† browningn.¹

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: brown adj., -ing suffix³.

Etymology: Apparently < brown adj. + -ing suffix³. Compare earlier brownie n.¹ 1.

Obsolete.

= brownie n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > brownie

browniea1522

browning1601

lubber fiend1645

urisk1806

dobby1811

silky1822

nisse1828

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 2 He..that calls for nothing else at sea but winde; and neuer rests till Browning be come.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Briefe Catal. Words of Art Browning, a term vsuall in the mouths of mariners and winnowers of corne, when they are calmed and do call for wind.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

browningn.²

Brit.

/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/

Etymology: < brown v.

1. The action or process of making or becoming brown. (Browning of polished iron: see the verb.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > [noun]

browning1791

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. 346 To give a browning, stuff which has just been dyed must be dipped, etc.

1808 Morning Post Oct. 3 The cropping of the soldiers' hair is to be followed by the browning of the hitherto bright barrel and lock of the musket.

1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 396 Shrivelling and browning of the leaves of trees.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 254 The process of browning takes from four to eight days.

2. Cookery. A preparation for imparting a brown colour to gravy or made dishes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > colouring agents > [noun]

saffronc1450

crocus1659

pot marigold1760

browning1769

parsley green1845

butter colour1877

food colouring1887

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper To Rdr. p. iii Lemon Pickle and Browning answers..better than Cullis.

1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) v. 42 Take..one spoonful of red wine, half as much of browning.

Draft additions June 2021

The process or fact of developing or including within a country, community, or group a higher proportion of people who are not primarily of white European origin or descent.Earliest in the browning of America, popularized by Vernon Jordan, U.S. civil rights activist: see quot. 1971. [probably after The Greening of America (1970), the title of a book by Charles A. Reich.]

ΚΠ

1971 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News 29 July 9/1 The new executive director of the National Urban league announced plans..for a black voter registration campaign in the North... Vernon A. Jordan Jr., who will assume the directorship Jan. 1, 1972,..said, ‘Black people must use their numbers to gain their rightful place in the political “browning of America”.’

1979 Wilson Q. Summer 145 Some view them [sc. unauthorized immigrants] as an actual or potential threat (‘the browning of America’) to the social integrity of the nation.

1995 Mother Jones June 18/2 Anglos are traumatized by the browning of California. Anti-immigrant sentiment doesn't stop with the undocumented.

2015 Ebony (Nexis) Sept. 110 Until this browning of the United States becomes fully accepted,..Black folks still have a fight.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Browningn.³

Brit.

/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/

Etymology: < the name of John M. Browning (1855–1926) of Ogden, Utah, U.S.A.

Applied attributively to various weapons ranging from pistols to machine-guns, esp. automatic ones, designed by Browning. Also elliptical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [adjective] > specific manufacturer

Greener1856

Browning1905

1905 Daily Chron. 9 Feb. 5/2 Hohental fired all the seven chambers of a Browning revolver at Herr Johnsson.

1906 Daily Chron. 6 Jan. 8/1 The party of freedom have to depend on revolvers, especially the ‘Brownings’.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 6 Apr. 6/3 They were armed with Mauser pistols and Brownings.

1964 H. L. Peterson Encycl. Firearms 68/1 Successful Browning automatic-weapon designs include the..Browning Automatic rifle M1918, the recoil operated Browning machine guns Model 1917 and Model 1919, [etc.].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

browningn.⁴

Brit.

/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, Caribbean English /ˈbraʊnɪn/, /ˈbrɔʊnɪn/

Forms: 1900s– brownin, 1900s– brownin', 1900s– browning.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: brown adj., -ing suffix³.

Etymology: < brown adj. + -ing suffix³, probably via Jamaican Creole. Compare Jamaican English brown girl (1827), brown man (1826).

Caribbean.

A person (typically a woman) with a light brown skin colour.

ΚΠ

1991 ‘Buju Banton’ (title of record) Love mi browning.

2000 N. Hopkinson Glass Bottle Trick in Whispers from Cotton Tree Root 262 All those boys, wanting a chance for a little sweetness with a light-skin browning like her.

2016 N. Dennis-Benn Here comes Sun i. 26 ‘Di only thing yuh have going for you is yuh education. Don't ruin it.’ Meanwhile, the unintelligent ‘brownins’ in school end up with modeling contracts.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

browningadj.

Etymology: Formed as brown adj. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbrowning.

1. Becoming brown.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > [adjective]

browning1595

ambered1724

1595 Pleasant Quippes for Vpstart Gentle-women sig. A4^v The tallow-pale the browning-bay, The swarthy-blacke, the grassie-greene.

1884 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxviii. 290 The browning grasses quivered airily against the sky.

2. Making brown.

ΚΠ

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. v. 87 Where is the blooming cheek, ruddy with the browning air?

Draft additions June 2021

Of a population, country, community, group, etc.: that is developing a higher proportion of people who are not primarily of white European origin or descent.

ΚΠ

1993 H. Mullen in R. Pritikin & R. de Guzman In out of Cold 16/2 At the moment, African Americans constitute a highly visible minority within a visibly ‘browning’ America.

2008 New Zealand Herald (Nexis) 13 Dec. Brash's infamous Orewa speech..was out of touch with the reality of a browning population.

2018 B. Cooper Eloquent Rage 203 White rage is deeply connected to a fear of losing privilege and status in a browning American empire.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹1601

n.²1769

n.³1905

n.⁴1991

adj.1595

单词	browning
释义	† browningn.¹ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: brown adj., -ing suffix³. Etymology: Apparently < brown adj. + -ing suffix³. Compare earlier brownie n.¹ 1. Obsolete. = brownie n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > brownie browniea1522 browning1601 lubber fiend1645 urisk1806 dobby1811 silky1822 nisse1828 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 2 He..that calls for nothing else at sea but winde; and neuer rests till Browning be come. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Briefe Catal. Words of Art Browning, a term vsuall in the mouths of mariners and winnowers of corne, when they are calmed and do call for wind. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). browningn.² Brit. /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/ Etymology: < brown v. 1. The action or process of making or becoming brown. (Browning of polished iron: see the verb.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > [noun] browning1791 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. 346 To give a browning, stuff which has just been dyed must be dipped, etc. 1808 Morning Post Oct. 3 The cropping of the soldiers' hair is to be followed by the browning of the hitherto bright barrel and lock of the musket. 1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 396 Shrivelling and browning of the leaves of trees. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 254 The process of browning takes from four to eight days. 2. Cookery. A preparation for imparting a brown colour to gravy or made dishes. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > colouring agents > [noun] saffronc1450 crocus1659 pot marigold1760 browning1769 parsley green1845 butter colour1877 food colouring1887 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper To Rdr. p. iii Lemon Pickle and Browning answers..better than Cullis. 1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) v. 42 Take..one spoonful of red wine, half as much of browning. Draft additions June 2021 The process or fact of developing or including within a country, community, or group a higher proportion of people who are not primarily of white European origin or descent.Earliest in the browning of America, popularized by Vernon Jordan, U.S. civil rights activist: see quot. 1971. [probably after The Greening of America (1970), the title of a book by Charles A. Reich.] ΚΠ 1971 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News 29 July 9/1 The new executive director of the National Urban league announced plans..for a black voter registration campaign in the North... Vernon A. Jordan Jr., who will assume the directorship Jan. 1, 1972,..said, ‘Black people must use their numbers to gain their rightful place in the political “browning of America”.’ 1979 Wilson Q. Summer 145 Some view them [sc. unauthorized immigrants] as an actual or potential threat (‘the browning of America’) to the social integrity of the nation. 1995 Mother Jones June 18/2 Anglos are traumatized by the browning of California. Anti-immigrant sentiment doesn't stop with the undocumented. 2015 Ebony (Nexis) Sept. 110 Until this browning of the United States becomes fully accepted,..Black folks still have a fight. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Browningn.³ Brit. /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/ Etymology: < the name of John M. Browning (1855–1926) of Ogden, Utah, U.S.A. Applied attributively to various weapons ranging from pistols to machine-guns, esp. automatic ones, designed by Browning. Also elliptical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [adjective] > specific manufacturer Greener1856 Browning1905 1905 Daily Chron. 9 Feb. 5/2 Hohental fired all the seven chambers of a Browning revolver at Herr Johnsson. 1906 Daily Chron. 6 Jan. 8/1 The party of freedom have to depend on revolvers, especially the ‘Brownings’. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 6 Apr. 6/3 They were armed with Mauser pistols and Brownings. 1964 H. L. Peterson Encycl. Firearms 68/1 Successful Browning automatic-weapon designs include the..Browning Automatic rifle M1918, the recoil operated Browning machine guns Model 1917 and Model 1919, [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). browningn.⁴ Brit. /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/, Caribbean English /ˈbraʊnɪn/, /ˈbrɔʊnɪn/ Forms: 1900s– brownin, 1900s– brownin', 1900s– browning. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: brown adj., -ing suffix³. Etymology: < brown adj. + -ing suffix³, probably via Jamaican Creole. Compare Jamaican English brown girl (1827), brown man (1826). Caribbean. A person (typically a woman) with a light brown skin colour. ΚΠ 1991 ‘Buju Banton’ (title of record) Love mi browning. 2000 N. Hopkinson Glass Bottle Trick in Whispers from Cotton Tree Root 262 All those boys, wanting a chance for a little sweetness with a light-skin browning like her. 2016 N. Dennis-Benn Here comes Sun i. 26 ‘Di only thing yuh have going for you is yuh education. Don't ruin it.’ Meanwhile, the unintelligent ‘brownins’ in school end up with modeling contracts. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). browningadj. Etymology: Formed as brown adj. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbrowning. 1. Becoming brown. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > [adjective] browning1595 ambered1724 1595 Pleasant Quippes for Vpstart Gentle-women sig. A4^v The tallow-pale the browning-bay, The swarthy-blacke, the grassie-greene. 1884 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxviii. 290 The browning grasses quivered airily against the sky. 2. Making brown. ΚΠ 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. v. 87 Where is the blooming cheek, ruddy with the browning air? Draft additions June 2021 Of a population, country, community, group, etc.: that is developing a higher proportion of people who are not primarily of white European origin or descent. ΚΠ 1993 H. Mullen in R. Pritikin & R. de Guzman In out of Cold 16/2 At the moment, African Americans constitute a highly visible minority within a visibly ‘browning’ America. 2008 New Zealand Herald (Nexis) 13 Dec. Brash's infamous Orewa speech..was out of touch with the reality of a browning population. 2018 B. Cooper Eloquent Rage 203 White rage is deeply connected to a fear of losing privilege and status in a browning American empire. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹1601n.²1769n.³1905n.⁴1991adj.1595
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† browningn.1

browningn.2

Draft additions June 2021

Browningn.3

browningn.4

browningadj.

Draft additions June 2021

† browningn.¹

browningn.²

Browningn.³

browningn.⁴