brownstonen.

Brit.

/ˈbraʊnstəʊn/, U.S.

/ˈbraʊnˌstoʊn/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: brown adj., stone n.

Etymology: < brown adj. + stone n.In sense 1 after German Braunstein (1562; 1645 in the source translated in quot. 1657).

1. A brownish-black ore of manganese consisting chiefly of manganese dioxide, MnO₂; = pyrolusite n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > rutile and uranite groups A02 > manganese dioxide

brownstone1657

manganese1662

magnesia1677

soap of glass1815

pyrolusite1828

varvicite1829

polianite1849

manganese dioxide1866

pelagite1876

manganese oxide1882

1657 tr. B. Valentinus Last Will & Test. ii. vi. 93 Secondly, the Brown-stone, out of which is made glasse and iron colour.

1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory iii. 97 A Brown Colour. Take of common Glass, and Manganese or Brown-Stone, of each one part, Lead Glass 12 parts.

1875 tr. H. W. Vogel Chem. Light & Photogr. xvii. 270 Hyper-oxide of manganese also named brownstone.

1939 Bull. Hygiene July 539/1 Various authors associate the effects of brownstone (pyrolusite) and basic slag with their content of silica, manganese and iron.

2007 H. F. Bender & P. Eisenbarth Hazardous Chem. iii. 44 Many important industrial chemicals are classified as harmful, e.g..the inorganic compounds iodine, brownstone (manganese dioxide), dimercury dichloride (calomel), vanadium pentoxide, and many compounds of copper and cobalt.

2. A kind of pottery; brown stoneware. Chiefly as modifier.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > stoneware > types of

brownstone1761

ironstone china1814

stone-china1825

lava ware1860

grès de Flandres1872

queen's ware1872

Doulton ware1874

tiger-ware1874

scratched blue1883

Rhenish stoneware1897

protoporcelain1904

scratch blue1924

1761 Invoice (R. Cary & Co.) 31 Mar. in G. Washington Papers (1990) VII. 29 4 Qt Mugs brown Stone.

1810 London Gaz. No. 16394. 1191/2 The Copartnership..between us the undersigned Sampson Boys Harman and Charles Machell, of Salisbury-Street, Bermondsey, Brown-Stone-Potters.

1834 Newcastle Jrnl. 11 Jan. (advt.) To be sold by auction... All the stock in trade of a stone pot manufacturer, consisting of a large quantity of excellent brown stone jugs, jars, bottles of different sizes, [etc.].

1902 W. P. Jervis Encycl. Ceramics 418 The earliest known dated example of Nottingham brownstone ware, for which the town was celebrated, is a posset pot dated 1700.

1979 B. Packer Second Death of Samuel Auer iv. 308 They had dumped the salt and pepper into the garbage can and were crushing out their butts in the brownstone mug.

2005 I. C. Esslemont Night of Knives (2008) 80 Anji passed, a brownstone jug on one hip, refilling mugs.

a. Any of various kinds of brown stone (typically sandstone) used for building; esp. a dark reddish-brown sandstone formerly widely used in the north-eastern United States.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] > well-off

wellc1405

sufficient1436

full?1483

suffisant1484

beina1525

warmc1571

well-breeched1571

meaned1605

well-meaned1605

well-lined1611

substanced?1614

well-circumstanced1643

forehanded1658

uppish1678

easy1701

brownstone1780

forehand1784

solid1788

well-to-do1794

snug1801

strong farmer1802

well-fixed1822

unindigent1830

well off1842

fixed1844

comfortably offc1850

heeled1871

well-heeled1871

well in1888

independent1893

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > other oxides > other oxides of manganese

magnus1640

brownstone1780

manganite1827

braunite1839

manganoso-manganic oxide1845

bog manganese1875

manganese oxide1882

manganosite1884

manganostibite1887

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > types of sandstone for building

heath-stone1447

brownstone1780

Mansfield1842

pietra serena1873

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > others

firestone1399

hassock1461

red stone1602

penistone1688

bluestone1709

gingerbread1714

brownstone1780

molasse1794

Old Red Sandstone1805

chip sand1808

fox-bench1816

New Red Sandstone1818

grey band1824

arkose1839

cankstone1845

St. Bees Sandstone1865

pietra serena1873

Ham Hill stone1889

1780 A. Young Tour Ireland 298 Brown stone rocks are also sometimes found on lime quarries.

1834 Trumansburg (N.Y.) Advertiser & Weekly Misc. 24 Sept. The present structure [sc. the First Presbyterian Church in Wall st.] was built of brown stone, the front being ornamented with pillars of the same material.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 403/1 In the central and eastern districts [of Cork county] the same rocks occur in the form of brownish purple sandstone and shales—‘brownstones’... They are locally extensively used as building stones.

1970 Connecticut Hist. Soc. Apr. 57 The business of quarrying brownstone and stonecutting was the chief reason for the origin and growth of this village.

2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 16 July a19/2 He noted that brownstone—the sandstone material that makes up most of the church—is especially susceptible to the weather and needs constant care.

b. U.S. A building faced with this kind of stone; used esp. of large townhouses of a kind that were built in the north-eastern United States (esp. in New York City) in the later 19th century. In later use also used more vaguely to refer to any townhouse of this general type.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun]

brownstone1868

house type1895

maisonette1949

multi1986

1868 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 28 Nov. (advt.) To let—a first-class brown stone house..superb location, convenient to the cars; it is the most westerly of 10 brown stones on the north side of Third st.

1871 J. F. Richmond N.Y. & its Institutions iv. 118 Cooper Institute, a fine six-story brown-stone, covering a block between Seventh and Eighth streets, Third and Fourth avenues.

1948 Time 8 Mar. 25/1 Nightclubs in sorry brownstones.

1967 A. Lewin Unaltered Cat i. ii. 24 A place very like her own, a made-over brownstone only two blocks away.

2019 A. Ridker Altruists xiv. 223 Francine scheduled an appointment at a family-run bridal shop on the garden level of a Victorian brownstone in the Back Bay.

Compounds

C1. Chiefly U.S. Used as a modifier to designate (parts of) buildings faced with brownstone (sense 3a), and the facings themselves; later also referring to other townhouses of the same general type (cf. sense 3b).

ΚΠ

1847 N.Y. Herald 26 Feb. (advt.) To let.—A first class 4 story store, brown stone front, 25 by 80, and with all modern improvements.

1851 Knickerbocker Dec. 636 She was living, at the close of the book, in a large brown-stone house in the Fifth Avenue.

1863 Hall's Jrnl. Health Apr. 92 The gangrenous green which defaces the ‘risers’ in the steps which lead into our brown-stone mansions.

1938 Connecticut: Guide to Roads, Lore, & People (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 262 St James Episcopal Church..is a brownstone building..with a high spire and heavy buttresses.

2013 Trailfinder Autumn 24/1 Cobblestone streets and brownstone buildings abound in Dumbo (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass).

†C2. U.S. As a modifier, with reference to members of the prosperous class who were regarded as typical owners or occupants of brownstone houses in the later 19th century. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1865 ‘G. Hamilton’ New Atmosphere 32 The brown-stone friends are shocked and scandalized.

1875 Nation (N.Y.) 11 Nov. 299/2 The Reformers, including the Brown-Stone Voter, made the remarkable discovery that Tammany was still impure.

1909 N.Y. Sun Nov. 6 The ‘brownstone vote’, as it is called, is cast as completely as is the vote of the most crowded tenement house districts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	brownstone
释义	brownstonen. Brit. /ˈbraʊnstəʊn/, U.S. /ˈbraʊnˌstoʊn/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: brown adj., stone n. Etymology: < brown adj. + stone n.In sense 1 after German Braunstein (1562; 1645 in the source translated in quot. 1657). 1. A brownish-black ore of manganese consisting chiefly of manganese dioxide, MnO₂; = pyrolusite n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > rutile and uranite groups A02 > manganese dioxide brownstone1657 manganese1662 magnesia1677 soap of glass1815 pyrolusite1828 varvicite1829 polianite1849 manganese dioxide1866 pelagite1876 manganese oxide1882 1657 tr. B. Valentinus Last Will & Test. ii. vi. 93 Secondly, the Brown-stone, out of which is made glasse and iron colour. 1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory iii. 97 A Brown Colour. Take of common Glass, and Manganese or Brown-Stone, of each one part, Lead Glass 12 parts. 1875 tr. H. W. Vogel Chem. Light & Photogr. xvii. 270 Hyper-oxide of manganese also named brownstone. 1939 Bull. Hygiene July 539/1 Various authors associate the effects of brownstone (pyrolusite) and basic slag with their content of silica, manganese and iron. 2007 H. F. Bender & P. Eisenbarth Hazardous Chem. iii. 44 Many important industrial chemicals are classified as harmful, e.g..the inorganic compounds iodine, brownstone (manganese dioxide), dimercury dichloride (calomel), vanadium pentoxide, and many compounds of copper and cobalt. 2. A kind of pottery; brown stoneware. Chiefly as modifier. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > stoneware > types of brownstone1761 ironstone china1814 stone-china1825 lava ware1860 grès de Flandres1872 queen's ware1872 Doulton ware1874 tiger-ware1874 scratched blue1883 Rhenish stoneware1897 protoporcelain1904 scratch blue1924 1761 Invoice (R. Cary & Co.) 31 Mar. in G. Washington Papers (1990) VII. 29 4 Qt Mugs brown Stone. 1810 London Gaz. No. 16394. 1191/2 The Copartnership..between us the undersigned Sampson Boys Harman and Charles Machell, of Salisbury-Street, Bermondsey, Brown-Stone-Potters. 1834 Newcastle Jrnl. 11 Jan. (advt.) To be sold by auction... All the stock in trade of a stone pot manufacturer, consisting of a large quantity of excellent brown stone jugs, jars, bottles of different sizes, [etc.]. 1902 W. P. Jervis Encycl. Ceramics 418 The earliest known dated example of Nottingham brownstone ware, for which the town was celebrated, is a posset pot dated 1700. 1979 B. Packer Second Death of Samuel Auer iv. 308 They had dumped the salt and pepper into the garbage can and were crushing out their butts in the brownstone mug. 2005 I. C. Esslemont Night of Knives (2008) 80 Anji passed, a brownstone jug on one hip, refilling mugs. 3. a. Any of various kinds of brown stone (typically sandstone) used for building; esp. a dark reddish-brown sandstone formerly widely used in the north-eastern United States. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] > well-off wellc1405 sufficient1436 full?1483 suffisant1484 beina1525 warmc1571 well-breeched1571 meaned1605 well-meaned1605 well-lined1611 substanced?1614 well-circumstanced1643 forehanded1658 uppish1678 easy1701 brownstone1780 forehand1784 solid1788 well-to-do1794 snug1801 strong farmer1802 well-fixed1822 unindigent1830 well off1842 fixed1844 comfortably offc1850 heeled1871 well-heeled1871 well in1888 independent1893 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > other oxides > other oxides of manganese magnus1640 brownstone1780 manganite1827 braunite1839 manganoso-manganic oxide1845 bog manganese1875 manganese oxide1882 manganosite1884 manganostibite1887 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > types of sandstone for building heath-stone1447 brownstone1780 Mansfield1842 pietra serena1873 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > others firestone1399 hassock1461 red stone1602 penistone1688 bluestone1709 gingerbread1714 brownstone1780 molasse1794 Old Red Sandstone1805 chip sand1808 fox-bench1816 New Red Sandstone1818 grey band1824 arkose1839 cankstone1845 St. Bees Sandstone1865 pietra serena1873 Ham Hill stone1889 1780 A. Young Tour Ireland 298 Brown stone rocks are also sometimes found on lime quarries. 1834 Trumansburg (N.Y.) Advertiser & Weekly Misc. 24 Sept. The present structure [sc. the First Presbyterian Church in Wall st.] was built of brown stone, the front being ornamented with pillars of the same material. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 403/1 In the central and eastern districts [of Cork county] the same rocks occur in the form of brownish purple sandstone and shales—‘brownstones’... They are locally extensively used as building stones. 1970 Connecticut Hist. Soc. Apr. 57 The business of quarrying brownstone and stonecutting was the chief reason for the origin and growth of this village. 2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 16 July a19/2 He noted that brownstone—the sandstone material that makes up most of the church—is especially susceptible to the weather and needs constant care. b. U.S. A building faced with this kind of stone; used esp. of large townhouses of a kind that were built in the north-eastern United States (esp. in New York City) in the later 19th century. In later use also used more vaguely to refer to any townhouse of this general type. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] brownstone1868 house type1895 maisonette1949 multi1986 1868 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 28 Nov. (advt.) To let—a first-class brown stone house..superb location, convenient to the cars; it is the most westerly of 10 brown stones on the north side of Third st. 1871 J. F. Richmond N.Y. & its Institutions iv. 118 Cooper Institute, a fine six-story brown-stone, covering a block between Seventh and Eighth streets, Third and Fourth avenues. 1948 Time 8 Mar. 25/1 Nightclubs in sorry brownstones. 1967 A. Lewin Unaltered Cat i. ii. 24 A place very like her own, a made-over brownstone only two blocks away. 2019 A. Ridker Altruists xiv. 223 Francine scheduled an appointment at a family-run bridal shop on the garden level of a Victorian brownstone in the Back Bay. Compounds C1. Chiefly U.S. Used as a modifier to designate (parts of) buildings faced with brownstone (sense 3a), and the facings themselves; later also referring to other townhouses of the same general type (cf. sense 3b). ΚΠ 1847 N.Y. Herald 26 Feb. (advt.) To let.—A first class 4 story store, brown stone front, 25 by 80, and with all modern improvements. 1851 Knickerbocker Dec. 636 She was living, at the close of the book, in a large brown-stone house in the Fifth Avenue. 1863 Hall's Jrnl. Health Apr. 92 The gangrenous green which defaces the ‘risers’ in the steps which lead into our brown-stone mansions. 1938 Connecticut: Guide to Roads, Lore, & People (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 262 St James Episcopal Church..is a brownstone building..with a high spire and heavy buttresses. 2013 Trailfinder Autumn 24/1 Cobblestone streets and brownstone buildings abound in Dumbo (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass). †C2. U.S. As a modifier, with reference to members of the prosperous class who were regarded as typical owners or occupants of brownstone houses in the later 19th century. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1865 ‘G. Hamilton’ New Atmosphere 32 The brown-stone friends are shocked and scandalized. 1875 Nation (N.Y.) 11 Nov. 299/2 The Reformers, including the Brown-Stone Voter, made the remarkable discovery that Tammany was still impure. 1909 N.Y. Sun Nov. 6 The ‘brownstone vote’, as it is called, is cast as completely as is the vote of the most crowded tenement house districts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1657
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