turbulentadj.

1538 Bible (Coverdale) Ded. These turbulent and stormy assaultes of the wicked.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 98 That execrable Seruetus, or other turbulent rebells in Religion.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 4 Grating so harshly all his dayes of quiet With turbulent and dangerous lunacie. View more context for this quotation

a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) iii. 193 The danger to which he was exposed from their turbulent ambition.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles vi. 184 He expelled from the house the crowd of turbulent mourners.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits viii. 135 They stoutly carry into every nook and corner of the earth their turbulent sense.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 140 A Froward Retention of Custome, is as turbulent a Thing, as an Innouation.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xvii. 121 Such, whose angry and turbulent Planets haue indued them with a more violent disposition.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 552 Nor envy'd them the grape Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. View more context for this quotation

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 65 The cause is a Narcotick vapour, but it is turbulent also.

1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 396 When the heart is turbulent in its action, then the sedative remedies which act upon this organ are indicated;..a turbulent cardiac condition is often combined with a very imperfect flow of blood through its cavities.

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 34 After thes turbulent raging tempests I hope verrely for caulm and faier wether.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xii. 3 T'as been a turbulent and stormie night. View more context for this quotation

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1690) 20 One sort of Vessels for the turbulent Sea, another for Inland Waters.

1770 G. White Let. 12 May in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 80 Last month we had such a series of cold turbulent weather.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xiv. 94 Our way sometimes lay..across turbulent brooks.

1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 3) 261 The swollen waters bore upon their turbulent bosoms planks, trees, [etc.].

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) i. ix. 3 [He] making the succession doubtfull, rent This new-got State, and left it turbulent.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1126 Thir inward State of Mind, calme Region once And full of Peace, now tost and turbulent . View more context for this quotation

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxxix. 433 The reign of the usurper was short and turbulent.

1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lix. 597 However turbulent his thoughts,..that was all past now.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 455 In the City of London, lately so turbulent, scarcely a murmur was heard.

1895 H. Lamb Hydrodynamics xi. 574 The resistance, in the case of turbulent flow, is found to be sensibly independent..of the viscosity of the fluid.

1907 F. W. Lanchester Aerodynamics ii. 53 When this critical velocity is reached the parallel flow breaks up, and is replaced by an irregular turbulent motion.

1926 H. R. Ricardo Engines of High Output 63 In the actual engine cylinder..the mixture..is being whirled about very rapidly; it is, in fact, in a highly turbulent condition.

1930 Engineering 7 Mar. 319/3 Hence, when viscous flow changes to turbulent flow the dissipation of energy is increased.

1947 J. C. Hunsaker & B. G. Rightmire Engin. Appl. Fluid Mech. viii. 137 This fictitious [shear] stress is called either the turbulent shear stress..or the Reynolds stress, after Osborne Reynolds, who first pointed out the existence of turbulent momentum transfers.

1956 A. A. Townsend Struct. Turbulent Shear Flow i. 3 In turbulent motion..the motion at any point influences the motion at other distant points.

1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xxix. 8/2 Flow of gas through tubes is laminar at slow speeds, but at faster rates of flow molecular collisions set up eddies and the flow is then turbulent.

1982 Sci. Amer. July 99/1 When the bore of a tube flares gradually (as the aortic lumen does in an incipient aneurysm), the fluid near the wall slows down, generating turbulent flow.

1931 J. A. Polson Internal Combustion Engines 43 If the charge is highly turbulent a large portion of the heat will be transmitted to the walls by conduction and convection in addition to the radiation.