turpentinen.
/ˈtəːpəntʌɪn/ 1.
a. A term applied originally (as in Greek and Latin) to the semifluid resin of the terebinth tree, Pistacia Terebinthus (Chian or Cyprian turpentine); now chiefly to the various oleoresins which exude from coniferous trees, consisting of more or less viscid solutions of resin in a volatile oil.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > oleoresins from coniferous trees
pitcheOE
turpentine1322
alkitranc1400
cedriac1420
perrosin?a1425
pitch-rosinc1450
terebinth1483
alchitrean1562
frankincense1577
Venice turpentine1577
terebinthine1578
Venetian turpentine1598
Burgundy pitch1678
Strasbourg turpentine1683
terebinthina1693
Scio turpentine1710
rhinehurst1724
Canada balsam1754
Canada balsam1754
Canada turpentine1762
galipot1791
Canada pitch1831
dipping1832
pine gum1853
dip1856
scrape1856
virgin dip1856
pinol1889
α.
β. 1322 in Wardr. Acc. 16 Edw. II 23/20 Terbentyn 7d þe lb.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) v. 51 A gome, þat men clepen Turbentyne.c1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 32 Terbentyne.a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 25 Wiþ frank-encense, mirre, & rosyn, terbentyn & rewe.γ. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vii. 26 A maner of gumme, þat es called Turpentyne.1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f. 128 Turpentine, which is a lycour dystilled and gotten of the Fyrre tree.1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Térébinthine, turpentyne.1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xv. xii. 465 In Syria they use to plucke the barke from the Terebinth, yea, and they pill the boughs and roots too for Terpentine.1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks i. ii. 13 Out of these Vessels, all the clear Turpentine, that drops from the Tree, doth issue.1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 125 Common Turpentine..is procured from the Larch-Tree.1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 85 When a portion of the bark is removed from a fir tree in spring, a matter exudes, which is called turpentine.1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 131 Turpentine is remarkable for having the property of absorbing oxygen and converting it into ozone.δ. 1448–9 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 403 j lb et di de Turmyntyne.c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxv/2 Kark of termenteyne, xij d'.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. clxiv. (Bodl.) lf. 232/1 Therebintus..is a tre þat sweteþ rosine..and þe rosine þereof hatte Therebentina.]
c1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 31 Putte to of terebentyne als moche as sufficeþ..moue it strongly wiþ a spature vnto þat þe terebentyne be dronken in.
?1541 R. Copland Formularie of Helpes of Woundes & Sores in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Xjv Fomentacyon with oyle and terebentyne medled & warmed.
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 42 b/2 Made of Oyle of Egges and of Venetiane Terebentine.
b. With qualification, indicating different varieties. See quot. 1829.
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1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 45 Adde therto three Ounces of Venise Turpentine.
1634 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise (new ed.) i. xxvii. 98 Temper it with Spanish Turpentine.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Turpentine of Strasbourg, Dantzic, &c. is that most commonly used among us.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §20 The Strasburgh turpentine..is procured from the knots of the silver fir.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §20 Venice turpentine, which is got by piercing the larch tree.
1829 J. Togno & E. Durand tr. H. Milne-Edwards & P. Vavasseur Man. Materia Medica vi. 211 The principal kinds of turpentine are—the American Turpentine, furnished abundantly by the Pinus palustris, Lin. P. australis, Michaux, a tree growing principally in our southern states; the Common Turpentine, Terebinthina communis, obtained from the Pinus sylvestris and P. rubra, Lin.;..the Bordeaux Turpentine, Terebinthina picea, from the P. maritima, Lin., Bordeaux pine; the Strasbourg Turpentine, Terebinthina abietina, from the P. picea,..silver fir tree; the Venice Turpentine, Terebinthina laricea, from..P. larix, Lin., white larch; and..Canada or Fir Balsam, Terebinthina canadensis,..furnished by the P. balsamea, American silver fir.
c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 106/1 The oleo-resin is imported into this country under the names of common turpentine, Bordeaux t..., Strasburg t..., and Venice t.
c. plural. Varieties of turpentine.
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1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 184 After one manner, hony,..after another, turpentines and gummes (as mastic, euphorb[i]um, styrax, and such like)..are to be distilled.
1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 7 Of Turpentines, Gums, and all of that Tribe.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 432/1 As turpentines have a very disagreeable taste, it is customary to form them into pills or boluses.
1864 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 2) 292 Canada balsam resembles the other turpentines in its action.
d. = oil of turpentine n. at sense 3. to talk turpentine (colloquial), to discuss painting.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > turpentine
oil of turpentine1598
turps1823
turpentine oil1868
turpentine1876
1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. iv. 600 Purpura... Among the remedies..recommended are perchloride of iron, acetate of lead, arsenic, digitalis, turpentine.
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed vii. 118 I was told that all the world was interested in my work, and everybody at Kami's talked turpentine.
2. † a. The fruit of the terebinth tree. Obsolete.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > other fruits > [noun]
tamarind1539
zizypha1546
guava1555
tuna1555
turpentine1562
mango1582
mammee1587
durian1588
lychee1588
sapota1589
fritter1591
mangosteen1598
custard apple1648
longan1655
mammee sapota1657
mammee apple1683
breadfruit1697
coco-plum1699
rambutan1707
pawpaw1709
locust bean1731
sapodilla1750
cherimoya1758
wild lime1767
Otaheite apple1777
narra1779
langsat1783
rose apple1790
cinnamon apple1796
sapota plum1797
bhindi1809
salak1820
gingerbread plum1824
geebung1827
loquat1829
sapodilla plum1830
sage-apple1832
kangaroo-apple1834
karaka-fruit1834
quandong1836
mombin1837
terap1839
zapote1842
tamarind plum1846
prairie pea1848
Barbados-cherry1858
kei-apple1859
Natal plum1859
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
Sierra Leone peach1866
Turkey fig1866
marula1877
scarlet banana1885
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
pear apple1898
ume1918
pepino1922
Chinese gooseberry1925
num-num1926
acerola1954
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > terebinth (turpenine) tree > fruit
turpentine1562
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 115 The fruite [of Sumach] is lyke vnto small clusters of grapes of the bignes of a turpentine.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 72v The Chery refuseth not the company of the Peache, nor the Turpentine, nor they his.
b. A terebinth tree; = terebinthine n. 1, turpentine tree n. 1. Also, any tree that yields turpentine, as the larch.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > terebinth (turpenine) tree
oaka1382
terebintha1382
terebinthine1513
turpentine tree1562
terebinth tree1572
turpentine1601
turpin1688
1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 96 The Turpentine that sweet iuyce doth deplore.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 90 Cypresse trees and Turpentine, with divers others.
1885 ‘Wanderer’ Beauteous Terrorist 29 There 'mid giant turpentines Groups of climbing, clustering vines.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. Turpentine, Brush, name given to two trees—Metrosideros leptopetala,..and Rhodamnia trinervia,..both N.O. Myrtaceæ.
3. oil of turpentine n. (also popularly known as spirit of turpentine) a volatile oil, contained in the wood, bark, leaves, and other parts of coniferous trees, and usually prepared by distilling crude turpentine. There are many varieties according to the source, which, though all having the same formula, C10H16, vary in their physical and, more especially, their optical properties.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > turpentine
oil of turpentine1598
turps1823
turpentine oil1868
turpentine1876
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 30/2 Hott oyle of Terpentin.
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxiv. 188 Common Oyl or Spirit (for in the Shops..the same Liquor is promiscuously call'd by either name) of Turpentine.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) What is commonly sold under the Name of Oil of Turpentine, or Etherial Oil, is only a Distillation of the Rosin called Galipot, fresh from the Tree.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. i. i. 6 The oil of turpentine..has a considerable refracting power.
1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 208 The rectified oil, improperly called Spirit of turpentine, is now most commonly employed. Its great use among house painters, under the cant name of ‘turps’, is to thin and assist the drying of oil paints.
1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 501 Oil of turpentine is never employed to increase the flow of urine.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
a.
turpentine ball n.
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1844 A. Page Suppl. Kirby's Suffolk Trav. 141 A turpentine ball..which they set on fire.
turpentine business n.
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1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 338 There are very large forests of [Pinus Palustris] in North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama; and the turpentine business is carried on..in all these States.
turpentine clyster n.
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1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana ii. viii. 917/1 Enema Terebinthinatum, A Turpentine Clyster.
turpentine distiller n.
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1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Turpentine and Tar Distiller, a refiner of these substances.
turpentine epithem n.
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1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. x. 107 (note) A warm turpentine epithem should be placed upon this region.
turpentine fomentation n.
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1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 319 Great tenderness over the lower half of the abdomen. Turpentine fomentations were applied.
turpentine liniment n.
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1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Turpentine Liniment,..a preparation..of yellow basilicon ointment diluted with turpentine.
turpentine odour n.
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1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 127 A copious flow of limpid oil of a pungent turpentine odour.
turpentine pill n.
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1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir iii. sig. G3v One gaue me turpentine pilles.
turpentine smell n.
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1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 372 The plant has a strong turpentine smell.
turpentine stupe n.
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1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 130 Occasionally turpentine-stupes or sinapisms are needed in order to give relief.
turpentine varnish n.
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1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 791 It dries as well as any other turpentine varnish, and when dry it appears to be as durable as any other solution of copal.
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 925 Turpentine-varnishes, solutions of resins in oil of turpentine.
b. ‘Pertaining to the production of turpentine or the cultivation of turpentine trees.’
turpentine camp n.
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1901 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 4/1 A turpentine camp in Baldwin County, Alabama.
turpentine district n.
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1901 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 5/2 The turpentine district along the St. John's River has been completely wiped out.
turpentine farm n.
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1867 H. Latham Black & White 124 The paths which lead among the turpentine farms.
turpentine farmer n.
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1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 350 The majority of what I have termed turpentine-farmers—..the small proprietors of the long-leafed pine forest land.
turpentine orchard n.
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1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 518 Their owners oftener..employing them [negroes in N. Carolina] in turpentine orchards than in the cotton-fields.
turpentine region n.
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1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 325 I was now..in the Turpentine region of North Carolina.
turpentine wood n.
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1890 Philadelphia Inquirer 1 June 1/4 He would find there every interest and every occupation of the period fully depicted, from the forests of Maine to the turpentine woods of North Carolina.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 15 Nov. 2/3 The Florida convicts..were mostly put to work in the turpentine woods.
c. Instrumental.
turpentine-anointed adj.
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1861 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. VII. xvii. 309 Robespierre..sets fire to the turpentine-anointed images.
turpentine-filled adj.
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1887 G. M. Fenn Dick o' the Fens ii They were the roots of turpentine-filled pines.
C2. † turpentine rod n. Obsolete a rod of a terebinth tree.
turpentine bucket n. see quot.
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the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > types of basket or vessel
bin1737
turpentine bucket1877
plant-tin1896
1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Turpentine-bucket, a cup or vessel to catch crude turpentine as it exudes from the tree.
turpentine camphor n. a name sometimes given to the solid mono-hydrochlorate, sometimes to the solid hydrates of turpentine oil.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > camphor
camphor1313
Sumatra camphora1760
Borneo camphora1811
Malay camphor1837
turpentine camphor1857
tub-camphor1880
Japan camphor1882
Japanese camphor-
1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 452 Turpentine camphor..(C20H16, 4HO).
turpentine gall-nut n. an excrescence formed on the branches of the terebinth-tree by the puncture of an insect.
turpentine gum n. American thus n. ( Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909).
turpentine hack n. a tool for hacking the bark of pine trees, to cause the turpentine to exude (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1877).
turpentine moth n. any of several leaf-roller moths of the family Tortricidæ of which the larvæ bore into the twigs of conifers ( Cent. Dict. 1891).
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Tortricidae > member of genus Retinia (turpentine moth)
turpentine moth1842
1842 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects New Eng. 350 Turpentine-moths..injure pines and firs.
turpentine oil n. = oil of turpentine n. at sense 3.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > turpentine
oil of turpentine1598
turps1823
turpentine oil1868
turpentine1876
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 920 The diversities of character exhibited by turpentine-oils..relate chiefly to the specific gravity, boiling-point, and optical rotatory power.
turpentine ointment n. an ointment of which turpentine oil is a principal ingredient ( Cent. Dict. 1891).
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > wood of other specific trees > rod or branch of
thornc1330
turpentine rod1632
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. (1906) 230 A Turpentine rod brought from Jordan and given to King James.
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turpentine shrub n. a name of the Prairie Burdock, Silphium terebinthinaceum, a tall herbaceous plant with bright yellow flowers, a native of North America cultivated in European gardens since 1765 ( Encycl. Dict. 1888).
Turpentine State n. U.S. see quot. 1859.
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the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > North and South Carolina
Palmetto State1835
Turpentine State1850
1850 M. Reid Rifle Rangers I. v. 46 The danger is, we may stick in the Turpentine State.
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Turpentine State, the State of North Carolina, so called from the quantity of turpentine obtained from its pine forests.
turpentine still n. an apparatus for distilling turpentine from pine wood or spirit from turpentine (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1877).
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society > occupation and work > equipment > still > [noun] > types of
rose-garland1527
sun still1688
pot still1799
turpentine still1799
still-pota1824
rectifying column1836
patent still1887
stripper1930
pipestill1931
solar still1946
1799 Wilmington (N. Carolina) Gaz. 12 Dec. 2/1 Will be sold..at Public Sale... Two turpentine stills.
1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iv. 86 One woman had killed five [men] when I left that turpentine still where she lived.
turpentine vessel n. in a coniferous tree, one of the tubes formed in the interstices of tissue, into which turpentine or like secretion naturally drains during the growth of the plant.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > vessel carrying secretion
turpentine vessel1682
1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants iii. i. ii. 110 The..Turpentine-Vessels of Pine, are likewise remarkably bigger..than the Milk-Vessels themselves.
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. i. i. 55 In the Coniferæ they..have..been termed turpentine vessels.
turpentine weed n. = turpentine shrub n.; also, any of several other herbs containing an aromatic sap. See also turpentine tree n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > compass-plant or silphium
silphium1771
turpentine weed1819
rosinweed1831
resinweed1838
polar plant1842
compass-flower1847
compass-plant1848
cup-plant1848
pilot weed1848
turpentine shrub-
1819 Western Rev. I. 95 Among the most remarkable and singular [plants of Kentucky is]..Silphium therebinthaceum, Turpentine weed.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1059/1 The plant [Silphium laciniatum] is also known as the..Turpentine-weed.
1885 F. Whymper in Girl's Own Paper Jan. 171/1 The compass plant—..known, also, as the..turpentine weed—is a vigorous perennial.
1913 W. C. Barnes Western Grazing Grounds 236 There is a little green weed (Gutierrezia) known locally as snakeweed, fireweed, turpentine weed.
1931 G. H. Vansell Nectar & Pollen Plants Calif. 14 Turpentine weed..is also visited freely by bees for nectar.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
turpentinev.
transitive. To treat, rub, or smear with turpentine or turpentine oil.
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1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 17 The table-covers are never taken off, except when the leaves are turpentined and bees'waxed.
Derivatives
ˈturpentined adj.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [adjective] > treated with turpentine
turpentined1759
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [adjective] > oleoresin > from pine trees or turpentine
terebinthinated1651
terebinthine1656
terebinthinate1680
terebinthious1719
turpentiny1735
terebinthian1747
terebinthial1750
turpentined1759
terebinthinous1840
turpentinous1909
1759 in New Jersey Archives XX. 374 Stolen..A Battoe..painted with Spanish Brown in the Inside, and the Outsides turpentined.
1789 ‘P. Pindar’ Subj. for Painters 110 Fir'd like turpentin'd poor roasting rats.
1893 Spons' Mechanics' Own Bk. (ed. 4) 433 Put in others with the second marbling colour, also on a turpentined feather.
ˈturpentining n. the process of obtaining crude turpentine from living pine-trees ( Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909).
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the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > picking or gathering other things
wool-gathering1581
mossing1700
acorning1818
cocksfooting1896
turpentining1910
wildcraft1924
1910 C. Van Hise Conservation Nat. Resources U.S. iii. 229 (heading) Reduction of loss in turpentining.
1971 Forest Products Jrnl. Feb. 53/2 The Southeastern Forest Experiment Station conducted a..study to determine the effect of turpentining on..yields of butt peeler blocks.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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