broodn.
/bruːd/, U.S. /brud/ 1. Progeny, offspring, young.† b. of cattle or large animals. Obsolete.† d. The young of fish; fry. Obsolete.
a. esp. of animals that lay eggs, as birds, serpents, insects, etc. a brood: a family of young hatched at once, a hatch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > of animals that lay eggs
broodc1000
spawn1491
hatch1622
hatch-out1895
hatching1905
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 10 Þæt sind beon..of ðam hunige hi bredað heora brod.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1634 Ich not to hwan þu bredst þi brod.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 133 The foulere that..distroyed hadde hire brod.
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj A Brode of hennys.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 201/2 Brood of byrdes, covuee doiseaux.
1611 Bible (King James) Luke xiii. 34 As a henne doeth gather her brood vnder her wings. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 18 The Serpents Brood shall die.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 121. ¶1 A Hen followed by a Brood of Ducks.
1760 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. (ed. 3) I. 356 Before the violent heats set in the first brood of [silk-] worms have finished their work.
c1810 A. Mackintosh Driffield Angler 294 Brood of black game, or heath fowl.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere ii. 9 A wild duck leads her brood by the rushes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > of large animal
brooda1325
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > calf > [noun] > as offspring
brooda1325
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3712 Ful of erf and ofuetes brod.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1865) II. 201 Among hem [bestes] al þe brood is liche to þe same kynde.
c. Of human beings: family, children. (Now generally somewhat contemptuous.)
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring
bairn-teamc885
childeOE
tudderc897
seedOE
teamOE
wastum971
offspringOE
i-cundeOE
fostera1175
i-streonc1175
strainc1175
brooda1300
begetc1300
barm-teamc1315
issuea1325
progenyc1330
fruit of the loinsa1340
bowel1382
young onec1384
suita1387
engendrurea1400
fruitinga1400
geta1400
birth?a1425
porturec1425
progenityc1450
bodyfauntc1460
generation1477
fryc1480
enfantement1483
infantment1483
blood issue1535
propagation1536
offspring1548
race1549
family?1552
increase1552
breed1574
begetting1611
sperm1641
bed1832
fruitage1850
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1507 Þar he wond ai wit his brode.
1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 40 They prayse fast troian blode For therof come all her brode.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 136 A howse full of brude.
?1590–1 J. Burel Discription Queens Entry Edinb. in Poems sig. L3 Thair enfants sang, and barnely brudis, Quho had bot new begun the mudis.
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 44 v Make this a meane to raise the Neuells brood.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 106 She will become thy bed..And bring thee forth braue brood . View more context for this quotation
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 25 The most poore, despised..silly wench among all thy brood.
1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius i. 8 There's a Resemblance tells whose Brood she came of.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. ii. xv. 294 A widow with a brood of daughters.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [noun] > young > collective
brood1389
fry1389
menise?c1425
small fry1577
minutes1598
foul1765
fish-fry1951
1389 Act 13 Rich. II c. 19 §1 Le frie ou brood des salmons.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xiii. xxvi. 458 Smale fysshes brynge forthe theyr brood in place wherin is but lytyll water.
1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII xviii Broode and frie of fisshe in the saide riuer.
1558 Act 1 Eliz. xvii. §1 Any young Brood, Spawn or Fry of Eels.
e. figurative. Of things inanimate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > produce, yield, or return
gettinga1382
increasingc1384
fruitc1450
increase1560
growth1580
increment1593
brood1600
return1614
produce1650
improvement1706
out-turn1801
bag1858
production1878
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (2nd issue) iii. i. 81 Such thinges become the hatch and broode of time.
1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 37 The brood of folly without father bred.
1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 282/2 To drive and scatter all the brood of Lies.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. ix. 167 A brood of guilty wishes.
f. Of bees and wasps: the larvæ while in the brood-cells. See also foulbrood n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > larva
schadon1623
bee-grub1672
bee-maggot1686
brood1754
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > larva in brood-cells
brood1754
1754 P. Templeman Remarks Physics II. 82 Till all the brood have sallied forth in the form of bees.
1806 J. G. Dalyell tr. F. Huber New Observ. Nat. Hist. Bees v. 102 Another piece of comb, containing the brood of workers.
1869 Good Words for Young Sept. 515/1 At length the first brood [of wasps] is hatched.
2. † a. The cherishing of the fœtus in the egg or the womb; hatching, breeding. to sit on brood or a-brood: as a hen on her eggs, figurative to sit brooding. Cf. abrood adv. Obsolete or archaic.† b. Hence: parentage, extraction, nativity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (intransitive)] > sit on eggs (of hen)
to sit on brood or a-broodc1275
set1587
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > bringing forth young
breeding1387
whelping1398
broodc1440
feture?1440
litterc1440
littering1542
fall1593
litterage1601
cast1646
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > expression of dismay [phrase] > contemplate moodily
to sit on brood or a-brood1600
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > be ill-humoured [phrase]
to sit on brood or a-brood1600
as cross as a bear with a sore head1901
c1275 (?c1250) [implied in: Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 518 So sone so þu sittest abrode, Þu forlost al þine wise. (at abrood adv.)].
a1300 Seven Sins in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 19 A-pan is muk he sit a-brode.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 142 Þe egle is a foule þat sielde sittiþ abroode and sielde haþ briddes.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 575 What woman cannot sette an hen on broode And bryng her briddes forth?
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 53 Brode of byrdys, pullificacio.
c1534 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 182 Verie commodius for the broode and feeding of cattayle.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xviii. 113 To fat their fesant cocks and hens for feastiuall daies..and not for broode.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 168 There's something in his soule Ore which his melancholy sits on brood . View more context for this quotation
1872 R. Browning Fifine lix. 12 You still blew a spark at brood I' the greyest embers.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun]
kinc892
strindc900
i-cundeOE
bloodOE
kindredOE
birtha1250
strainc1275
gesta1300
offspring?a1300
lineagea1330
descentc1330
linec1330
progenya1382
generationc1384
engendrurec1390
ancestry?a1400
genealogya1400
kind?a1400
stranda1400
coming?a1425
bedc1430
descencec1443
descension1447
ligneea1450
originc1450
family1474
originala1475
extraction1477
nativityc1485
parentelea1492
stirpc1503
stem?c1550
race1563
parentage1565
brood1590
ancientry1596
descendance1599
breeding1600
descendancy1603
delineation1606
extract1631
ancestory1650
agnation1782
havage1799
engendure1867
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C2v At last..Arose the virgin borne of heauenly brood.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. vii. sig. S1v They doe thy linage, and thy Lordly brood..They doe thy loue, forlorne in womens thraldome see. View more context for this quotation
c. attributive with sense ‘breeding’; as in brood class; brood hen, brood mare, brood sow, and the like, where however the words are often hyphenated: see Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [adjective] > relating to mating > that mates
brood1526
pairing1781
mating1850
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > female > sow > for breeding or pregnant
brood sow1814
farrow-sow1836
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > breeding class
brood class1883
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dvv He..cherissheth vs, as..the broode henne her cheykyns.
1814 W. Scott Diary 10 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. 175 The brood sow making..a distinguished inhabitant of the mansion.
1883 Birmingham Weekly Post 11 Aug. 6/3 Mares and foals shown in the brood class.
1886 Sat. Rev. 6 Mar. 327/2 A brood mare, one of the blue-blooded matrons of the Stud-book.
d. A state of brooding or mental contemplation, esp. in a brood.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [noun] > state or quality of
penseec1485
thoughtfulness1594
reflexivenessa1651
considerateness1651
reflectedness1688
reflectivenessa1703
considerativeness1710
contemplativeness1727
cogitativeness1823
meditativenessa1834
submergence1872
brood1895
1895 T. Hardy Jude vi. vi. 469 You seem all in a brood, old man.
1941 N. Marsh Surfeit of Lampreys xvi. 251 We'll all have a brood over the beastly thing.
1959 Guardian 16 Oct. 9/1 Bill Mortlock is apt to go into a sudden brood about ethics or the rightness of Proust.
3. A race, a kind; a species of men, animals, or things, having common qualities. Now usually contemptuous; = ‘swarm, crew, crowd’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class
kinc950
kindOE
distinction?c1225
rowc1300
spece1303
spice1303
fashionc1325
espicec1386
differencea1398
statec1450
sort?1523
notion1531
species1561
vein1568
brood1581
rank1585
order1588
race1590
breed1598
strain1612
batch1616
tap1623
siege1630
subdivision1646
notionality1651
category1660
denomination1664
footmark1666
genus1666
world1685
sortment1718
tribe1731
assortment1767
description1776
style1794
grouping1799
classification1803
subcategory1842
type1854
basket1916
society > society and the community > [noun] > social group > regarded as having something in common
clanc1540
crew1570
brood1581
public1911
club1944
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 213 b The secrett whisperings of Pelagius brood.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 22 Cornish houses are most pestred with Rats, a brood very hurtful.
1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 208 Presbyterians and the rest of yt Brood.
1713 J. Addison Cato iii. 41 Its tainted Air and all its Broods of Poison.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 103 A brood of petty despots.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 June 1/1 The unclean brood of pashas and beys at present infesting London.
4. spec. The spat of oysters in its second year.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Ostreidae > member of (oyster) > spawn > in it's second year
oyster brood1827
brood1862
1862 Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 504 This brood is carefully laid down in the oyster-beds of Whitstable.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Dec. 5 The free fishermen buy not only ‘brood’, as the spawn is called when two years old, but oysters much nearer maturity.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 154/1 Spat in the second year is denominated ‘brood’.
5. Mineralogy. ‘The heavier kinds of waste in tin and copper ores (Cornwall).’ Raymond Mining Gloss.
ΚΠ
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall Brood, impurities mixed with ore.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 112 Brood, Corn[wall]. The heavier kinds of waste in tin and copper ores.
Compounds
C1. Frequently with sense ‘breeding, hatching’.
brood-basket n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > [noun] > poultry-rearing equipment
nest-egg1579
mother1807
brood-basket1848
incubator1857
crammer1887
foster-mother1907
1848 Sketches Rur. Affairs 236 A hen and her chickens are sometimes carried..to the turnip-field, in a sort of basket, called a brood-basket.
brood-bed n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > egg > [noun] > incubation > place for
brood-bed1605
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 179 The rich Marchant, resolutely venters, So soone as th' Halcyon in her brood-bed enters.
brood-capsule n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [noun] > class Cestodes > member of > segmented > embryo
proscolex1859
brood-capsule1870
oncosphere1892
1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. (1880) 235 Instead of producing simple ‘Echinococci’, it [the tape-worm] may bud off numerous ‘brood-capsules’.
brood-comb n. (Of bees.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > honeycomb > used for brood
brood-comb1776
1776 Debraw in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 67 27 The other piece of brood-comb.
brood-goose n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > member of subfamily Anserinea (goose) > domestic
stubble-goosec1386
breed-goose1465
brood-goosea1625
Strasbourg goose1803
a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Qqq3/2 They have no more burthen than a brood-goose, brother.
brood-mare n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by gender or age > [noun] > female > mare > used for breeding
stud mareeOE
stud?a1500
steid-meir1582
brood-mare1792
matron1931
1792 Sporting Mag. 1 153/2 Stallions... Brood mares.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 29 Flocks and herds, and broodmares abounded in their pastures.
brood-oven n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [noun] > incubator or brooder
furnacec1400
brood-oven1737
eccaleobion1839
hatcher1856
incubator1857
brooder1880
brood-chamber1888
1737 G. Smith Curious Relations I. iv. 490 Brood-Ovens, contriv'd to breed and hatch all Sorts of Eggs.
brood-oyster n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Ostreidae > member of (oyster) > breeding
brood-oyster1864
1864 Daily Tel. 18 May From brood-oysters, whelks, shell-fish and the rest, the villages..derive £30,000 a year.
brood-pouch n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > egg > pouch on body for eggs
brood-pouch1869
1869 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. (1880) 522 In the curious American Tree-frogs..the females have a dorsal brood-pouch.
1881 F. M. Balfour Treat. Compar. Embryol. II. 55 In Syngnathus the eggs are carried in a brood-pouch of the male situated behind the anus.
brood-song n.
ΚΠ
1840 R. Browning Sordello i. 279 He..sends his soul along, With the cloud's thunder, or a dove's brood-song.
brood-sow n.
ΚΠ
1829 W. Scott Guy Mannering (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xx Her sons..stole a brood-sow from their kind entertainer.
C2. † brood-man n. Obsolete (Latin proletarius) a Roman citizen of the lowest class who served the republic only with his children.
brood box n. Bee-keeping the main, lower part of a beehive in which the queen lives and the brood is reared; a brood box or brood chamber; cf. body box n. at body n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of
moutha1398
stool?1523
skirt1555
hackle1609
smoot1615
imp1618
bolster1623
cop1623
underlaya1642
hack1658
tee-hole1669
frame1673
hood1686
alighting board1780
body box1823
superhive1847
super1855
quilt1870
queen excluder1881
bar-super1884
brood box1888
1888 F. R. Cheshire Bees & Bee-keeping II. 99 The section-racks..are constructed on the general plan of the brood-chambers..; their edges..abut accurately upon the brood-boxes.
brood-cell n. (a) a cell in a honeycomb, made for the reception of a larva, as distinguished from a honey-cell; (b) Botany, an asexually produced reproductive cell ( Funk's Stand. Dict. 1893).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > honeycomb > cell for reception of a larva
brood-cell1884
1884 T. W. Cowan Brit. Bee-keeper's Guide Bk. (ed. 4) ii. 11 A small portion [of pollen] is used by the mature bees..for..capping brood-cells.
1901 A. Sutro tr. M. Maeterlinck Life of Bee iii. § 60. 163 There were both brood-cells and cells full of honey.
brood-chamber n. (a) a chamber for holding the eggs or brood of an animal, etc.; (b) a chamber folded off from the uterus and closed around the embryo in some species of Peripatus ( Cent. Dict. Suppl.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [noun] > incubator or brooder
furnacec1400
brood-oven1737
eccaleobion1839
hatcher1856
incubator1857
brooder1880
brood-chamber1888
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Onychophora > [noun] > class Protracheata > genus Peripatus > chamber round embryo
brood-chamber1888
1888 [see brood box n.].
1914 P. Geddes Sex iv. 90 A unique shell..which is used as a brood-chamber for the developing ova.
brood-food n. a prepared food for young bees; a substance derived from pollen by digestion, and serving as a pap for a brood of bees.
brood-hen n. a breeding-hen; also an old name for the constellation of the Pleiades.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > Pleiades
PleiadOE
seven starsOE
seven sistersc1425
Virgilsc1440
brood-hen1526
hen and chickens1613
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [noun] > hen > at or of specific stage, condition, or habits
pulletc1400
brood-hen1526
smoke-hen1577
Shrovetide hen1598
shroving hen1611
poulard1733
clucker1779
1526 [see sense 2c].
1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 265 In Greeke Pleiades, and also Atlantides: they are named in englysh the brood Henne, and the Seuen starres.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 298 There should not be put vnder a brood-hen aboue 25 egs at one time to sit vpon.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 30 The occultation or setting of the Brood-hen.
brood-lamella n. ‘in crustaceans, a part of an appendage modified to form a protective cover for the eggs or young’ ( Cent. Dict. Suppl.).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class > in ancient Rome
brood-man1610
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God iii. xvii. 133 A Brood-man was..euer forborne from all offices and vses in the Cittie, beeing reserued onely to begette children.
brood nest n. the space inside a hive occupied by the queen and brood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > beehive > space occupied by queen and brood
brood nest1875
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 494/1 In the early spring, if a clean empty piece of drone comb be put into the centre of the brood nest, the queen will usually fill it with drone eggs.
brood-space n. Anatomy a cavity in the body of an animal, in which eggs or young are received and remain for a time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > egg > cavity for eggs
brood-space1878
1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 268 An Egg in the brood-space formed between the body and the mantle.
brood spot n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > egg > [noun] > incubation > bird that incubates > area from which feathers have fallen off
brood spot1896
1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 450 Usually the sitting Bird is provided with brood spots, regions from which the feathers have fallen off, so that the eggs may come into direct contact with the warm skin.
Draft additions December 2005
brood parasite n. Biology an animal that lays its eggs in the nest of another animal (of the same or a different species), leaving the host to care for them and the eventual young, to the detriment of the host's young.
ΚΠ
1937 W. C. Allee & K. P. Schmidt Hesse's Ecol. Animal Geogr. xxii. 461 Burrowing wasps likewise play large part in steppe regions... Their brood parasites are found with these Hymenoptera, such as the multillid wasps.
1999 National Trust Mag. Autumn 35/2 Mike discovered..a rare bee which is a brood parasite, laying its eggs in the food store of another bee which nests in old mouse holes.
Draft additions December 2005
brood parasitism n. Biology the mode of life characteristic of brood parasites.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > relationships of organisms > [noun] > parasitism
parasitism1853
xenoparasitism1905
brood parasitism1914
holoparasitism1927
1914 Science 9 Jan. 70/1 Reuter's conception of parasitism is too narrow, because it includes only food parasitism and excludes phoresy..and brood parasitism.
1953 Q. Rev. Biol. 28 226/1 In species with brood parasitism,..the entire care of eggs and young is foisted onto other species.
1995 Audubon Nov. 84/4 Added to predation in these fragmented woodlands is brood parasitism—particularly that of brown-headed cowbirds, which lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
broodv.
/bruːd/, U.S. /brud/ I. transitive (mostly archaic or poetic)† 4.
1. † b. To produce by brooding upon; to breed. (Cf. Gen. i. 2.) Obsolete.
a. To sit on (eggs) so as to hatch them; to incubate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > egg > [verb (transitive)] > brood over
hove1399
broodc1440
cover1607
hurkle1640
hover1789
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 53 Brodyn, as byrdys, foveo, fetifico.
1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 166 If the hen brood not her eggs, she hath no desire to make them disclose.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 179 Gods Spirit..must incubate, and brood both, to make them fruitfull.
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1843) II. 41 (note) That the eggs..are deposited in heaps and that the neuters brood them.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. i. 31/2 To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh (celestial) Egg?
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally > upon something
brood1651
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. i. 13 A Chäos capable of any form that the next daring spirit shall brood upon it.
2.
a. To cherish (young brood) under the wings, as a hen does; often figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > enfold in protective care
shadowa1300
brood1571
enfolda1711
fold1826
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lvii. 2) To gather in our hope unto God, that he may broode us under his winges.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1338/1 A hen a brooding hir chickens.
1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xiv. §147 They brood their brood under the covering of their wings.
1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie Ep. Ded. 3 This strange bird thus hatched by Farell..was afterwards brooded by two more famous successors.
1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. 35 Those Gods, under whose wings I have been brooded.
b. to brood up: = breed v. up, to rear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to
makeOE
breedc1200
wakea1325
wakenc1330
engendera1393
gendera1398
raisea1400
begetc1443
reara1513
ingener1513
ingenerate1528
to stir upc1530
yield1576
to pull ona1586
to brood up1586
to set afloat (on float)1586
spawn1594
innate1602
initiate1604
inbreed1605
irritate1612
to give rise to1630
to let in1655
to gig (out)1659
to set up1851
gin1887
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. xi. 44 The thriftie Earth that bringeth out and broodeth vp her breed.
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God ii. xxiii. 94 Not able to restraine them from brooding vp such desires.
3. figurative. To breed, hatch (products or projects); to produce as it were by incubation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally
fruita1382
engendera1393
breeda1398
gendera1398
yielda1400
proferc1425
to bring out1545
generate1563
produce1585
brooda1625
to send forth1626
propagate1699
pan1873
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine ii. i, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gg2v/1 An ease that broodes Theeves, and basterds onely.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Worc. 168 Hell, and not the Heavens brooded that design.
1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iii. i. 110 There brood the Pestilence, and let The Earthquake loose.
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 183 By the natural processes of the creative faculty, to brood those flashes of expression that transcend rhetoric.
a. To cherish, nurse tenderly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > affectionately or tenderly
nourishc1300
cherish1340
fosterc1386
lapc1430
tender1449
nestle1548
nuzzlea1577
brood1618
incubate1641
nurslea1652
1618 T. Adams Happines of Church ii. 26 Pleasures, delights, riches are hatched and brooded by the wicked as their owne.
a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnnnn/2 This fellow broods his Master.
b. To cherish in the mind, ‘to nurse wrath (or the like) to keep it warm’; to meditate upon, contemplate with feeling. Now usually to brood on or over: see sense 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > meditate upon [verb (transitive)]
thinkOE
overthinkOE
recorda1400
studya1400
imaginec1405
revolve?c1425
contemplairec1525
brood1589
recollect1626
1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) v. xxvii. 121 The world thus brooding Vanities.
1647 T. Fuller Cause Wounded Conscience xii. 87 To sit moping to brood their Melancholly.
1651 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioon Mary Queen of Scots 67 She temperatly broodeth [(ed. 1) brooketh] good luck.
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 68 You'l sit and brood your sorrows on a Throne.
1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 26 Their careful masters brood the painful thought.
1784 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1826) IV. 337 I have had no long time to brood hope.
1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 61 Such wedlock even now He blindly broods, as shall uptear his kingdom.
II. intransitive.
5. To sit as a hen on eggs; to sit or hover with outspread cherishing wings.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > egg > [verb (intransitive)] > sit or brood
sit1483
brood1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 907 Birdes sit brooding in the Snow. View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn v, in Poems 4 Birds of Calm sit brooding on the charmed wave.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 21 Thou..with mighty wings outspread Dove-like satst brooding on the vast Abyss And mad'st it pregnant. View more context for this quotation
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xviii. 329 A couple of sparrows..would build their nest, and brood upon their eggs.
1852 A. Jameson Legends Madonna 198 [The Dove] sometimes seems to brood immediately over the head of the Virgin.
6. figurative. To sit on, or hang close over; to hover over; with some figurative reference to the action or attitude of a brooding bird. Said esp. of night, darkness, silence, mist, storm-clouds, and the like.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > overhang [verb (intransitive)] > hover over
brood1697
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 59 Perpetual Night..In silence brooding on th' unhappy ground. View more context for this quotation
1786 S. Rogers Ode Superstit. i. ii Night..brooding, gave her shapeless shadows birth.
1810 T. Park Confirm. Day in Poet. Register 31 The bishop's blessing broods upon their heads, (As once o'er Jordan did the dove-like form).
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 191 Glencoe signifies the Glen of Weeping..Mists and storms brood over it through the greater part of the finest summer.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xiii. 201 Silence brooded over the long undulations of the Park.
7.
a. To meditate moodily, or with strong feeling, on or over; to dwell closely upon in the mind; to nurse or foster the feeling of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] > contemplate moodily
brood1751
mood1796
brood1833
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 185. ⁋6 He who has often brooded over his wrongs.
1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 233 From the 21st to the 25th..the Governor brooded over the two Bills.
1805 R. Southey Madoc i. iii. 28 I veiled my head, and brooded on the past.
1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. vi. 325 I would sit, and deeply brood On dark revenge.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk I. v. 98 A mind for ever brooding over itself.
1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma vii. 189 It was on this that..their hopes brooded.
b. To meditate (esp. in a moody or morbid way).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] > contemplate moodily
brood1751
mood1796
brood1833
1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 151 With down cast eyes we muse and brood.
1853 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey (new ed.) v. iii. 151 Their conversation..allowed him no pause to brood.
1873 J. Morley Rousseau I. 277 The egoistic character that loves to brood, and hates to act.
8. transferred.
a. To breed (interest).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > accumulate or accrue (of money) > as or with interest
ocker?c1225
multiplyc1450
brood1678
accrue1802
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 143 Sums..That Brooding lye in Bankers hands.
b. To lie as a cherished nestling, a cherished thought, etc. (Cf. 4b, 6.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > come to mind, occur [verb (intransitive)] > lie in one's mind
brood1679
1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida Pref. sig. a The injury he had receiv'd..had long been brooding in his mind.
1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 659 The dovelike rest That broods within her pious breast.
1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. xvii. 232 The themes that were brooding deepest in their hearts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.c1000v.c1440- to keep rollcall
- to keep run of
- to keep saint monday
- to keep sanctuary
- to keep school
- to keep schools
- to keep secret
- to keep sentinel
- to keep sentry
- to keep sheep by moonlight
- to keep shop
- to keep shtum
- to keep silence
- to keep snug
- to keep someone hopping
- to keep someone quiet
- to make no scriple of conscience
- to make no spare
- to make no strength
- to make no strength of
- to make noise
- to make noises
- to make northing
- to make note
- to make nothing