Ferris Most Dangerous Aduenture sig. B Had his foote once slipped,..he would haue beene brused in peeces. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. l. 1144 How they have quelled and bruised [L. fregisse] the puissance of the Carthaginians. 1667 J. Lamont Diary 24 Jan. (1830) 196 By the fall of a keap-stone..his head was bruised in to peices. 3. transitive. To grind or break down (esp. a foodstuff) completely or partially with a pestle, millstone, or other implement; to pound, to crush. Also in extended use with reference to the action of the teeth on food. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)] grindc1000 i-ponec1000 britOE poundOE stampc1200 to-pounec1290 bruisea1382 minisha1382 bray1382 to-grind1393 beatc1420 gratec1430 mull1440 pestle1483 hatter1508 pounce1519 contuse1552 pounder1570 undergrind1605 dispulverate1609 peal1611 comminute1626 atom1648 comminuate1666 porphyrize1747 stub1765 kibble1790 smush1825 crack1833 pun1888 micronize1968 a1382 [implied in: Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. ii. 16 Apart of þe brysde corn [L. farris fracti]. (at bruised adj. 1)]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xvi. 198 Þey [sc. the jaws] ben as it were tweyen mylstones icontinued to bruse and grinde þe mete. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxxvi. 1029 Þe more þey [sc. leaves] beþ ybrosed and ybroke, þe more vertuous þey beþ. c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 68 (MED) Cynamom..reubarb..be þai subtily puluered..and brese þam to-gidre. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 45 Ȝif þay [sc. sepe] ben harde..Brysse hom or strene hom. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxvi^v Take that grasse and bruse it a lytell in a morter. 1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. C^v Sometime also beeing whole sodden, they bruse or pound them in a morter, & thereof make loaues of dowishe bread. 1620 Lady Mildmay Jrnl. in Q. Rev. July (1911) 132 You must take a greate peck of garden snailes..then bruise them in a stone mortar, shells and all. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 Some scatt'ring Potherbs..bruis'd with Vervain. View more context for this quotation a1700 Receipts of Pastery in Tollemache Bk. of Secrets (2001) 245 When they are baked poore them into a postnett..then bruse them with the back of a spoone. 1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. 275 The Bark of the Tree call'd Dog-wood,..being bruised and put into standing Waters..intoxicated them [sc. the fishes]. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Stamping-mill,..an Engine used in the Tin-works, to bruise the Ore small. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 415 Bruize eight gallons of red currants with one quart of raspberries. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 15/1 Larger morsels..are first seized and bruised by the dental apparatus. 1915 Pract. Druggist May 26/2 The early Briton bruised his grain in the hollow of a granite boulder. 2015 Guardian (Nexis) 23 July Add the beans, tomatoes and lime wedges to the mortar and roughly bruise with the pestle. 4. transitive. To apply pressure to; to push, press, squeeze. Also intransitive. Cf. birze v. 2. Scottish in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] thrutchc888 distrainc1381 thrust1382 pressc1390 compressc1400 thresta1425 bruisec1465 thrumble1513 squize1548 squiss1558 scruze1590 squeeze1601 vice1602 squish1647 birzea1774 squeege1787 appress1789 squidge1881 punch1903 mash1930 c1465 Care of Horses (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 52^v Take a penne and putte hit in the skyn be-twene skyn and the flesshe and blowe it wyth ȝour mouthe þ^t the skyn be departyd fro the flesshe and bruse out the blode. c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 213 A man myght bryse hyt [sc. a latysse] to-gedyr that the lengythe wolde be more then ij yerdys long, and yf he wolde he myght hale hyt a brode, thenn hit wolde be iiij square. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §6. 440 Winde bruised out of a bladder. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. iii. 47 Let my Arms..briss thy bony Breasts and Lips to mine. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xiv. 128 I..brizzed the flats of my hands, with all my pith, against the opening of my ears. 1877 A. G. Murdoch Laird's Lykewake 164 Thro' drodum-skelpin' scaur an' waur, Be aye brizzing yont. 1997 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Brizz [Berwickshire] Brizz, to strain against constipation. ?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vi. 164 He brizzed the pap on a kistie machine an the caibin wes fulled wi maisik. †5. intransitive. Fox-hunting slang. With along. To ride hard, fast, and recklessly. Cf. pound v.¹ 5. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > ride heavily or recklessly bruise1833 pound1852 1833 Sporting Mag. Mar. 367/2 He seemed to enjoy the sport much, and bruised along as boldly as his horses. 1865 Dublin Univ. Mag. 66 19/2 A majority of those who follow them have no notion of hunting, but go ‘bruising’ along. 1872 G. A. Lawrence Anteros (U.S. ed.) xii. 110 The baron hunted his five days..bruising along..determinedly. 1885 Baily's Mag. Mar. 394 His seat never reminds one of the Centaur, but he bruises along, jobbing his hunter's mouth as he lands over big places. Phrases Nautical. to bruise the water and variants: (esp. of a boat with bluff (bluff adj. 1a) bows) to hit the water with force when travelling forward so that progress is slow or difficult. Cf. bruisewater n. at Compounds. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > pitch and roll travaila1393 totterc1400 walterc1400 labour1587 senda1625 to bruise the water1836 stagger1840 pant1869 to walk turkey1888 pound1903 slam1958 1836 United Service Jrnl. Sept. 21 We have seen ships cracking on in chase, dragging the lee-guns, chains, and anchor-flukes through all, and bruising the water like a fury, as if heeling almost to her beam-ends and dashing the foam about constituted velocity. 1880 Daily Tel. 7 Sept. While, rail under, she is bruising her water like a barge. 1883 J. G. Winton Mod. Steam Pract. 777 If the buttock line has a bold appearance, and is delineated quite full, then he knows such a vessel is not calculated for speed, but, bruising the waves, will be obstructed in its passage through them. 1970 E. J. Marsh Inshore Craft Great Brit. I. iv. 136 A poor [Yorkshire] sailing coble was a ‘bruzwater’, only bruising the water, not slipping through it. Compounds bruisewater n. depreciative a slow-moving boat with bluff (bluff adj. 1a) bows; cf. to bruise the water at Phrases. ΚΠ 1851 N. Amer. & U.S. Gaz. 25 Apr. First class clippers..as far superior to the far-famed old class of Baltimore clippers as an American Liverpool liner is to an old British bruisewater. 1970 E. J. Marsh Inshore Craft Great Brit. I. iv. 136 A poor [Yorkshire] sailing coble was a ‘bruzwater’, only bruising the water, not slipping through it. 2007 H. Roberts Basic Essent. Backpacking (ed. 3) ii. 19 I'll paddle the quick canoe that weighs under 50 pounds, even if it might be a hair less rugged than a plastic bruisewater. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1530v.OE
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