turpethn.

Brit.

/ˈtəːpəθ/, U.S.

/ˈtərpəθ/

Forms: α. Middle English turbyte, Middle English–1700s turbit, 1500s torbith, turbythe, plural turbithes, 1600s–1800s turbeth, 1500s– turbith; β. 1600s– turpith, turpeth.

Etymology: < Old French turbit, -ith, turpet (French turbith) or < medieval Latin turbith(um, turpethum, turpetum, < Persian and Arabic turbid, -bed, whence also Portuguese turbit, Spanish turbit. Turbith was the preponderant English form to the 18th cent., till assimilated to medieval Latin turpethum.

a. A cathartic drug prepared from the root of East Indian jalap, Ipomœa Turpethum, an Indian and Australian plant; also, the plant itself, or its root. †Garganic turbith: see quot. 1760¹ at α. .

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > jalap or turpeth plant or root

turpethc1400

mechoacan1577

jalap1698

mechameck1811

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived

scammonyc1000

lign-aloesc1374

hiera picra1379

rhubarbc1390

aloea1398

cassia fistulaa1398

coloquintidaa1398

senec1400

turpethc1400

coloquintc1420

diagrydium1436

lignum aloes1525

rhabarbarum1533

xylaloes1540

manna1541

scilla1548

hyera?1550

emblic1555

diasenna1562

colocynth1565

tragonce1575

pinyon1577

mechoacan1587

lignum aquilae1600

gamboge1615

dragon-root1621

helleborism1621

diaprune1625

alhandal1630

makinboy1652

luskard1653

diagrydiate1657

physic nut1657

aloetic1661

scammoniate1665

jalap1675

aloedary1683

coloquinto1683

Briançon manna1688

liquorice powder1712

coloquintid1732

castor oil1746

senna-tea1752

higry pigry1773

Turkey rhubarb1789

argel1803

hickery-pickery1816

cathartin1823

aloin1828

croton oil1829

jalapin1832

syrmaea1833

bryonin1836

gambogic acid1837

Podophyllum1844

podophyllin1851

geropiga1852

hicra picra1857

Montpellier turpeth1860

picra1860

tallicoona oil1866

scammonin1868

pharbitisin1873

cascara sagrada1879

senna-draught1879

tambor-oil1890

syrup of figs1897

pharbitin1899

α.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 180 He mote ofte purge fleume with turbit.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 Laxatyues þat purgen flewme & viscous humouris, as a litil of euforbie, or turbit, or sambucy.

1545 Rates Custome House sig. C vj^v Torbith the pounde xij.d.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 63 Tvrbit whose Leafe is like the Laurell, groweth in Ægypt..It is giuen to purge fleume.

1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1809) 261 For choler, rhubarb; for phlegm, turbith; for watery humours, scammony.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Garganic Turbith, Thapsia.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Indian Turbith, or of the Shops, Convolvulus.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 191 This genus contains several remarkable plants; as..Turpethum or Turbith.

β. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1119 The Turpeth drives them from their nests.1739 Topical Med. in J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. sig. Bb4^v Turpeth, Hermodactyles, Polypody of the Oak.1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 262 Turpeth, the Ipomœa turpethum of the Colonial and Indian Pharmacopœias, is recommended in 20 grain doses.

b. Montpellier turpeth n. common name for Globularia alypum, the decoction of the leaves of which acts as an active but gentle purgative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > gutwort

gutwort1597

trouble-belly1668

Montpellier turpeth1860

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived

scammonyc1000

lign-aloesc1374

hiera picra1379

rhubarbc1390

aloea1398

cassia fistulaa1398

coloquintidaa1398

senec1400

turpethc1400

coloquintc1420

diagrydium1436

lignum aloes1525

rhabarbarum1533

xylaloes1540

manna1541

scilla1548

hyera?1550

emblic1555

diasenna1562

colocynth1565

tragonce1575

pinyon1577

mechoacan1587

lignum aquilae1600

gamboge1615

dragon-root1621

helleborism1621

diaprune1625

alhandal1630

makinboy1652

luskard1653

diagrydiate1657

physic nut1657

aloetic1661

scammoniate1665

jalap1675

aloedary1683

coloquinto1683

Briançon manna1688

liquorice powder1712

coloquintid1732

castor oil1746

senna-tea1752

higry pigry1773

Turkey rhubarb1789

argel1803

hickery-pickery1816

cathartin1823

aloin1828

croton oil1829

jalapin1832

syrmaea1833

bryonin1836

gambogic acid1837

Podophyllum1844

podophyllin1851

geropiga1852

hicra picra1857

Montpellier turpeth1860

picra1860

tallicoona oil1866

scammonin1868

pharbitisin1873

cascara sagrada1879

senna-draught1879

tambor-oil1890

syrup of figs1897

pharbitin1899

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci.

2. turpeth mineral n. [mineral adj. 4] basic sulphate of mercury (HgSO₄·2HgO), obtained as a lemon-yellow powder from the normal sulphate by washing with hot water.It has emetic, cathartic, and sternutatory properties, but is no longer used internally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > drastic purgative or emetic > mineral-derived purgative or emetic

turpeth mineral1616

turpeth1658

α.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Turbith minerall, a certaine red powder..which is vsed against the French disease.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 60 Dissolving quicksilver in oyl of vitriol, according to what is done in making turbith mineral.

1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature vi. 233 A patient, who..could not be brought to salivate, neither by the gentler ways, nor by turbith-mineral and other harsher medicines.

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 402 Wash this yellow matter in five or six warm waters, and it will be what is called in medicine Turbith mineral; that is, a combination of the Vitriolic Acid with Mercury, five or six grains whereof is a violent purgative, and also an emetick; qualities which it possesses in common with the vegetable Turbith, whose name it hath therefore taken.

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 236 This yellow powder is a subsulphate [of mercury] (3HgO,SO₃), and is known as turbeth mineral.

1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 104 The yellow subsulphate above mentioned, under the name of Turbith Mineral, has been employed as an errhine.

β. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 352 Turpith Mineral, made of Hydrargyry and Oil of Vitriol.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 795 King's yellow, turpith mineral, and Dutch pink, all form very bright yellows.1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpeth or turbith mineral, an old name for basic mercuric sulphate, HgSO₄·2HgO.1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 516 Native mercurous sulphate (turpeth mineral) is much used in France.

†3. elliptical. = turpeth mineral n. at sense 2. Obsolete. black turpeth: see quot. 1895 at β. .

ΘΚΠ

turpeth mineral1616

turpeth1658

α.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Turbith,..a red Mineral, which being beaten to powder, is used in physick.

1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 299 Mercury..having been..reduced into water, turbith and ashes.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 325 Olaus..tormented some Quicksilver..into Water, Turbith and Ashes.

β. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Turpith, a Chymical preparation of Mercury, and the Oyl of Vitriol, whereby the Mercury is precipitated into a sweetnesse.1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 215 Not only the pure red oxide, but the red nitrous oxide, and turpeth, may be substituted.1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. (at cited word) Black turpeth, black mercurous acid: old name.

4. attributive, as turpeth plant, turpeth root, turpeth vomit.

ΚΠ

1773 T. Percival Ess. Med. & Exper. II. 163 The powerful effects of Turpeth vomits in white swellings of the joints.

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Turbeth Plant, common name for the Convolvulus turpethum.

1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpeth or turbith root.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	turpeth
释义	turpethn. Brit. /ˈtəːpəθ/, U.S. /ˈtərpəθ/ Forms: α. Middle English turbyte, Middle English–1700s turbit, 1500s torbith, turbythe, plural turbithes, 1600s–1800s turbeth, 1500s– turbith; β. 1600s– turpith, turpeth. Etymology: < Old French turbit, -ith, turpet (French turbith) or < medieval Latin turbith(um, turpethum, turpetum, < Persian and Arabic turbid, -bed, whence also Portuguese turbit, Spanish turbit. Turbith was the preponderant English form to the 18th cent., till assimilated to medieval Latin turpethum. 1. a. A cathartic drug prepared from the root of East Indian jalap, Ipomœa Turpethum, an Indian and Australian plant; also, the plant itself, or its root. †Garganic turbith: see quot. 1760¹ at α. . ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > jalap or turpeth plant or root turpethc1400 mechoacan1577 jalap1698 mechameck1811 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived scammonyc1000 lign-aloesc1374 hiera picra1379 rhubarbc1390 aloea1398 cassia fistulaa1398 coloquintidaa1398 senec1400 turpethc1400 coloquintc1420 diagrydium1436 lignum aloes1525 rhabarbarum1533 xylaloes1540 manna1541 scilla1548 hyera?1550 emblic1555 diasenna1562 colocynth1565 tragonce1575 pinyon1577 mechoacan1587 lignum aquilae1600 gamboge1615 dragon-root1621 helleborism1621 diaprune1625 alhandal1630 makinboy1652 luskard1653 diagrydiate1657 physic nut1657 aloetic1661 scammoniate1665 jalap1675 aloedary1683 coloquinto1683 Briançon manna1688 liquorice powder1712 coloquintid1732 castor oil1746 senna-tea1752 higry pigry1773 Turkey rhubarb1789 argel1803 hickery-pickery1816 cathartin1823 aloin1828 croton oil1829 jalapin1832 syrmaea1833 bryonin1836 gambogic acid1837 Podophyllum1844 podophyllin1851 geropiga1852 hicra picra1857 Montpellier turpeth1860 picra1860 tallicoona oil1866 scammonin1868 pharbitisin1873 cascara sagrada1879 senna-draught1879 tambor-oil1890 syrup of figs1897 pharbitin1899 α. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 180 He mote ofte purge fleume with turbit. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 Laxatyues þat purgen flewme & viscous humouris, as a litil of euforbie, or turbit, or sambucy. 1545 Rates Custome House sig. C vj^v Torbith the pounde xij.d. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 63 Tvrbit whose Leafe is like the Laurell, groweth in Ægypt..It is giuen to purge fleume. 1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1809) 261 For choler, rhubarb; for phlegm, turbith; for watery humours, scammony. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Garganic Turbith, Thapsia. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Indian Turbith, or of the Shops, Convolvulus. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 191 This genus contains several remarkable plants; as..Turpethum or Turbith. β. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1119 The Turpeth drives them from their nests.1739 Topical Med. in J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. sig. Bb4^v Turpeth, Hermodactyles, Polypody of the Oak.1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 262 Turpeth, the Ipomœa turpethum of the Colonial and Indian Pharmacopœias, is recommended in 20 grain doses. b. Montpellier turpeth n. common name for Globularia alypum, the decoction of the leaves of which acts as an active but gentle purgative. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > gutwort gutwort1597 trouble-belly1668 Montpellier turpeth1860 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived scammonyc1000 lign-aloesc1374 hiera picra1379 rhubarbc1390 aloea1398 cassia fistulaa1398 coloquintidaa1398 senec1400 turpethc1400 coloquintc1420 diagrydium1436 lignum aloes1525 rhabarbarum1533 xylaloes1540 manna1541 scilla1548 hyera?1550 emblic1555 diasenna1562 colocynth1565 tragonce1575 pinyon1577 mechoacan1587 lignum aquilae1600 gamboge1615 dragon-root1621 helleborism1621 diaprune1625 alhandal1630 makinboy1652 luskard1653 diagrydiate1657 physic nut1657 aloetic1661 scammoniate1665 jalap1675 aloedary1683 coloquinto1683 Briançon manna1688 liquorice powder1712 coloquintid1732 castor oil1746 senna-tea1752 higry pigry1773 Turkey rhubarb1789 argel1803 hickery-pickery1816 cathartin1823 aloin1828 croton oil1829 jalapin1832 syrmaea1833 bryonin1836 gambogic acid1837 Podophyllum1844 podophyllin1851 geropiga1852 hicra picra1857 Montpellier turpeth1860 picra1860 tallicoona oil1866 scammonin1868 pharbitisin1873 cascara sagrada1879 senna-draught1879 tambor-oil1890 syrup of figs1897 pharbitin1899 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. 2. turpeth mineral n. [mineral adj. 4] basic sulphate of mercury (HgSO₄·2HgO), obtained as a lemon-yellow powder from the normal sulphate by washing with hot water.It has emetic, cathartic, and sternutatory properties, but is no longer used internally. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > drastic purgative or emetic > mineral-derived purgative or emetic turpeth mineral1616 turpeth1658 α. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Turbith minerall, a certaine red powder..which is vsed against the French disease. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 60 Dissolving quicksilver in oyl of vitriol, according to what is done in making turbith mineral. 1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature vi. 233 A patient, who..could not be brought to salivate, neither by the gentler ways, nor by turbith-mineral and other harsher medicines. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 402 Wash this yellow matter in five or six warm waters, and it will be what is called in medicine Turbith mineral; that is, a combination of the Vitriolic Acid with Mercury, five or six grains whereof is a violent purgative, and also an emetick; qualities which it possesses in common with the vegetable Turbith, whose name it hath therefore taken. 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 236 This yellow powder is a subsulphate [of mercury] (3HgO,SO₃), and is known as turbeth mineral. 1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 104 The yellow subsulphate above mentioned, under the name of Turbith Mineral, has been employed as an errhine. β. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 352 Turpith Mineral, made of Hydrargyry and Oil of Vitriol.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 795 King's yellow, turpith mineral, and Dutch pink, all form very bright yellows.1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpeth or turbith mineral, an old name for basic mercuric sulphate, HgSO₄·2HgO.1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 516 Native mercurous sulphate (turpeth mineral) is much used in France. †3. elliptical. = turpeth mineral n. at sense 2. Obsolete. black turpeth: see quot. 1895 at β. . ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > drastic purgative or emetic > mineral-derived purgative or emetic turpeth mineral1616 turpeth1658 α. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Turbith,..a red Mineral, which being beaten to powder, is used in physick. 1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 299 Mercury..having been..reduced into water, turbith and ashes. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 325 Olaus..tormented some Quicksilver..into Water, Turbith and Ashes. β. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Turpith, a Chymical preparation of Mercury, and the Oyl of Vitriol, whereby the Mercury is precipitated into a sweetnesse.1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 215 Not only the pure red oxide, but the red nitrous oxide, and turpeth, may be substituted.1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. (at cited word) Black turpeth, black mercurous acid: old name. 4. attributive, as turpeth plant, turpeth root, turpeth vomit. ΚΠ 1773 T. Percival Ess. Med. & Exper. II. 163 The powerful effects of Turpeth vomits in white swellings of the joints. 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Turbeth Plant, common name for the Convolvulus turpethum. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpeth or turbith root. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
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