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单词 turpeth
释义

turpethn.

Brit. /ˈtəːpəθ/, U.S. /ˈtərpəθ/
Forms: α. Middle English turbyte, Middle English–1700s turbit, 1500s torbith, turbythe, plural turbithes, 1600s–1800s turbeth, 1500s– turbith; β. 1600s– turpith, turpeth.
Etymology: < Old French turbit, -ith, turpet (French turbith) or < medieval Latin turbith(um, turpethum, turpetum, < Persian and Arabic turbid, -bed, whence also Portuguese turbit, Spanish turbit. Turbith was the preponderant English form to the 18th cent., till assimilated to medieval Latin turpethum.
1.
a. A cathartic drug prepared from the root of East Indian jalap, Ipomœa Turpethum, an Indian and Australian plant; also, the plant itself, or its root.Garganic turbith: see quot. 17601 at α. .
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > jalap or turpeth plant or root
turpethc1400
mechoacan1577
jalap1698
mechameck1811
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived
scammonyc1000
lign-aloesc1374
hiera picra1379
rhubarbc1390
aloea1398
cassia fistulaa1398
coloquintidaa1398
senec1400
turpethc1400
coloquintc1420
diagrydium1436
lignum aloes1525
rhabarbarum1533
xylaloes1540
manna1541
scilla1548
hyera?1550
emblic1555
diasenna1562
colocynth1565
tragonce1575
pinyon1577
mechoacan1587
lignum aquilae1600
gamboge1615
dragon-root1621
helleborism1621
diaprune1625
alhandal1630
makinboy1652
luskard1653
diagrydiate1657
physic nut1657
aloetic1661
scammoniate1665
jalap1675
aloedary1683
coloquinto1683
Briançon manna1688
liquorice powder1712
coloquintid1732
castor oil1746
senna-tea1752
higry pigry1773
Turkey rhubarb1789
argel1803
hickery-pickery1816
cathartin1823
aloin1828
croton oil1829
jalapin1832
syrmaea1833
bryonin1836
gambogic acid1837
Podophyllum1844
podophyllin1851
geropiga1852
hicra picra1857
Montpellier turpeth1860
picra1860
tallicoona oil1866
scammonin1868
pharbitisin1873
cascara sagrada1879
senna-draught1879
tambor-oil1890
syrup of figs1897
pharbitin1899
α.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 180 He mote ofte purge fleume with turbit.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 Laxatyues þat purgen flewme & viscous humouris, as a litil of euforbie, or turbit, or sambucy.
1545 Rates Custome House sig. C vjv Torbith the pounde xij.d.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 63 Tvrbit whose Leafe is like the Laurell, groweth in Ægypt..It is giuen to purge fleume.
1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1809) 261 For choler, rhubarb; for phlegm, turbith; for watery humours, scammony.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Garganic Turbith, Thapsia.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Indian Turbith, or of the Shops, Convolvulus.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 191 This genus contains several remarkable plants; as..Turpethum or Turbith.
β. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1119 The Turpeth drives them from their nests.1739 Topical Med. in J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. sig. Bb4v Turpeth, Hermodactyles, Polypody of the Oak.1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 262 Turpeth, the Ipomœa turpethum of the Colonial and Indian Pharmacopœias, is recommended in 20 grain doses.
b. Montpellier turpeth n. common name for Globularia alypum, the decoction of the leaves of which acts as an active but gentle purgative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > gutwort
gutwort1597
trouble-belly1668
Montpellier turpeth1860
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived
scammonyc1000
lign-aloesc1374
hiera picra1379
rhubarbc1390
aloea1398
cassia fistulaa1398
coloquintidaa1398
senec1400
turpethc1400
coloquintc1420
diagrydium1436
lignum aloes1525
rhabarbarum1533
xylaloes1540
manna1541
scilla1548
hyera?1550
emblic1555
diasenna1562
colocynth1565
tragonce1575
pinyon1577
mechoacan1587
lignum aquilae1600
gamboge1615
dragon-root1621
helleborism1621
diaprune1625
alhandal1630
makinboy1652
luskard1653
diagrydiate1657
physic nut1657
aloetic1661
scammoniate1665
jalap1675
aloedary1683
coloquinto1683
Briançon manna1688
liquorice powder1712
coloquintid1732
castor oil1746
senna-tea1752
higry pigry1773
Turkey rhubarb1789
argel1803
hickery-pickery1816
cathartin1823
aloin1828
croton oil1829
jalapin1832
syrmaea1833
bryonin1836
gambogic acid1837
Podophyllum1844
podophyllin1851
geropiga1852
hicra picra1857
Montpellier turpeth1860
picra1860
tallicoona oil1866
scammonin1868
pharbitisin1873
cascara sagrada1879
senna-draught1879
tambor-oil1890
syrup of figs1897
pharbitin1899
1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci.
2. turpeth mineral n. [mineral adj. 4] basic sulphate of mercury (HgSO4·2HgO), obtained as a lemon-yellow powder from the normal sulphate by washing with hot water.It has emetic, cathartic, and sternutatory properties, but is no longer used internally.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > drastic purgative or emetic > mineral-derived purgative or emetic
turpeth mineral1616
turpeth1658
α.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Turbith minerall, a certaine red powder..which is vsed against the French disease.
1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 60 Dissolving quicksilver in oyl of vitriol, according to what is done in making turbith mineral.
1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature vi. 233 A patient, who..could not be brought to salivate, neither by the gentler ways, nor by turbith-mineral and other harsher medicines.
1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 402 Wash this yellow matter in five or six warm waters, and it will be what is called in medicine Turbith mineral; that is, a combination of the Vitriolic Acid with Mercury, five or six grains whereof is a violent purgative, and also an emetick; qualities which it possesses in common with the vegetable Turbith, whose name it hath therefore taken.
1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 236 This yellow powder is a subsulphate [of mercury] (3HgO,SO3), and is known as turbeth mineral.
1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 104 The yellow subsulphate above mentioned, under the name of Turbith Mineral, has been employed as an errhine.
β. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 352 Turpith Mineral, made of Hydrargyry and Oil of Vitriol.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 795 King's yellow, turpith mineral, and Dutch pink, all form very bright yellows.1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpeth or turbith mineral, an old name for basic mercuric sulphate, HgSO4·2HgO.1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 516 Native mercurous sulphate (turpeth mineral) is much used in France.
3. elliptical. = turpeth mineral n. at sense 2. Obsolete. black turpeth: see quot. 1895 at β. .
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > drastic purgative or emetic > mineral-derived purgative or emetic
turpeth mineral1616
turpeth1658
α.
1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Turbith,..a red Mineral, which being beaten to powder, is used in physick.
1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 299 Mercury..having been..reduced into water, turbith and ashes.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 325 Olaus..tormented some Quicksilver..into Water, Turbith and Ashes.
β. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Turpith, a Chymical preparation of Mercury, and the Oyl of Vitriol, whereby the Mercury is precipitated into a sweetnesse.1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 215 Not only the pure red oxide, but the red nitrous oxide, and turpeth, may be substituted.1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. (at cited word) Black turpeth, black mercurous acid: old name.
4. attributive, as turpeth plant, turpeth root, turpeth vomit.
ΚΠ
1773 T. Percival Ess. Med. & Exper. II. 163 The powerful effects of Turpeth vomits in white swellings of the joints.
1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Turbeth Plant, common name for the Convolvulus turpethum.
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpeth or turbith root.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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