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单词 umbe
释义

umbeprep.adv.

Forms: Old English–Middle English ymbe ( imbe), Old English–Middle English umbe (Middle English ummbe), Middle English umben; Middle English umb.
Etymology: Partly (1) Old English ymbe (with equivalent forms in the other Germanic languages; see below), whence southern Middle English ümbe (see also embe prep.); partly (2) an adoption of Old Norse umb (earlier form of um ; compare um- prefix and umb- prefix), whence the midland and northern forms. The form ummbe in the Ormulum is disyllabic (compare inne, onne, offe, etc.), and so presumably are the Middle English examples of the adverb. The Germanic forms corresponding to Old English ymbe (embe), ymb, are Old Frisian umbe, umme, um, ombe, omme, om (West Frisian om), Middle Dutch omme, om (Dutch om), Old Saxon umbi, um (Middle Low German umbe, umb, umme), Old High German umbi (umpi), umbe (Middle High German umbe, umme, umb, umm, um; also ümbe, etc.; German um), Old Norse umb, um (Icelandic and Norwegian um, Swedish and Danish om). The stem is represented in other Indo-European languages by Greek ἀμϕί (ἀμϕίσ), ἀμϕι-, Latin ambi-, Gaulish ambi-, Irish imb-, im(m)-.
Obsolete.
A. prep.
1. Around, about.
ΚΠ
971 Blickling Hom. 141 Ealle þa þe ymbe me standaþ.
OE Beowulf 2883 Wergendra to lyt þrong ymbe þeoden.
OE Beowulf 3169 Þa ymbe hlæw riodan hildedeore.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 218 Wið þæt reng-wyrmas ymbe þone nafolan derigen.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 38 Hire gurdel of bete gold is al, vmben hire middel smal.
a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 2209 Alexander als belyfe all vmbe þe cyte Mase iiij Mille to fonde.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1830 Ho laȝt a lace lyȝtly þat leke vmbe hir sydeȝ.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 879 Þus þay þrobled & þrong & þrwe vmbe his erez.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 335 Vmbe the sercle of the Citie was sothely a playne.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8745 A tabernacle triet & tristyly wroght;..Hit was atiryt vmb the top all with triet stones.
2.
a. About, concerning, of.
ΚΠ
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. xii. 422 Se arwyrða bisscop..feorr & wide Godes work ymbe Cristes geleafan bodade & lærde.
OE Beowulf 2070 Ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel.
c1000 Ags. Psalter (1835) xxxvii. 18 Forþæm ic andette Gode min unriht, and ic þence ymbe mine synna.
?a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1070 Þa þa hi þyder comon & umbe oþer þing gesprecon hæfdon umbe þæt hi sprecan woldon.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He dude þet heo weren..bodiende umbe godes riche.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 147 Þreo roden beoð þa ich umbe speche.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 304 Þatt tiss elysabæþ. Þatt we nu mælenn ummbe. Wass þuss off aaroness kinn.
b. Busied with, aiming at, seeking after.
ΚΠ
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 12 Ac hi æfre beoð ymbe þæt an, hu hi magon Gode hyrsumian.
a1200 St. Marher. 6 Helle hundes..haueð al biset me, ah þu, hehe healent, beo umbe me to helpen.
c1225 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 5 For-þi he is eaver umben to reare sum ladðe.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 162 He..Makeð hire feiȝer chere. & is umben euches weis þet ha him luuie inwardliche in hire heorte.
3. After (in time).
ΚΠ
c1000 Ælfric Genesis xvii. 21 Min wedd soðlice ic sette to Isaace, þone þe Sarra þe acenð on þisre tide nu ymbe twelfmonð.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) Pref. And þa gelamp hit imbe geara rina, þæt Scotta sum-dæl gewat of Ybernian on Brittene.
c1205 Lay. 2632 Vmben ane stunde, þa scipen ȝaru weoren.
c1205 Lay. 6617 Hit wes vmbe fif winter, seoððe he heonne ferde.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 518 Þes sondesmon, umbe long, þa he hefde al þet lond ourgan & þurhsoht, com [etc.].
4. umbe throwe adv. = umbewhile adv. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] > sometimes or occasionally
whiloma900
whilea1000
stoundmealc1000
stundumOE
otherwhileOE
umquhile1154
with and withc1175
by stoundsa1225
otherwhilesc1225
umbestound?c1225
umbewhilec1230
then and thenc1275
sometime…sometime1297
umstounda1300
by while13..
over while13..
sometime1340
umbe throwea1350
at timesa1382
now and again (also anon, eft, now)a1393
umbwhile1393
eftsoona1398
sometimea1400
by sithesc1400
umbestoundsc1400
from time to (formerly unto) time1423
now and (also or) then1445
ever now and nowa1470
when and whenc1470
occasionallya1475
in timesa1500
whiles?a1500
whilomsa1500
sometimes1526
somewhiles1528
at whiles1540
ever now and then1542
a-whiles1546
somewhiles…, somewhiles1547
at sometimes1548
now and thenc1550
ever and anon1558
by occasions1562
on (also upon) occasion1562
as soon…as soon1581
every now and then (also again)1642
by a time1721
once and a while1765
ever and again1788
periodically1825
in spots1851
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 31 We shule aryse vr fader byfore, þah fon vs fallen vmbe þrowe.
B. adv.
About, round.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [adverb]
umbeOE
umbetrinc1175
avirounc1300
roundc1300
aroundc1330
aboutsa1387
about rounda1393
compassa1400
round about?a1400
about-forthc1400
umbeturnc1400
acompassc1450
ambiently1659
aside1859
OE Beowulf 2597 Nealles him on heape handgesteallan, æðelinga bearn ymbe gestodon.
a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 2762 The ledes oute of Landace & all þe Landes vmbe.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 309 Þe grete flem of þy flod folded me vmbe.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. vii. 106 Do donge vppon and vmbe on euery side, And bynde hit to.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1455 Grete Troy was vp tild with mony toures vmbe.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : umbe-prefix
<
prep.adv.c900
see also
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