† umb-prefix
Apparently < Old Norse umb- (earlier form of um- um- prefix), corresponding to Middle Low German and Middle High German umb-, Old English ymb-, emb- (see umbe- prefix). In Middle English this form of the prefix is much rarer than the reduced um- prefix or the extended umbe- prefix, and occurs only in the following verbs:—The Old English ymb- was extensively employed in compound verbs, as ymbclippan, -lócian, -settan, -sníðan, -standan, -þencan, etc., and although not the phonetic antecedent of Middle English umb- may have had some influence on its use.
umbcast v. to surround.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > surround or beset
umbelaya1300
umclipa1300
umgivea1300
umsetc1340
umbracec1350
umbeseta1400
umclapa1400
umbewaltc1400
umbesiege1422
circumvene1526
umbcastc1540
umclosec1540
circumvent1553
to grasp up1609
surround1637
contain1899
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10420 Achilles..meuyt to his Mirmydons in maner before, Þe kyng to vmbcast, & close hym with-in.
umbclose v. to enclose.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)]
beloukOE
pind?c1225
closec1275
beshuta1300
to shut about13..
umbclosec1330
to close about1340
aclosec1350
in close1393
enclose?a1400
tinec1400
concludea1425
includec1425
wallc1430
underclosec1440
inclusea1450
hedgec1500
lista1513
inrail1523
interclude1524
fence1535
parclose1535
riba1547
pale1570
impale1579
embay1582
immure1583
upclosec1590
enchase1591
interclose1592
recinct1598
underfong1599
intermure1606
bound1609
engirt1627
bosom1637
infence1652
cancellate1664
circumclude1677
embosomc1750
comprehend1807
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4080 Lud..vmb-closed it [sc. London] wyþ a walle.
umbfold v. to embrace.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)]
clipc950
freeOE
beclipc1000
windc1175
fang?c1200
yokec1275
umgripea1300
to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300
umbefold14..
collc1320
lapc1350
bracec1375
embracec1386
clapa1400
folda1400
halsea1400
umbeclapa1400
accollc1400
fathomc1400
halchc1400
haspc1400
hoderc1440
plighta1450
plet?a1500
cuddlec1520
complect1523
umbfoldc1540
clasp1549
culla1564
cully1576
huggle1583
embosom1590
wrap1594
collya1600
cling1607
bosom1608
grasp1609
comply1648
huddlea1650
smuggle1679
inarm1713
snuggle1775
cwtch1965
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8496 Sho braid with the barne to þe bare erthe, Vmbfoldyt his fete, felle vnto swone.
umblay v. to wrap round.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)]
bewindOE
writheOE
windc1175
bewrap?c1225
lapa1300
umbelaya1300
umbeweave1338
wlappec1380
enwrapa1382
wrapa1382
inlap1382
envelop1386
forwrapc1386
hapc1390
umbeclapa1400
umbethonrea1400
umblaya1400
wapc1420
biwlappea1425
revolve?a1425
to roll up?a1425
roll?c1425
to roll ina1475
wimple1513
to wind up?1533
invest1548
circumvolve1607
awrap1609
weave1620
sheet1621
obvolve1623
embowdle1625
amict1657
wry1674
woold1775
overwrap1815
wrapper1885
wrapper1905
weve-
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 22069 And als it in ur leuedi liȝte,—Þe hali gaste þurȝ godis miȝte,—And umblaide hir wiþ his leme To brede þate blisful barneteme.
umblook v. to look round.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see or look [verb (reflexive)] > look around
belookc1230
to look about ——c1300
umbeholda1400
umblooka1400
umheeda1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 26406 Þer-of saltow þe vmbloke [Vesp. vmlok] of cases iiij. I finde in boke.
umbset v. to surround.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)]
befong971
beclipc1000
begoc1000
belieOE
bestandc1000
to go about ——OE
umbegangc1200
behema1250
befallc1275
berunc1275
girdc1290
bihalvena1300
umlapa1300
umlaya1300
umlouka1300
umbegoc1300
belayc1320
halsea1340
enclose1340
umbelapa1350
embracec1360
betrendc1374
circlec1374
umbecasta1375
to give about1382
environa1393
umbeclipa1395
compassa1400
encircle?a1400
enourle?a1400
umbegivea1400
umbeseta1400
umbeliec1400
umbetighc1400
enroundc1420
measurec1425
umbsteadc1450
adviron?1473
purprise1481
umbeviron1489
belta1500
girtha1500
overgirda1500
engirt15..
envirea1513
round?a1513
brace1513
umbereach1513
becompass1520
circuea1533
girtc1540
umbsetc1540
circule1553
encompass1555
circulate?a1560
ingyre1568
to do about1571
engird1573
circumdate1578
succinge1578
employ1579
circuate1581
girdle1582
wheel1582
circumgyre1583
enring1589
ringa1592
embail1593
enfold1596
invier1596
stem1596
circumcingle1599
ingert1599
engirdle1602
circulize1603
circumscribe1605
begirt1608
to go round1610
enwheela1616
surround1616
shingle1621
encirculize1624
circumviron1632
beround1643
orba1644
circumference1646
becircle1648
incircuitc1650
circumcinge1657
circumtend1684
besiege1686
cincture1789
zone1795
cravat1814
encincture1820
circumvent1824
begirdle1837
perambulate1863
cordon1891
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10433 Þe Mirmydons to Menon myghtily þronge, Vmbset hym on yche side, sesit hym onon.
umbstead v. to surround.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)]
befong971
beclipc1000
begoc1000
belieOE
bestandc1000
to go about ——OE
umbegangc1200
behema1250
befallc1275
berunc1275
girdc1290
bihalvena1300
umlapa1300
umlaya1300
umlouka1300
umbegoc1300
belayc1320
halsea1340
enclose1340
umbelapa1350
embracec1360
betrendc1374
circlec1374
umbecasta1375
to give about1382
environa1393
umbeclipa1395
compassa1400
encircle?a1400
enourle?a1400
umbegivea1400
umbeseta1400
umbeliec1400
umbetighc1400
enroundc1420
measurec1425
umbsteadc1450
adviron?1473
purprise1481
umbeviron1489
belta1500
girtha1500
overgirda1500
engirt15..
envirea1513
round?a1513
brace1513
umbereach1513
becompass1520
circuea1533
girtc1540
umbsetc1540
circule1553
encompass1555
circulate?a1560
ingyre1568
to do about1571
engird1573
circumdate1578
succinge1578
employ1579
circuate1581
girdle1582
wheel1582
circumgyre1583
enring1589
ringa1592
embail1593
enfold1596
invier1596
stem1596
circumcingle1599
ingert1599
engirdle1602
circulize1603
circumscribe1605
begirt1608
to go round1610
enwheela1616
surround1616
shingle1621
encirculize1624
circumviron1632
beround1643
orba1644
circumference1646
becircle1648
incircuitc1650
circumcinge1657
circumtend1684
besiege1686
cincture1789
zone1795
cravat1814
encincture1820
circumvent1824
begirdle1837
perambulate1863
cordon1891
c1450 Mirk's Festial 64 Techyng his good chyldryn, forto haue yn mynde how hard he ys vmbstad wyth deth on yche syde.
umbthink v. to bethink (oneself of something).
ΘΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > bethink oneself, consider [verb (reflexive)]
bethink?c1225
to be bethoughtc1250
beredec1275
counselc1290
umbethinka1300
umthinka1300
visea1330
advisec1380
umbthinka1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21667 Qua wil umbþink him in his mode Mai finde fele takins of þe rode.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 19891 Quiles saint peter him vmbþoȝt of þis siȝt quat hit takin muȝt.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2020).
<
prefixc1330