umbon.

Brit.

/ˈʌmbəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈəmboʊ/

Forms: Plural umbones /ʌmˈbəʊniːz/, umbos.

Etymology: < Latin umbo, umbōnis shield-boss, knob, projection, etc. Compare French ombon (in sense 1).

1. The boss of a shield, usually in or near the centre, and sometimes having a sharp point.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > boss

bossc1405

summita1425

umbo1721

omphalos1857

1721 J. Swift George-Nim-Dan-Dean's Answer in Poems 33 Like the umbo of the Romans Which fiercest foes could break by no means.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Umbo, in antiquity, the round protuberant part of a shield.

1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. iv. 268 Many of the shields of the same period were made chiefly of wood and leather, with the central umbo of bronze.

1899 R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. vii. 240 Similar relics..were associated with the iron umbo of a shield.

2. A projection of a round or conical form; a knob.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [noun] > a protuberance or protuberant part > knob

knob?a1425

knottle?a1500

bob1601

node1681

nub1696

umbo1753

button1758

knule1824

onion1825

umbonation1872

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Umbunculus..was after~wards used to express the inequalities on the surfaces of flints and agates, which frequently are roundish and obtuse and represent a kind of umbones.

1832 W. Gell Pompeiana I. vi. 116 The hot-water bath..consists in a vase or tazza of white marble... In the centre is a projection, or umbo, rising from the bottom.

a. Conchology. The point at which a univalve shell, or each valve of a bivalve shell, is most protuberant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > Testacea (shelled molluscs) > shelled mollusc > shell > part of

auricle1665

heel1673

lip1681

mouth1681

whirl1681

rib1711

antihelix1721

canal1734

columella1755

vesture1755

body whirl1776

fent1776

pillar1776

pillar-lip1776

septum1786

aperture1794

body whorl1807

costa1812

seam1816

spine1822

umbo1822

varix1822

peristome1828

summit1828

nucleus1833

concameration1835

lunula1835

nympha1836

nymph1839

lunule1842

peritreme1848

body chamber1851

axis1866

umbone1867

liration1904

singular.

1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 228 Terebratula semiglobosa:..tumid, very smooth; umbo raised, margin entirely without plicæ.

1877 C. W. Thomson Voy. ‘Challenger’ II. i. 5 The carina is a handsome plate, very uniformly arched, with the umbo placed at the apex.

plural.1824 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Apr. 16 The umbones, which are unusually small, have scarcely any convexity.1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. (1850) App. i. 699 A byssiferous canal passing out of the umbos at the margin of the shell.1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 54 The bivalve shell of the fresh-water mussel,..with its ligament and its umbones.

b. Entomology. (See quot. 1826.)

ΚΠ

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 368 Umbones (the Bosses), two moveable bosses surmounted by a spine, with which the Prothorax of the Coleopterous genus Macropus is armed.

c. Botany. The knob or prominence in the centre of the pileus of a fungus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of

pileus1760

hat1775

rind1788

spherule1796

Rhizomorpha1802

stipe1821

peridium1823

umbo1836

ambrosia1840

holdfast1841

rhizomorph1848

peridiole1857

trama1857

pileole1858

pileolus1858

byssus1866

rhabdus1866

conidiophore1874

appressorium1897

1836 M. J. Berkeley in J. E. Smith Eng. Flora V. ii. 28 Agaricus rufus... Pileus 3 inches broad, plano-convex, slightly or strongly umbonate with a depression round the umbo as the plant advances.

1871 M. C. Cooke Handbk. Brit. Fungi 186 Pileus 1–2 in. broad, purple brown,..umbonate, the umbo generally subumbilicate.

d. Zoology. One of the perforated ambulacral plates of echinoderms.

ΚΠ

1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 630/1 The ambulacra..have near their outer edge small shield-like spaces, umbones,..perforated by pairs of small orifices or pores for the protrusion of the feet.

4. Pathology. A central patch in an efflorescence or other affection of the skin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > eruption > [noun] > spot of > control of

umbo1822

umbilication1873

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 542 Efflorescence in blushing patches..often alternately fading and reviving; sometimes with a colourless umbo.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 612 Even the area partakes of the vesication and becomes an umbo.

5. Anatomy. (See first quot.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > ear-drum > parts of

drumhead1615

umbo1877

attic1889

1877 C. H. Burnett Ear 51 The lower end of the manubrium draws the membrana tympani inward very markedly, and forms that depressed spot in the centre called the umbo.

1902 Hughes & Keith Man. Pract. Anat. III. 281 The membrane is concave externally, the umbo forming the deepest point of the concavity.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	umbo
释义	umbon. Brit. /ˈʌmbəʊ/, U.S. /ˈəmboʊ/ Forms: Plural umbones /ʌmˈbəʊniːz/, umbos. Etymology: < Latin umbo, umbōnis shield-boss, knob, projection, etc. Compare French ombon (in sense 1). 1. The boss of a shield, usually in or near the centre, and sometimes having a sharp point. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > boss bossc1405 summita1425 umbo1721 omphalos1857 1721 J. Swift George-Nim-Dan-Dean's Answer in Poems 33 Like the umbo of the Romans Which fiercest foes could break by no means. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Umbo, in antiquity, the round protuberant part of a shield. 1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. iv. 268 Many of the shields of the same period were made chiefly of wood and leather, with the central umbo of bronze. 1899 R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. vii. 240 Similar relics..were associated with the iron umbo of a shield. 2. A projection of a round or conical form; a knob. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [noun] > a protuberance or protuberant part > knob knob?a1425 knottle?a1500 bob1601 node1681 nub1696 umbo1753 button1758 knule1824 onion1825 umbonation1872 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Umbunculus..was after~wards used to express the inequalities on the surfaces of flints and agates, which frequently are roundish and obtuse and represent a kind of umbones. 1832 W. Gell Pompeiana I. vi. 116 The hot-water bath..consists in a vase or tazza of white marble... In the centre is a projection, or umbo, rising from the bottom. 3. a. Conchology. The point at which a univalve shell, or each valve of a bivalve shell, is most protuberant. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > Testacea (shelled molluscs) > shelled mollusc > shell > part of auricle1665 heel1673 lip1681 mouth1681 whirl1681 rib1711 antihelix1721 canal1734 columella1755 vesture1755 body whirl1776 fent1776 pillar1776 pillar-lip1776 septum1786 aperture1794 body whorl1807 costa1812 seam1816 spine1822 umbo1822 varix1822 peristome1828 summit1828 nucleus1833 concameration1835 lunula1835 nympha1836 nymph1839 lunule1842 peritreme1848 body chamber1851 axis1866 umbone1867 liration1904 singular. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 228 Terebratula semiglobosa:..tumid, very smooth; umbo raised, margin entirely without plicæ. 1877 C. W. Thomson Voy. ‘Challenger’ II. i. 5 The carina is a handsome plate, very uniformly arched, with the umbo placed at the apex. plural.1824 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Apr. 16 The umbones, which are unusually small, have scarcely any convexity.1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. (1850) App. i. 699 A byssiferous canal passing out of the umbos at the margin of the shell.1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 54 The bivalve shell of the fresh-water mussel,..with its ligament and its umbones. b. Entomology. (See quot. 1826.) ΚΠ 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 368 Umbones (the Bosses), two moveable bosses surmounted by a spine, with which the Prothorax of the Coleopterous genus Macropus is armed. c. Botany. The knob or prominence in the centre of the pileus of a fungus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of pileus1760 hat1775 rind1788 spherule1796 Rhizomorpha1802 stipe1821 peridium1823 umbo1836 ambrosia1840 holdfast1841 rhizomorph1848 peridiole1857 trama1857 pileole1858 pileolus1858 byssus1866 rhabdus1866 conidiophore1874 appressorium1897 1836 M. J. Berkeley in J. E. Smith Eng. Flora V. ii. 28 Agaricus rufus... Pileus 3 inches broad, plano-convex, slightly or strongly umbonate with a depression round the umbo as the plant advances. 1871 M. C. Cooke Handbk. Brit. Fungi 186 Pileus 1–2 in. broad, purple brown,..umbonate, the umbo generally subumbilicate. d. Zoology. One of the perforated ambulacral plates of echinoderms. ΚΠ 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 630/1 The ambulacra..have near their outer edge small shield-like spaces, umbones,..perforated by pairs of small orifices or pores for the protrusion of the feet. 4. Pathology. A central patch in an efflorescence or other affection of the skin. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > eruption > [noun] > spot of > control of umbo1822 umbilication1873 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 542 Efflorescence in blushing patches..often alternately fading and reviving; sometimes with a colourless umbo. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 612 Even the area partakes of the vesication and becomes an umbo. 5. Anatomy. (See first quot.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > ear-drum > parts of drumhead1615 umbo1877 attic1889 1877 C. H. Burnett Ear 51 The lower end of the manubrium draws the membrana tympani inward very markedly, and forms that depressed spot in the centre called the umbo. 1902 Hughes & Keith Man. Pract. Anat. III. 281 The membrane is concave externally, the umbo forming the deepest point of the concavity. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1721
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