umbragen.

Brit.

/ˈʌmbrɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈəmbrɪdʒ/

Forms: Also 1600s–1800s ombrage.

Etymology: < Old French umbrage, ombrage (French ombrage), = Provençal umbratge < Latin umbrāticum, -icus, < umbra shadow.

†1.

a. Shade, shadow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade

shadea1000

shadowa1375

umber1382

umbrage1426

umbrage1541

shrouda1586

umbracle1609

umbra1638

1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 22310 The party off my vysage Whiche is clowded with vmbrage, Off cleernesse scholde haue no reporte.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 40 All the bewtie of the fructuus feyld Was wyth the erthis vmbrage clene ourheild.

1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cci. sig. I vij^v The lyghte, and also..the false vmbrage whych the Moone doth shewe fourthe.

?1614 W. Drummond Song: It Autumne was in Poems Deare amber Lockes gaue Vmbrage to her Face.

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 129 If we be worsted in our nocturnall and more secret attempts, the darknesse will give an umbrage, and obscure our shame.

1655 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes IV. ii. 83 The Sun setting that Evening without any cloudy umbrage, it might almost be said that the Sun-beams did guild the whole Countrey.

1687 J. Norris Ode to Darkness in Coll. Misc. v The Blest above do thy sweet umbrage prize. When Cloy'd with light, they veil their eyes.

b. transferred and figurative. (Very common in the 17th cent.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [noun]

difficultyc1405

mistiheadc1425

darknessc1450

obscureness1509

obscuritya1522

unclearness1574

unplainness1619

abstruseness1628

umbragec1642

abstrusity1649

imperspicuity1659

reconditeness1779

mistiness1816

crampness1840

recondity1856

α.

c1642 Observ. his Majesty's late Answers & Expresses 18 To look into termes a little more narrower, and dispell umbrages.

1663 L. Womock Aron-bimnucha or Antidote to cure Calamites 30 Those Clouds and Umbrages that did eclipse and darken the glory of the Gospel.

1684 J. Howe Redeemer's Tears in Wks. (1862) II. 269 A mind led..to transmit through a dark umbrage some glimmerings only of that excellent majesty which his Sonship..entitled him to.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 322 Great Mysterys,..so wrap'd in Clouds, or hid in Umbrages,..that they may seem to have been left as Trials of our Industry.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxiii. 279 [To] live..under the Badge and Umbrage of Ignominy and Shame.

a1763 W. Shenstone Progress of Taste ii. in Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 271 And o'er her charms, with caution shewn, Be still a graceful umbrage thrown.

β. 1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. 15 Kingship, though looking big, yet indeed most pusillanimous,..startl'd at everie umbrage.1669 W. Temple Lett. (1701) II. 65 To suspect that it was Artificial, and only intended to give an Ombrage or false Light to the Court of Sueden.

a. spec. Shade or shadow cast by trees or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade

shadea1000

shadowa1375

umber1382

umbrage1426

umbrage1541

shrouda1586

umbracle1609

umbra1638

α.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxi. f. 38^v The sayd trees gaue a commodyeus and plesant vmbrage.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxii. f. 42 Which trees dyd cast ouer the walles a pleasant vmbrage or shadowe.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva vi. 24 [Ash-trees are] not to be planted for Umbrage, or Ornament; especially neer the Garden.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 115 The boughs..so circle the bole or trunk that it resembles an arch'd circumference affording umbrage and refreshment to some hundred men.

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 94 All shade is not unpropitious, where the Soil and Climate are benign, as well as that which casts the umbrage.

1757 J. Dyer Fleece i. 25 Accustom'd to the barriers of the rick, Or some warm umbrage.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. ii. 34 She would spend a sunny afternoon in lying stirless on the turf, at the foot of some tree of friendly umbrage.

1865 A. Raleigh in Rec. Life (1881) xi. 138 We had crept up slowly through the leafy woods, and all at once we emerged from the umbrage and stood upon the hill-top.

1888 R. Buchanan City of Dream viii. 171 The steed sprang on across the golden glade and plunged into the umbrage suddenly.

β. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Ombrage, shade, harbor, or bower to rest vnder.1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i. 447 On sounding pinions Cupid sped his flight To the deep ombrage of Parnassus' height.

b. Const. of, or with possessives.

ΚΠ

1596 R. Linche Certaine Sonnets in Diella sig. B8^v Where vnder vmbrage of some aged Tree, with Lute in hand I sit.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1087 In some glade Obscur'd, where highest Woods impenetrable To Starr or Sun-light, spread thir umbrage broad.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 159 Under the umbrage of which Tree..no less than 324 horses, or 4374 men, may sufficiently be shelter'd.

1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 141 They run To Grots, and Caves, and the cool Umbrage seek Of woven Arborets.

1772 S. Whyte Poems (1795) 186 In the brown umbrage of the wood. If lonely you retire.

1793 Minstrel II. 109 The heat increasing, the deep umbrage of the forest invited her into its closest paths.

1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. (rev. ed.) 118 Branches..spreading their umbrage to the circumference of two hundred and seven feet.

1875 M. E. Braddon Strange World i Two figures are seated..beneath the umbrage of an ancient thorn.

c. The foliage of trees, etc., affording shade.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > leaves or foliage

shadec1000

leafOE

felourea1400

filourc1400

hair1551

leafage1599

foliage1601

umbrage1657

foliature1682

folia1730

greenery1826

leafery1834

feather1842

leafdom1856

leaf mass1857

greening1895

the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > moustache

mustachio1551

mustachio beard1566

moustache1585

mustachiosa1593

bigote1622

dibble1631

umbrage1657

whisker1706

lip-wing1825

facial hair1830

mousetail1853

lip-hair1873

lip-thatch1892

hackles1894

mo1894

tash1894

zit1912

mouser1922

stash1940

taz1951

stache1963

mush1967

1657 R. Tomlinson To Rdr. in R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Dispensatory sig. b2 Here you may view..the pleasant Umbrages sporting with Zephyrus-Nectar-Blooms.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (cxxviii. 3 Annot.) 646/2 Olive-plants..were usually planted (as in arbours) to shade the table, entertainments being made without doors, in gardens, under that umbrage.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 43 An ample Chair, moss-lin'd, and over Head With weaving Umbrage hung.

1767 R. Jago Edge-hill i. 357 Beneath their waving Umbrage Flora spreads Her spotted Couch.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 207 Delighted Thames through tropic umbrage glides, And flowers antarctic, bending o'er his tides.

1811 P. B. Shelley St. Irvyne xi. 214 The tall ash and oak, in mingled umbrage, sighed far above their heads.

1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Godolphin I. xv. 131 Then abruptly they rose, overspread with thick and tangled umbrage, several feet above the level of the river.

1885 R. Buchanan Annan Water ix In one corner was an arbour almost buried in umbrage.

in extended use.1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 222 Mustachio's, far beyond the vulgar Size; O'er all thy Mouth their hairy Umbrage spread.1828 W. Wordsworth Triad 188 Her brow hath opened on me—see it there, Brightening the umbrage of her hair.figurative.1822 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater 81 The calamities of my noviciate in London..shot up and flourished afresh, and grew into a noxious umbrage that has overshadowed and darkened my latter years.1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xviii. 462 The light of law was for a time obscured by the thick umbrage of novel facts.

a. A shadowy appearance or indication, a semblance, outline, or faint representation, a glimmering or trace, of something. Now rare. (Common in 17th cent.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation

form?c1225

figurea1340

likeness1340

print1340

nebshaftc1350

resemblancea1393

visagea1400

similitude?a1425

representationc1450

simulacre1483

representa1500

semblance1513

idea1531

image1531

similitudeness1547

type1559

living image1565

portrait1567

counter-figure1573

shadow1580

countershape1587

umbrage1604

medal1608

reflex1608

remonstrance1640

transcript1646

configurationa1676

phantom1690

facsimile1801

personation1851

featuring1864

zoomorph1883

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > of some quality > slight

gleam?c1225

glimpsea1547

suspicion1565

umber1573

umbrage1604

umbrationa1706

shima1800

α.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 107 + 14 His semblable is his mirrour, & who els would trace him, his vmbrage, nothing more.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 143 The arme shadowes out the second Person in the Trinity... The fingers give an umbrage of the Holy Spirit.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. x. 417 There yet remains some umbrage of a Dean and Prebends here to this very day.

1756 in Palatine Note-bk. (1881) I. 118/2 His whole Life..may be look'd upon as an Umbrage of Troubles and Perplexities among vexatious Neighbours.

1857 F. W. Faber Creator & Creature ii. i. 110 Joys angelical..are all but a manifold umbrage of the one joy of God.

β. 1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 30 It will breed scruples and ombrages of doubts in her confederats.1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 57 The people had shrewd ombrages of fear that he came to no good purpose.

†b. Without const.: An appearance or semblance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance

shroudc1175

frontc1374

appearancec1384

countenance?c1425

fard1540

show1547

habit1549

outside1578

glimpse1579

superficies?1589

species1598

out-term1602

paint1608

surface1613

superfice1615

umbrage1639

superficials1652

semblance1843

outer womana1845

outward man1846

patina1957

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. xxv. 272 Some of them [sc. essays] being umbrages and State-representations rather than realities.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 78 A penitent is not taken with umbrages and appearances, nor quits a reall good for an imaginary.

1678 A. Marvell Acct. Growth Popery in Wks. (1875) IV. 395 It looks and gives an umbrage as if what he was to do was by your leave.

1680 W. de Britaine Humane Prudence ii. 5 But Wise-men cannot be content to be abused with Umbrages, nor is the World any longer to be entertained with Dark Lanthorns.

†c. In emphatic or intensive use, with all, any, even, the least, etc. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

α.

1649 T. Fuller Just Mans Funeral 10 The very umbrage of Religion hath a sovereign virtue in it.

1668 Earl of Orrery in Coll. State Lett. (1743) II. 340 To avoid even the umbrages of suspicion.

1675 V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo 556 Our Author,..without any umbrage of a pretence from the Text,..has laid them in saltire.

1703 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) v. 192 That so all umbrage of arbitrary government may be removed.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. v. §139 402 Let any one see in that extended Sum of the Evidence..if there be the least Umbrage of a Reflection upon this Accident.

1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 38 To take off all Umbrage of Jealousy, I give you leave to sell him to some honourable Person for a Slave.

β. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ iii. xxii. 90 They parted for that time without the least ombrage of discontent.1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples i. 17 Hereupon the Vice-Roy went unto them to take off all ombrages of distrust.1692 T. Beverley Concil. Disc. Dr. Crisp's Serm. 19 Thus are the Secrets of all Hearts, judged according to the Apostles Gospel... Some Ombrage of which Heathens have.

†d. A figure or type. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xvi. 297 Sometime they think hereticks set forth under the umbrage of Tares.

†4.

a. A feeling of suspicion or doubt. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > instance of

suspicionc1384

suspect1541

scruple1600

umbrage1604

gain-givinga1616

inkling1620

surmise1719

α.

1624 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain (1629) 8 I say iust feare,..not out of vmbrages, light iealousnesse, apprehensions a farre off, but out of cleare foresight of imminent danger.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. ix. 14 Though umbrages and light jealousies..be too narrow to build a fair quarrel on.

1656 P. Heylyn Extraneus Vapulans 63 He took some time to consider of it,..for removing of all such umbrages and misapprehensions, as otherwise that interparlance might have occasioned.

β. 1604 F. Bacon Apol. 27 And therefore good my Lord carie it so, as you take away by all meanes all ombrages and distasts from the Queene.1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. i. 1 Ther were som ombrages, and not onely so, but open and actuall differences.

†b. A suspicion, hint, inkling, or slight idea, of a matter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > [noun] > slight knowledge

inkling1546

inkleth1568

umbrage1669

notion1698

conception1796

1669 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa VI. iii. viii. 277 They never had the least umbrage of the Truth.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xi. 310 We..found no Canoas, or People, that might give us any umbrage of a City, or place of Trade near at hand.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. iii. §59 160 Nor is it less remarkable that such Preparations of Fleets, Transports, Armies,..were to be dispatched..and no Neighbour Nation jealous, nor England (so near) haue any Intelligence or Umbrage of it.

†c. A reason or ground for suspicion, or for some opinion. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive

achesounc1230

encheason1297

quarrel1340

occasionc1384

springa1398

motive?a1439

motionc1475

springa1500

respect1528

regard1579

moment1611

movent1651

umbrage1664

what makes (someone) tick1931

1664 Bp. J. Taylor Disswasive from Popery i. x. 70 S. Peter did not carry himself so as to give the least overture or umbrage to make any one suspect he had any such preheminence.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. ii. §3 Therefore they must be nicely careful to give their husbands no color, no least umbrage for it [sc. jealousy].

1704 London Gaz. No. 4054/1 Every Man..did his Duty, without the least Umbrage for Censure or Reflection.

1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible II. vii. 288 But there is not the least Umbrage for such a Conjecture to be found in the Scripture.

1807 tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. (ed. 5) I. 6 All umbrage would be thus removed from persons who might not be sufficiently acquainted with the nature of their design.

†5.

a. Shelter, protection, screen. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter

leeOE

lewthc1000

shadowc1200

coverturec1450

hele?1527

burrow1577

shelter1595

lown1603

umbrage1607

shield1615

lew1908

1607 J. Day et al. Trauailes Three Eng. Brothers Ded. Wee our selues should haue a safe harbor and vmbrage for our well willing yet weake labours.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. Ded. p. iv In this Dilemma I left the University to seek Umbrage in the City of London.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 98 Humble Suiters for the Umbrage of any of Quality, to skreen them from this Violence.

1730 T. Gent Antient & Mod. Hist. York Pref. p. iii So that it flies to the Umbrage of the courteous Reader, to be favourable in its Reception.

1740 S. Richardson in Corr. (1804) I. p. lxxvi I therefore..struck a bold stroke,..having the umbrage of the Editor's character to screen myself behind.

†b. In the phrase under the umbrage of. Obsolete.The material sense in quot. 1741 is unusual.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > having care or custody (of) [phrase] > in the care or custody of

under a person's hand (also hands)OE

under the wing ofc1230

in fang witha1400

in yemea1400

among the hands ofa1533

in charge (of)1548

under the umbrage of1677

1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. Pref. The Historicall discourse ensuing might pass into publick view under the umbrage of your Protection.

1683 W. Rogers Scourge for George Whitehead 10 Whitehead, now sinking in his Reputation,..seems to shelter himself under the Umbrage of W.P.

1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. ii. 226 A Prince..is still answerable for all the Evil he suffers others to commit under the sacred Umbrage of his Name.

1741 A. Hill in S. Richardson Corr. (1804) I. 71 Little Harry Campbell..had been listening all this while upon the floor, under the umbrage of a pair of out-strutting hoops.

1776 P. Oliver in T. Hutchinson's Diary, etc. (1886) II. 109 I entered the House of Lords under the umbrage of Lord Polworth.

†6.

a. A pretext or pretence; a colour or false show. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive > specious motive or pretext > alleged motive or excuse

occasiona1398

pretencec1425

colour?1435

excuse1494

allegation1614

pretension1624

umbrage1634

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun] > instance of

showa1500

making-upa1525

shine?1529

face1542

varnish1565

copy of one's countenance1579

false1598

mock-beggar1603

mockerya1616

umbrage1634

simulacrum1833

phoney war1939

1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 260 It is al the care of hypocrites to seek umbrages, and pretences for their hatefull purposes.

1663 E. Hickeringill Apol. Distressed Innocence in Wks. (1709) I. 272 Veiling the Murder with the Umbrage of Devotion and Justice.

1694 Ld. Delamere Wks. 107 Truth will appear from under all the false glosses and umbrages that men may draw over it.

1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2416 So convincing an Experiment as this, which..leaves no manner of umbrage for any other Hypothesis to take place in it.

†b. In the phrase under the umbrage of. Obsolete.Slight differences of usage are represented in the different groups of quotations.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [phrase] > on the pretext of

under show of1563

by show of1625

under the umbrage of1674

under the salvo of1705

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [adverb] > seemingly or apparently > under the semblance of

in likeness ofOE

under the umbrage of1674

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [adverb] > under the appearance of

under (the) umber of (or for)1423

by colour ofc1425

under (the) colour ofc1451

under the shadow of1523

with coloura1593

under the umbrage of1674

(a)

1674 Case of Bankers & Creditors Pref. 3 This grievance of ours hath been represented to his Majesty under the pretence and umbrages of Royal Prerogative.

1681 E. Hickeringill Horrid Sin Man-catching i. 8 [Villains] that commit the greatest Rapacities..under the umbrage, pretence and colour of Law and Justice.

1696 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (1697) 90 Otherwise, they may commit Theft, Sacrilege, and all other Immoralities under this Umbrage.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xlvii. 176 To make him accuse rich Men,..that he might seize their Estates under the Umbrage of Justice and Law.

1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 87 To form a Party, and maintain a Struggle for personal Power, under the Pretence and Umbrage of Principle.

(b)1679 J. Smith Narr. Popish-plot 30 Under the Umbrage of Repairing a College, they were providing for the Ruine of a Kingdom.(c)1709 H. Sacheverell Perils False Brethren 9 Should we cover such a False Apostle under the Sacred Umbrage of a True Church-Man?1720 T. Gordon & J. Trenchard Independent Whig No. 32 Under the Colour and Umbrage of Significant and decent Ceremonies, the most ridiculous and immodest Usages have been introduced.1723 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 27. ¶13 Under the Umbrage of Adorers, [they] make themselves Masters.

†7. to be, or stand in, (..) umbrage , to be in disfavour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > be out of favour [verb (intransitive)]

to be, or stand in, (‥) umbrage1641

to be in (a person's) black books1771

1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C2^v On the fall of the Duke, he stood some yeares in umbradge, and without imployment.

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 110 He knew Sir James stood in some Umbrage with the King.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 119 Being suspected at least a Favourer of the Papists,..by which he was in great umbrage with the People.

8. Displeasure, annoyance, offence, resentment:

a. In the phrase to give (..) umbrage (to a person or persons).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > arouse indignation or resentment

offendc1425

ranklea1450

to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1560

to give (‥) umbrage1620

pique1697

1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent i. 28 He..therefore besought them to take away all those words that might giue him any Vmbrage.

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 63 It will not be convenient to give him any umbrage by seeing me with another person.

1686 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 510 Which Dispensation..gave umbrage (as well it might) to every good Protestant.

1740 W. Somervile Hobbinol i. 242 Be thou, my Muse! No leaky Blab, nor painful Umbrage give To wealthy Squire.

1771 W. Shirley in J. W. Fletcher Vindic. Minutes i. 8 How often..do men sneakingly forsake their friends,..for fear of giving umbrage to a superior party or interest.

1796 G. Washington Let. in Writings (1892) XIII. 263 Unless my pacific disposition was displeasing, nothing else could have given umbrage by the most rigid construction of the letter.

1842 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) I. i. 5 The sermon, when printed, gave great umbrage to the parliamentary party.

1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 314 Both Antiochus and Seleucus..abstained from any proceedings that could give umbrage to their new subjects.

b. In the phrase to take (..) umbrage (at; also without const. or with clause).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)]

to pick (also peck) mooda1225

disdaina1382

endeigna1382

indeign1382

risec1390

to take offencea1393

to take pepper in the nose1520

stomach1557

offenda1578

sdeigna1593

huff1598

to snuff pepper1624

check1635

to bear, owe (a person) a grudge1657

to take check1663

to take (‥) umbrage1683

to ride rusty1709

to flame out, up1753

to take a niff1777

niff1841

spleen1885

to put one's shoulder out1886

to have (or get) the spike1890

derry1896

(a)

1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1720) I. 439 The Allies had taken great Umbrage at my Journey to the Hague.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 138 If any Opposition had been offer'd them in the Country, or any Umbrage taken at their Design.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. viii, in Hist. Wks. (1813) II. 49 James himself, though he prudently concealed it, took great umbrage at her behaviour.

1796 F. Burney Camilla V. x. xiv. 543 However, as to his having called me a blockhead, it's not what I take umbrage at.

1822 Lauder's Chronol. Notes 5 The Bishop..took umbrage at his freedom of speech in the pulpit anent the government.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. v. 305 We find no mention of any umbrage being taken at certain strains of prerogative.

1862 C. Kingsley Alton Locke (new ed.) Pref. p. v Many of them..have taken umbrage at certain scenes of Cambridge life drawn in this book.

1883 T. Martin Life Ld. Lyndhurst ix. 231 A less kindly-tempered man..would have taken umbrage at the tone of this letter.

(b)1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 197 The subjects of the Can of Schirvan began to take Umbrage.1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xi. 79 Fearing the captain and his lady would take so much umbrage, as to leave his carriage.1813 W. Scott Rokeby iii. 134 Our stout Knight..Took umbrage that a friend so near Refused to share his chace and cheer.1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. III. 152 Many close at hand took umbrage lest they themselves were being supplanted.

c. In other constructions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [noun]

wrathc900

disdain1297

indignationc1384

heavinessc1386

gall1390

offencea1393

mislikinga1400

despitec1400

rankling?a1425

jealousyc1475

grudge1477

engaigne1489

grutch1541

outrage1572

dudgeon1573

indignance1590

indignity1596

spleen1596

resentiment1606

dolour1609

resentment1613

endugine1638

stomachosity1656

ressentiment1658

resent1680

umbrage1724

resentfulness1735

niff1777

indignancy1790

saeva indignatio1796

hard feeling1803

grudgement1845

to have a chip on one's shoulder1856

affrontedness1878

spike1890

1724 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 140 They all have your case very much at heart, and all the umbrage is over.

1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 23 Whether the steps taken by the queen gave them new cause of umbrage.

1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin xx. 218 A very good-natured laugh from the others showed how little umbrage the frank avowal excited.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

umbragev.

Brit.

/ˈʌmbrɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈəmbrɪdʒ/

Forms: Also 1600s ombrage.

Etymology: < umbrage n., or < French ombrager , -ier , †umbrager , -ier , < ombrage : see umbrage n. Compare also Italian ombreggiare.

1. transitive. To shade or shadow; also figurative, to overshadow, put in the shade.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame

shamec1400

to put down1494

extinguish1551

stain1557

overshadow1581

cloud1582

defacea1592

shend1596

to lay up1601

to shine down1623

dazzle1643

umbrage1647

foila1687

efface1717

eclipse1718

shade?1748

put into the shade1796

to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819

to put to shame1854

to leave (a person) standing1864

to lay over1869

blanket1884

upstage1921

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade

shadowa1366

shadec1400

umberc1400

umbrage1647

parasol1799

enshade18..

α.

1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. To Vmbrage or shadow, beschaduwen.

1658 J. Webb tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 8th Pt. viii. 93 A man..whose valour umbraged theirs, and whose words they had found so true to their confusion.

1738 G. Smith Curious Relations I. iv. 465 They were separated from one another with Rails, and umbraged with a Sort of Canopy.

1804 A. Seward Mem. Dr. Darwin 123 Rude gives an idea of barrenness, and Matlock is luxuriantly umbraged.

1888 Harper's Mag. Apr. 733/2 A ridge or hillock heavily umbraged with the rounded foliage of evergreen oaks.

β. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Omschaduwen, to Shaddowe About, or to Ombrage.1652 F. Kirkman tr. A. Du Périer Loves Clerio & Lozia 16 His Hat was ombraged with a plume of black Herons Feathers.

†2.

a. To colour over, disguise. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

dernc893

mitheeOE

wryOE

buryc1175

hidec1200

dilla1300

laina1375

keepa1382

wrapa1382

cover1382

conceala1393

curea1400

shroud1412

veilc1460

smorec1480

cele1484

suppress1533

wrap1560

smoulder1571

squat1577

muffle1582

estrange1611

screen1621

lock1646

umbrage1675

reserve1719

restrict1802

hugger-mugger1803

mask1841

ward1881

thimblerig1899

marzipan1974

1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 312 If she mentioned others, it was by way of caution, only to secure her self, and Umbrage what she said that it might down the better.

†b. To give a pretext or ground for. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > serve as a motive for > use as a pretext for

umbrage1689

1689 E. Hickeringill Speech Without-doors 35 Like that young Gallant, studying what he should see in her [sc. an old woman] to Vmbrage the fondness of his Embraces.

3. To offend, displease. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] > displease

mislikeeOE

ofthinkeOE

misquemeOE

likec1175

forthinka1225

mispay?c1225

annoyc1300

there glads (also gains, games) him no gleec1300

unpay1340

offenda1382

to be displeasedc1386

to step or tread on the toes ofc1394

mispleasea1400

unlikea1425

edgec1450

injurea1492

discontenta1513

disdain1530

to set (a person's) teeth on edge1535

displeasure1541

mis-set?1553

dislike1578

to tread on any one's heels or toes1710

flisk1792

unentrance1834

to tread on any one's cornsa1855

umbragea1894

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)] > excite to indignation or resentment

grieve1362

disdain1530

stomach1596

rufflea1616

disoblige1632

pique1671

huff1793

miff1811

umbragea1894

dudgeon1906

a1894 R. L. Stevenson St. Ives (1898) xxiv May I help myself to wine without umbraging you.

Derivatives

ˈumbraged adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [adjective] > casting a shadow > overshadowed > lying in shade or abounding in shade

shadowy1398

shadowed1400

umbrous1480

shadowish1530

shadeful1563

shadowous1585

shady1589

umbrageous1622

shaded1635

swaly1820

adumbral1855

umbraged1890

1663 G. Mackenzie Religio Stoici 12 Intimating thereby that umbrag'd silence was an excellent Shryn for sincere devotions.

1890 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. May 667 A park, a wood, an umbraged lane.

ˈumbraging adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > [adjective]

maskinga1387

maskeringc1400

mazingc1449

mazefula1586

perplexing1585

distraughtful1594

confounding1595

confusive1611

perplexful1618

distracting1632

distractive1633

perplexivea1637

obstupefying1660

perplexitivea1665

posing1666

distractious1667

nonplussing1670

umbraging1683

gravelling1686

embarrassing1691

wildering1742

distractful1746

staggering1769

baffling1783

bewildering1792

head-scratching1827

mystifyingc1827

mystificatory1830

riddlesome1843

confusing1846

1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor To Noble Subscribers sig. B2^v They are divulged either by umbraging Sophistications, or concealed under the Name of Philosophical Secrets.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	umbrage
释义	umbragen. Brit. /ˈʌmbrɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈəmbrɪdʒ/ Forms: Also 1600s–1800s ombrage. Etymology: < Old French umbrage, ombrage (French ombrage), = Provençal umbratge < Latin umbrāticum, -icus, < umbra shadow. †1. a. Shade, shadow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade shadea1000 shadowa1375 umber1382 umbrage1426 umbrage1541 shrouda1586 umbracle1609 umbra1638 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 22310 The party off my vysage Whiche is clowded with vmbrage, Off cleernesse scholde haue no reporte. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 40 All the bewtie of the fructuus feyld Was wyth the erthis vmbrage clene ourheild. 1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cci. sig. I vij^v The lyghte, and also..the false vmbrage whych the Moone doth shewe fourthe. ?1614 W. Drummond Song: It Autumne was in Poems Deare amber Lockes gaue Vmbrage to her Face. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 129 If we be worsted in our nocturnall and more secret attempts, the darknesse will give an umbrage, and obscure our shame. 1655 F. G. tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Artamenes IV. ii. 83 The Sun setting that Evening without any cloudy umbrage, it might almost be said that the Sun-beams did guild the whole Countrey. 1687 J. Norris Ode to Darkness in Coll. Misc. v The Blest above do thy sweet umbrage prize. When Cloy'd with light, they veil their eyes. b. transferred and figurative. (Very common in the 17th cent.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [noun] difficultyc1405 mistiheadc1425 darknessc1450 obscureness1509 obscuritya1522 unclearness1574 unplainness1619 abstruseness1628 umbragec1642 abstrusity1649 imperspicuity1659 reconditeness1779 mistiness1816 crampness1840 recondity1856 α. c1642 Observ. his Majesty's late Answers & Expresses 18 To look into termes a little more narrower, and dispell umbrages. 1663 L. Womock Aron-bimnucha or Antidote to cure Calamites 30 Those Clouds and Umbrages that did eclipse and darken the glory of the Gospel. 1684 J. Howe Redeemer's Tears in Wks. (1862) II. 269 A mind led..to transmit through a dark umbrage some glimmerings only of that excellent majesty which his Sonship..entitled him to. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 322 Great Mysterys,..so wrap'd in Clouds, or hid in Umbrages,..that they may seem to have been left as Trials of our Industry. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxiii. 279 [To] live..under the Badge and Umbrage of Ignominy and Shame. a1763 W. Shenstone Progress of Taste ii. in Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 271 And o'er her charms, with caution shewn, Be still a graceful umbrage thrown. β. 1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. 15 Kingship, though looking big, yet indeed most pusillanimous,..startl'd at everie umbrage.1669 W. Temple Lett. (1701) II. 65 To suspect that it was Artificial, and only intended to give an Ombrage or false Light to the Court of Sueden. 2. a. spec. Shade or shadow cast by trees or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade shadea1000 shadowa1375 umber1382 umbrage1426 umbrage1541 shrouda1586 umbracle1609 umbra1638 α. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxi. f. 38^v The sayd trees gaue a commodyeus and plesant vmbrage. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxii. f. 42 Which trees dyd cast ouer the walles a pleasant vmbrage or shadowe. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva vi. 24 [Ash-trees are] not to be planted for Umbrage, or Ornament; especially neer the Garden. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 115 The boughs..so circle the bole or trunk that it resembles an arch'd circumference affording umbrage and refreshment to some hundred men. 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 94 All shade is not unpropitious, where the Soil and Climate are benign, as well as that which casts the umbrage. 1757 J. Dyer Fleece i. 25 Accustom'd to the barriers of the rick, Or some warm umbrage. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. ii. 34 She would spend a sunny afternoon in lying stirless on the turf, at the foot of some tree of friendly umbrage. 1865 A. Raleigh in Rec. Life (1881) xi. 138 We had crept up slowly through the leafy woods, and all at once we emerged from the umbrage and stood upon the hill-top. 1888 R. Buchanan City of Dream viii. 171 The steed sprang on across the golden glade and plunged into the umbrage suddenly. β. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Ombrage, shade, harbor, or bower to rest vnder.1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i. 447 On sounding pinions Cupid sped his flight To the deep ombrage of Parnassus' height. b. Const. of, or with possessives. ΚΠ 1596 R. Linche Certaine Sonnets in Diella sig. B8^v Where vnder vmbrage of some aged Tree, with Lute in hand I sit. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1087 In some glade Obscur'd, where highest Woods impenetrable To Starr or Sun-light, spread thir umbrage broad. View more context for this quotation 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 159 Under the umbrage of which Tree..no less than 324 horses, or 4374 men, may sufficiently be shelter'd. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 141 They run To Grots, and Caves, and the cool Umbrage seek Of woven Arborets. 1772 S. Whyte Poems (1795) 186 In the brown umbrage of the wood. If lonely you retire. 1793 Minstrel II. 109 The heat increasing, the deep umbrage of the forest invited her into its closest paths. 1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. (rev. ed.) 118 Branches..spreading their umbrage to the circumference of two hundred and seven feet. 1875 M. E. Braddon Strange World i Two figures are seated..beneath the umbrage of an ancient thorn. c. The foliage of trees, etc., affording shade. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > leaves or foliage shadec1000 leafOE felourea1400 filourc1400 hair1551 leafage1599 foliage1601 umbrage1657 foliature1682 folia1730 greenery1826 leafery1834 feather1842 leafdom1856 leaf mass1857 greening1895 the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > moustache mustachio1551 mustachio beard1566 moustache1585 mustachiosa1593 bigote1622 dibble1631 umbrage1657 whisker1706 lip-wing1825 facial hair1830 mousetail1853 lip-hair1873 lip-thatch1892 hackles1894 mo1894 tash1894 zit1912 mouser1922 stash1940 taz1951 stache1963 mush1967 1657 R. Tomlinson To Rdr. in R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Dispensatory sig. b2 Here you may view..the pleasant Umbrages sporting with Zephyrus-Nectar-Blooms. 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (cxxviii. 3 Annot.) 646/2 Olive-plants..were usually planted (as in arbours) to shade the table, entertainments being made without doors, in gardens, under that umbrage. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 43 An ample Chair, moss-lin'd, and over Head With weaving Umbrage hung. 1767 R. Jago Edge-hill i. 357 Beneath their waving Umbrage Flora spreads Her spotted Couch. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 207 Delighted Thames through tropic umbrage glides, And flowers antarctic, bending o'er his tides. 1811 P. B. Shelley St. Irvyne xi. 214 The tall ash and oak, in mingled umbrage, sighed far above their heads. 1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Godolphin I. xv. 131 Then abruptly they rose, overspread with thick and tangled umbrage, several feet above the level of the river. 1885 R. Buchanan Annan Water ix In one corner was an arbour almost buried in umbrage. in extended use.1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 222 Mustachio's, far beyond the vulgar Size; O'er all thy Mouth their hairy Umbrage spread.1828 W. Wordsworth Triad 188 Her brow hath opened on me—see it there, Brightening the umbrage of her hair.figurative.1822 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater 81 The calamities of my noviciate in London..shot up and flourished afresh, and grew into a noxious umbrage that has overshadowed and darkened my latter years.1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xviii. 462 The light of law was for a time obscured by the thick umbrage of novel facts. 3. a. A shadowy appearance or indication, a semblance, outline, or faint representation, a glimmering or trace, of something. Now rare. (Common in 17th cent.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation form?c1225 figurea1340 likeness1340 print1340 nebshaftc1350 resemblancea1393 visagea1400 similitude?a1425 representationc1450 simulacre1483 representa1500 semblance1513 idea1531 image1531 similitudeness1547 type1559 living image1565 portrait1567 counter-figure1573 shadow1580 countershape1587 umbrage1604 medal1608 reflex1608 remonstrance1640 transcript1646 configurationa1676 phantom1690 facsimile1801 personation1851 featuring1864 zoomorph1883 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > of some quality > slight gleam?c1225 glimpsea1547 suspicion1565 umber1573 umbrage1604 umbrationa1706 shima1800 α. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 107 + 14 His semblable is his mirrour, & who els would trace him, his vmbrage, nothing more. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 143 The arme shadowes out the second Person in the Trinity... The fingers give an umbrage of the Holy Spirit. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. x. 417 There yet remains some umbrage of a Dean and Prebends here to this very day. 1756 in Palatine Note-bk. (1881) I. 118/2 His whole Life..may be look'd upon as an Umbrage of Troubles and Perplexities among vexatious Neighbours. 1857 F. W. Faber Creator & Creature ii. i. 110 Joys angelical..are all but a manifold umbrage of the one joy of God. β. 1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 30 It will breed scruples and ombrages of doubts in her confederats.1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 57 The people had shrewd ombrages of fear that he came to no good purpose. †b. Without const.: An appearance or semblance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance shroudc1175 frontc1374 appearancec1384 countenance?c1425 fard1540 show1547 habit1549 outside1578 glimpse1579 superficies?1589 species1598 out-term1602 paint1608 surface1613 superfice1615 umbrage1639 superficials1652 semblance1843 outer womana1845 outward man1846 patina1957 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. xxv. 272 Some of them [sc. essays] being umbrages and State-representations rather than realities. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 78 A penitent is not taken with umbrages and appearances, nor quits a reall good for an imaginary. 1678 A. Marvell Acct. Growth Popery in Wks. (1875) IV. 395 It looks and gives an umbrage as if what he was to do was by your leave. 1680 W. de Britaine Humane Prudence ii. 5 But Wise-men cannot be content to be abused with Umbrages, nor is the World any longer to be entertained with Dark Lanthorns. †c. In emphatic or intensive use, with all, any, even, the least, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ α. 1649 T. Fuller Just Mans Funeral 10 The very umbrage of Religion hath a sovereign virtue in it. 1668 Earl of Orrery in Coll. State Lett. (1743) II. 340 To avoid even the umbrages of suspicion. 1675 V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo 556 Our Author,..without any umbrage of a pretence from the Text,..has laid them in saltire. 1703 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) v. 192 That so all umbrage of arbitrary government may be removed. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. v. §139 402 Let any one see in that extended Sum of the Evidence..if there be the least Umbrage of a Reflection upon this Accident. 1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 38 To take off all Umbrage of Jealousy, I give you leave to sell him to some honourable Person for a Slave. β. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ iii. xxii. 90 They parted for that time without the least ombrage of discontent.1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples i. 17 Hereupon the Vice-Roy went unto them to take off all ombrages of distrust.1692 T. Beverley Concil. Disc. Dr. Crisp's Serm. 19 Thus are the Secrets of all Hearts, judged according to the Apostles Gospel... Some Ombrage of which Heathens have. †d. A figure or type. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xvi. 297 Sometime they think hereticks set forth under the umbrage of Tares. †4. a. A feeling of suspicion or doubt. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > instance of suspicionc1384 suspect1541 scruple1600 umbrage1604 gain-givinga1616 inkling1620 surmise1719 α. 1624 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain (1629) 8 I say iust feare,..not out of vmbrages, light iealousnesse, apprehensions a farre off, but out of cleare foresight of imminent danger. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. ix. 14 Though umbrages and light jealousies..be too narrow to build a fair quarrel on. 1656 P. Heylyn Extraneus Vapulans 63 He took some time to consider of it,..for removing of all such umbrages and misapprehensions, as otherwise that interparlance might have occasioned. β. 1604 F. Bacon Apol. 27 And therefore good my Lord carie it so, as you take away by all meanes all ombrages and distasts from the Queene.1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. i. 1 Ther were som ombrages, and not onely so, but open and actuall differences. †b. A suspicion, hint, inkling, or slight idea, of a matter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > [noun] > slight knowledge inkling1546 inkleth1568 umbrage1669 notion1698 conception1796 1669 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa VI. iii. viii. 277 They never had the least umbrage of the Truth. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xi. 310 We..found no Canoas, or People, that might give us any umbrage of a City, or place of Trade near at hand. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. iii. §59 160 Nor is it less remarkable that such Preparations of Fleets, Transports, Armies,..were to be dispatched..and no Neighbour Nation jealous, nor England (so near) haue any Intelligence or Umbrage of it. †c. A reason or ground for suspicion, or for some opinion. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive achesounc1230 encheason1297 quarrel1340 occasionc1384 springa1398 motive?a1439 motionc1475 springa1500 respect1528 regard1579 moment1611 movent1651 umbrage1664 what makes (someone) tick1931 1664 Bp. J. Taylor Disswasive from Popery i. x. 70 S. Peter did not carry himself so as to give the least overture or umbrage to make any one suspect he had any such preheminence. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. ii. §3 Therefore they must be nicely careful to give their husbands no color, no least umbrage for it [sc. jealousy]. 1704 London Gaz. No. 4054/1 Every Man..did his Duty, without the least Umbrage for Censure or Reflection. 1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible II. vii. 288 But there is not the least Umbrage for such a Conjecture to be found in the Scripture. 1807 tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. (ed. 5) I. 6 All umbrage would be thus removed from persons who might not be sufficiently acquainted with the nature of their design. †5. a. Shelter, protection, screen. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter leeOE lewthc1000 shadowc1200 coverturec1450 hele?1527 burrow1577 shelter1595 lown1603 umbrage1607 shield1615 lew1908 1607 J. Day et al. Trauailes Three Eng. Brothers Ded. Wee our selues should haue a safe harbor and vmbrage for our well willing yet weake labours. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. Ded. p. iv In this Dilemma I left the University to seek Umbrage in the City of London. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 98 Humble Suiters for the Umbrage of any of Quality, to skreen them from this Violence. 1730 T. Gent Antient & Mod. Hist. York Pref. p. iii So that it flies to the Umbrage of the courteous Reader, to be favourable in its Reception. 1740 S. Richardson in Corr. (1804) I. p. lxxvi I therefore..struck a bold stroke,..having the umbrage of the Editor's character to screen myself behind. †b. In the phrase under the umbrage of. Obsolete.The material sense in quot. 1741 is unusual. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > having care or custody (of) [phrase] > in the care or custody of under a person's hand (also hands)OE under the wing ofc1230 in fang witha1400 in yemea1400 among the hands ofa1533 in charge (of)1548 under the umbrage of1677 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. Pref. The Historicall discourse ensuing might pass into publick view under the umbrage of your Protection. 1683 W. Rogers Scourge for George Whitehead 10 Whitehead, now sinking in his Reputation,..seems to shelter himself under the Umbrage of W.P. 1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. ii. 226 A Prince..is still answerable for all the Evil he suffers others to commit under the sacred Umbrage of his Name. 1741 A. Hill in S. Richardson Corr. (1804) I. 71 Little Harry Campbell..had been listening all this while upon the floor, under the umbrage of a pair of out-strutting hoops. 1776 P. Oliver in T. Hutchinson's Diary, etc. (1886) II. 109 I entered the House of Lords under the umbrage of Lord Polworth. †6. a. A pretext or pretence; a colour or false show. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive > specious motive or pretext > alleged motive or excuse occasiona1398 pretencec1425 colour?1435 excuse1494 allegation1614 pretension1624 umbrage1634 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun] > instance of showa1500 making-upa1525 shine?1529 face1542 varnish1565 copy of one's countenance1579 false1598 mock-beggar1603 mockerya1616 umbrage1634 simulacrum1833 phoney war1939 1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 260 It is al the care of hypocrites to seek umbrages, and pretences for their hatefull purposes. 1663 E. Hickeringill Apol. Distressed Innocence in Wks. (1709) I. 272 Veiling the Murder with the Umbrage of Devotion and Justice. 1694 Ld. Delamere Wks. 107 Truth will appear from under all the false glosses and umbrages that men may draw over it. 1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2416 So convincing an Experiment as this, which..leaves no manner of umbrage for any other Hypothesis to take place in it. †b. In the phrase under the umbrage of. Obsolete.Slight differences of usage are represented in the different groups of quotations. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [phrase] > on the pretext of under show of1563 by show of1625 under the umbrage of1674 under the salvo of1705 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [adverb] > seemingly or apparently > under the semblance of in likeness ofOE under the umbrage of1674 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [adverb] > under the appearance of under (the) umber of (or for)1423 by colour ofc1425 under (the) colour ofc1451 under the shadow of1523 with coloura1593 under the umbrage of1674 (a) 1674 Case of Bankers & Creditors Pref. 3 This grievance of ours hath been represented to his Majesty under the pretence and umbrages of Royal Prerogative. 1681 E. Hickeringill Horrid Sin Man-catching i. 8 [Villains] that commit the greatest Rapacities..under the umbrage, pretence and colour of Law and Justice. 1696 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (1697) 90 Otherwise, they may commit Theft, Sacrilege, and all other Immoralities under this Umbrage. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xlvii. 176 To make him accuse rich Men,..that he might seize their Estates under the Umbrage of Justice and Law. 1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 87 To form a Party, and maintain a Struggle for personal Power, under the Pretence and Umbrage of Principle. (b)1679 J. Smith Narr. Popish-plot 30 Under the Umbrage of Repairing a College, they were providing for the Ruine of a Kingdom.(c)1709 H. Sacheverell Perils False Brethren 9 Should we cover such a False Apostle under the Sacred Umbrage of a True Church-Man?1720 T. Gordon & J. Trenchard Independent Whig No. 32 Under the Colour and Umbrage of Significant and decent Ceremonies, the most ridiculous and immodest Usages have been introduced.1723 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 27. ¶13 Under the Umbrage of Adorers, [they] make themselves Masters. †7. to be, or stand in, (..) umbrage , to be in disfavour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > be out of favour [verb (intransitive)] to be, or stand in, (‥) umbrage1641 to be in (a person's) black books1771 1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C2^v On the fall of the Duke, he stood some yeares in umbradge, and without imployment. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 110 He knew Sir James stood in some Umbrage with the King. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 119 Being suspected at least a Favourer of the Papists,..by which he was in great umbrage with the People. 8. Displeasure, annoyance, offence, resentment: a. In the phrase to give (..) umbrage (to a person or persons). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > arouse indignation or resentment offendc1425 ranklea1450 to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1560 to give (‥) umbrage1620 pique1697 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent i. 28 He..therefore besought them to take away all those words that might giue him any Vmbrage. 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 63 It will not be convenient to give him any umbrage by seeing me with another person. 1686 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 510 Which Dispensation..gave umbrage (as well it might) to every good Protestant. 1740 W. Somervile Hobbinol i. 242 Be thou, my Muse! No leaky Blab, nor painful Umbrage give To wealthy Squire. 1771 W. Shirley in J. W. Fletcher Vindic. Minutes i. 8 How often..do men sneakingly forsake their friends,..for fear of giving umbrage to a superior party or interest. 1796 G. Washington Let. in Writings (1892) XIII. 263 Unless my pacific disposition was displeasing, nothing else could have given umbrage by the most rigid construction of the letter. 1842 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) I. i. 5 The sermon, when printed, gave great umbrage to the parliamentary party. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 314 Both Antiochus and Seleucus..abstained from any proceedings that could give umbrage to their new subjects. b. In the phrase to take (..) umbrage (at; also without const. or with clause). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] to pick (also peck) mooda1225 disdaina1382 endeigna1382 indeign1382 risec1390 to take offencea1393 to take pepper in the nose1520 stomach1557 offenda1578 sdeigna1593 huff1598 to snuff pepper1624 check1635 to bear, owe (a person) a grudge1657 to take check1663 to take (‥) umbrage1683 to ride rusty1709 to flame out, up1753 to take a niff1777 niff1841 spleen1885 to put one's shoulder out1886 to have (or get) the spike1890 derry1896 (a) 1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1720) I. 439 The Allies had taken great Umbrage at my Journey to the Hague. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 138 If any Opposition had been offer'd them in the Country, or any Umbrage taken at their Design. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. viii, in Hist. Wks. (1813) II. 49 James himself, though he prudently concealed it, took great umbrage at her behaviour. 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. x. xiv. 543 However, as to his having called me a blockhead, it's not what I take umbrage at. 1822 Lauder's Chronol. Notes 5 The Bishop..took umbrage at his freedom of speech in the pulpit anent the government. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. v. 305 We find no mention of any umbrage being taken at certain strains of prerogative. 1862 C. Kingsley Alton Locke (new ed.) Pref. p. v Many of them..have taken umbrage at certain scenes of Cambridge life drawn in this book. 1883 T. Martin Life Ld. Lyndhurst ix. 231 A less kindly-tempered man..would have taken umbrage at the tone of this letter. (b)1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 197 The subjects of the Can of Schirvan began to take Umbrage.1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xi. 79 Fearing the captain and his lady would take so much umbrage, as to leave his carriage.1813 W. Scott Rokeby iii. 134 Our stout Knight..Took umbrage that a friend so near Refused to share his chace and cheer.1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. III. 152 Many close at hand took umbrage lest they themselves were being supplanted. c. In other constructions. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [noun] wrathc900 disdain1297 indignationc1384 heavinessc1386 gall1390 offencea1393 mislikinga1400 despitec1400 rankling?a1425 jealousyc1475 grudge1477 engaigne1489 grutch1541 outrage1572 dudgeon1573 indignance1590 indignity1596 spleen1596 resentiment1606 dolour1609 resentment1613 endugine1638 stomachosity1656 ressentiment1658 resent1680 umbrage1724 resentfulness1735 niff1777 indignancy1790 saeva indignatio1796 hard feeling1803 grudgement1845 to have a chip on one's shoulder1856 affrontedness1878 spike1890 1724 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 140 They all have your case very much at heart, and all the umbrage is over. 1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 23 Whether the steps taken by the queen gave them new cause of umbrage. 1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin xx. 218 A very good-natured laugh from the others showed how little umbrage the frank avowal excited. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2022). umbragev. Brit. /ˈʌmbrɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈəmbrɪdʒ/ Forms: Also 1600s ombrage. Etymology: < umbrage n., or < French ombrager , -ier , †umbrager , -ier , < ombrage : see umbrage n. Compare also Italian ombreggiare. 1. transitive. To shade or shadow; also figurative, to overshadow, put in the shade. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame shamec1400 to put down1494 extinguish1551 stain1557 overshadow1581 cloud1582 defacea1592 shend1596 to lay up1601 to shine down1623 dazzle1643 umbrage1647 foila1687 efface1717 eclipse1718 shade?1748 put into the shade1796 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 to put to shame1854 to leave (a person) standing1864 to lay over1869 blanket1884 upstage1921 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade shadowa1366 shadec1400 umberc1400 umbrage1647 parasol1799 enshade18.. α. 1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. To Vmbrage or shadow, beschaduwen. 1658 J. Webb tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 8th Pt. viii. 93 A man..whose valour umbraged theirs, and whose words they had found so true to their confusion. 1738 G. Smith Curious Relations I. iv. 465 They were separated from one another with Rails, and umbraged with a Sort of Canopy. 1804 A. Seward Mem. Dr. Darwin 123 Rude gives an idea of barrenness, and Matlock is luxuriantly umbraged. 1888 Harper's Mag. Apr. 733/2 A ridge or hillock heavily umbraged with the rounded foliage of evergreen oaks. β. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Omschaduwen, to Shaddowe About, or to Ombrage.1652 F. Kirkman tr. A. Du Périer Loves Clerio & Lozia 16 His Hat was ombraged with a plume of black Herons Feathers. †2. a. To colour over, disguise. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] heeleOE dernc893 mitheeOE wryOE buryc1175 hidec1200 dilla1300 laina1375 keepa1382 wrapa1382 cover1382 conceala1393 curea1400 shroud1412 veilc1460 smorec1480 cele1484 suppress1533 wrap1560 smoulder1571 squat1577 muffle1582 estrange1611 screen1621 lock1646 umbrage1675 reserve1719 restrict1802 hugger-mugger1803 mask1841 ward1881 thimblerig1899 marzipan1974 1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 312 If she mentioned others, it was by way of caution, only to secure her self, and Umbrage what she said that it might down the better. †b. To give a pretext or ground for. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > serve as a motive for > use as a pretext for umbrage1689 1689 E. Hickeringill Speech Without-doors 35 Like that young Gallant, studying what he should see in her [sc. an old woman] to Vmbrage the fondness of his Embraces. 3. To offend, displease. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] > displease mislikeeOE ofthinkeOE misquemeOE likec1175 forthinka1225 mispay?c1225 annoyc1300 there glads (also gains, games) him no gleec1300 unpay1340 offenda1382 to be displeasedc1386 to step or tread on the toes ofc1394 mispleasea1400 unlikea1425 edgec1450 injurea1492 discontenta1513 disdain1530 to set (a person's) teeth on edge1535 displeasure1541 mis-set?1553 dislike1578 to tread on any one's heels or toes1710 flisk1792 unentrance1834 to tread on any one's cornsa1855 umbragea1894 the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)] > excite to indignation or resentment grieve1362 disdain1530 stomach1596 rufflea1616 disoblige1632 pique1671 huff1793 miff1811 umbragea1894 dudgeon1906 a1894 R. L. Stevenson St. Ives (1898) xxiv May I help myself to wine without umbraging you. Derivatives ˈumbraged adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [adjective] > casting a shadow > overshadowed > lying in shade or abounding in shade shadowy1398 shadowed1400 umbrous1480 shadowish1530 shadeful1563 shadowous1585 shady1589 umbrageous1622 shaded1635 swaly1820 adumbral1855 umbraged1890 1663 G. Mackenzie Religio Stoici 12 Intimating thereby that umbrag'd silence was an excellent Shryn for sincere devotions. 1890 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. May 667 A park, a wood, an umbraged lane. ˈumbraging adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > [adjective] maskinga1387 maskeringc1400 mazingc1449 mazefula1586 perplexing1585 distraughtful1594 confounding1595 confusive1611 perplexful1618 distracting1632 distractive1633 perplexivea1637 obstupefying1660 perplexitivea1665 posing1666 distractious1667 nonplussing1670 umbraging1683 gravelling1686 embarrassing1691 wildering1742 distractful1746 staggering1769 baffling1783 bewildering1792 head-scratching1827 mystifyingc1827 mystificatory1830 riddlesome1843 confusing1846 1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor To Noble Subscribers sig. B2^v They are divulged either by umbraging Sophistications, or concealed under the Name of Philosophical Secrets. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1426v.1647
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