turn-overn.2adj.
/ˈtəːnˌəʊvə/, U.S. /ˈtərnˌoʊvər/ A. n.2
1.
a. The action of turning over, in various senses: see quots.; (Polit. slang) a transference of votes from one party to another.
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the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > somersault
supersault1503
somersault1530
tumbling cast1530
sobersaulta1533
somerset1591
turn-over1660
pitch-pole1842
spin1842
salto mortale1896
flip-flop1902
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [noun]
overchangingc1384
transmutation1398
permutationa1425
transforming1435
resolutiona1450
translating1503
resolvinga1513
conversion1549
transposing1550
conversationa1570
transmuting1579
projection?1583
transmigration1618
version1626
transversion1656
transmogrification1661
converting1711
metamorphosing1730
metastasis1818
turn-over1825
interconversion1865
transnaturation1873
transmorphism1888
segue1945
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > registering or casting votes > transfer of votes from one party to another
overturn1894
turn-over1895
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 365 Dancers on the rope, standing with their head down, and feet up, with a thousand Turn-overs, and Gamboles.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 62 The turn-over proved quite a relief to the company.
1868 A. K. H. Boyd Lessons Middle Age 279 The music was good, after the choir got themselves settled to their work. But if I were Dean of Wells, there should be a thorough turn-over.
1895 G. W. E. Russell in Forum (N.Y.) Oct. 160 No very sweeping change of opinion—no very considerable turnover of votes.
b. The point at which it is necessary to turn over a gramophone record; a break in play at the end of a side of a record.
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society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [noun] > playing of records > turn-over point
turn-over1931
1931 Times Educ. Suppl. 12 Dec. 1/3 With almost incredible perversity the engineers have made the turn-over not at the beginning of the Scherzo, but at the piu mosso.
1976 Gramophone Apr. 1603/3 Now that DG have put the whole work on to one disc,..there is a turn-over in the ‘Gretchen’ movement (it comes at the beginning of the fourth bar after letter G).
2. An apprentice whose indentures are transferred to another master on the retirement or failure of his original one; also, the action or process of turning over an apprentice. Now dial.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > apprentice or learner > types of apprentices
turn-over1631
under-prenticea1640
turnover apprentice1859
premium apprentice1871
1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. ii. 14 Besse. Your olde Master..hath turn'd over your yeares to me. Clem. Right forsooth: before he was a Vintner, hee was a shoo-maker, and left two or three turne-overs more besides my selfe.
1666 in Eng. Gilds (1870) Introd. 161 (note) Supernumerary Apprentices and Turn~overs, which have increased the number [of printers] almost to twice as many.
1708 Constitutions Company of Watermen & Lightermen xii. 24 Every Apprentice, whose Master and Mistress shall happen to dye..shall..apply himself to the Rulers,..and..be by them..turned over to some other able and fit Master or Mistress,..by Indorsing such Turn-over upon his Indenture of Apprentiship.
1886 T. Frost Reminisc. Country Journalist v. 52 A ‘turn-over’, that is, an apprentice who, after serving a portion of his term, is transferred to another employer.
3. Any thing or part which is turned or folded over.† a. ? In a cork shoe: a welt which is turned over the insole; (also) a shoe with such a welt. Obs.
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the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > that which is or may be folded > a folded part
turn-over1611
turning1631
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bord,..the welt, or turneouer of a corke shoe.
1630 in Welford Hist. Newcastle (1887) III. 298 Stall rooms—of Mark Milbank, for himself for a turnover, 3s.
b. The flap of an envelope; a leaf of a book, etc.
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > one of folds or folded sheet
leafOE
turn-over1829
1829 Young Lady's Bk. 338 A very small bit of wax may be dropped beneath the turn-over of the letter.
1829 Young Lady's Bk. 340 These envelopes..resemble a sort of pocket; the ends are closed, and the turn-over is sealed in the usual way, after the enclosure is inserted.
c. An article that begins in the last column of a newspaper page and continues overleaf.
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society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > article > other types of article
lost1762
human interest1779
sub-article1815
sub-leader1839
turn-over1842
feuilleton1845
special1861
spesh1887
causerie1903
personality profile1922
think-piece1935
situationer1937
turnover article1952
opinion piece1957
tick-tock1972
listicle2007
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy ii He caught some words that were on the last turn-over of the sheet.
1883 (title) ‘Turnovers’ from ‘The Globe’.
1899 Roberton Kipling Guide Bk. 52 ‘Turn-overs’, so called from the sketch (‘turning over’ to the second page) by Mr. Kipling.
d. Printing. (See quots. 1938, 1956.)
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society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > extension beyond allotted space
overrun1898
run-over1900
turn-over1938
1938 L. M. Harrod Librarians' Gloss. 652 Turn-over, an extension of printed matter, beyond the space allotted.
1956 Bookman's Conc. Dict. 44/1 Break line, the last line of a paragraph not spaced full out to the measure; also known as..Turn Over.
1981 I. A. Gordon in N.Z. Listener 14–20 Feb. I am well aware that newspaper columns are narrow and that words must consequently be broken up into two bits, joined by a hyphen at the end of the first line. This necessity is known by printers as the ‘turn-over’.
4.
a. A linen band or the like worn round the neck and turned down; a turn-down collar or neck-band.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > collar > types of > turn-down
turn-over1716
lay-down1839
mousquetaire1854
turnover collara1861
turn-down1896
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > collar > types of > other
rabat1578
falling band1581
rebato1589
fall1598
piccadill1607
golilla1673
collarettea1685
banda1700
turn-over1716
Vandyke1755
falling-down collar1758
falling collar1770
fall-down?1796
yoke collar1817
rabatine1821
dicky1830
dog collar1852
Piccadilly collar1853
all-rounder1854
all round1855
turnover collara1861
Quaker collar1869
Eton collar1875
Toby collar1885
Eton1887
sailor collar1895
roll-neck1898
Shakespeare collar1907
polo collar1909
white-collar1910
tab collar1928
Peter Pan collar1948
tie-neck1968
1716–20 Lett. from Mist's Jrnl. (1722) I. 204 Curious Linnen, made up into very fine Turnovers, Necks, and Ruffles.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Turnover, a piece of white linen which is worn by the soldiers belonging to the British cavalry over their stocks, about half an inch deep. Three turnovers per annum are ordered to be provided.
1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 158 The ‘turnovers’ worn by the beaus of those days [sc. 1770] with ‘ruffles’.
b. local. A small shawl worn by women.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for head or neck or body > [noun] > shawl > types of
zephyr1774
zendaletto1789
rebozo1807
cashmere1822
India shawl1822
Paisley shawl1823
blanket shawl1837
pashmina1837
merino1839
Paisley1849
fascinator1853
phulkari1887
turn-over1891
manton1920
lappa1954
1891 ‘Q’ Noughts & Crosses 206 She wore a violet turnover.
5. A kind of tart in which the fruit is laid on one half of the rolled out paste, and the other half turned over it; a child's sweetmeat resembling this. Also attrib. as turn-over shop.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pasty > [noun]
pasty1296
pain puffa1425
pastetha1425
petty pernya1425
petit pâté?c1425
patty1660
overflap1692
pattypan1694
patty-cake1788
puff pastry1788
turn-over1798
pielet1881
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > other sweets
scrochat1448
gobbet riala1500
Portugal1560
sugar-pellet1591
muscadine1599
moscardino1616
rock candy1653
covering-seeds1687
lollipop1784
turn-over1798
lavender-sugar1810
humbug1825
kiss1825
elecampane1826
Gibraltar1831
yellow man1831
rose cake1834
cockle1835
maple candy1840
butterscotch1847
sponge candy1850
squib1851
honeycomb1857
marshmallow1857
motto kiss1858
fondant1861
coffee cream1868
candy-braid1870
candy bar1885
suckabob1888
nut bar1896
crackerjack1902
teiglach1903
red-hot1910
violet cream1912
mouldy1916
patty1916
lace1919
Tootsie Roll1925
sugar mouse1931
Parma1971
cinder toffee1979
1798 Sporting Mag. 11 176 An old woman..preparing her turnovers, commonly called apple-pies.
1825 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1291 Our ‘tart’ and ‘turn-over’ shop.
1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words
1882 Good Words 23 606 Venison pasties and apple turnovers and runlets of ale.
1892 Star 24 Dec. 3/2 There were sweets called turnovers, in which were coins of various values.
6.
a. The total amount of business done in a given time; also, the amount of goods produced and disposed of by a manufacturer; also, the ‘turning over’ of the capital involved in a business; also, the net profit derived from a business in a given time; in extended sense, the amount or number of anything (or of persons) dealt with, processed, etc.; the throughput; turnover tax, a tax on the turnover of a business.
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society > trade and finance > [noun] > turning over in course of trade > amount in given time
turn-over1879
the world > relative properties > quantity > [noun] > a definite or specified quantity or amount > specific quantities or amounts > dealt with or processed
turn-over1911
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > tax on businesses
corporate tax1863
profits tax1903
turnover tax1920
payroll tax1924
S.E.T.1966
imputation1971
1879 T. H. S. Escott England I. 391 On this large turn-over the gross profit averages 8½ per cent.
1880 Daily News 10 Dec. 5/7 The Blarney mills make a great ‘turn over’ of tweed.
1883 J. C. Bloomfield Fisheries Ireland 13 The great trading motto of low price and large and quick turn overs.
1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 41 5 The cost of production, unless very carefully managed, runs the turnover very close.
1911 G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma Pref. p. xxvi The sixpenny doctor, with his low prices and quick turnover of patients,..makes much more than you do.
1920 Manch. Guardian 28 Dec. 11/5 A turnover tax operates whether the transaction is a profit or a loss.
1938 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Sept. 3/1 Under the old paper-ballot system the turnover was many times faster.
1944 Sun (Baltimore) 15 June 20/8 It is only by speeding up the rate of turn~over that, with our depleted staff, we are able to deliver practically as many babies as in [a] normal period.
1973 E. Osers tr. K. Waldheim Austrian Example ii. 30 Economic recovery required..the application of a severe austerity programme which involved..the introduction of a turnover tax.
1976 Howard Jrnl. 15 i. 43 The subject-matter is the frequency of remands for medical reports..in relation to the total turnover of magistrates' courts.
b. The simultaneous synthesis and degradation of a substance in a living organism; turnover rate, turnover time (see quot. 1943).
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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > period > [noun]
logarithmic phase1914
prothrombin time1927
log phase1938
turnover time1943
survival time1947
pulse1960
scotophase1962
the world > life > biology > biological processes > metabolism > [noun] > metabolic processes
metastasis1861
respiration1882
nitrogen fixation1893
turn-over1943
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > measure > [noun] > rate
R1841
productivity1881
fusion frequency1924
mutation rate1930
turnover rate1943
1943 Jrnl. Gen. Physiol. 26 326 Turnover.—This term refers to the process of renewal of a given substance... Turnover rate..is the amount of the substance that is turned over by that tissue per unit of time... Turnover time..is the time required for the appearance or disappearance of an amount of that substance equal to the amount of that substance present in the tissue.
1961 Times 3 Feb. 19/7 In health the myelin sheath is a stable tissue element with little or no evidence of metabolic turnover.
1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens iv. 58 Slow rates of protein turnover might well be a characteristic of all lichens.
1977 P. B. Medawar & J. S. Medawar Life Sci. x. 84 The turnover rate of bodily constituents varies widely from tissue to tissue.
1982 S. G. Chaney in T. M. Devlin Textbk. Biochem. xxv. 1180 The turnover of body protein is a normal process.
c. The number of employees leaving a work-force and being replaced, change of staff.
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society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > action or fact of vacating office > resigning or laying down office > proportion who leave work
labour turnover1915
quit rate1926
turn-over1955
churn1977
1955 Times 7 June 7/3 The plan was also expected to reduce labour turnover since a qualifying period would be—or should be —needed to secure the guarantee.
1956 W. H. Whyte Organization Man i. v. 58 Employees like it and absence and turnover are low.
1963 E. P. Thompson Making of Eng. Working Class viii. 246 The labour turnover in the early engineering workshops was prodigious; Galloway, who employed eighty or ninety men in 1824, claimed to have had between 1,000 and 1,500 men pass through his works in the previous twelve years; that is more than a total turnover of the labour force per annum.
1977 W. B. Eberhard in Bond & McLeod Newslett. to Newspapers ii. 149 Postal rates soared..and personnel turnovers were unusually high.
7. U.S. Sport. The (unintended) loss of possession of the ball to the opposing team.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1857
punt-out1861
goal-kicking1871
safety1879
safety touchdown1879
scrimmage1880
rushing1882
safety touch1884
touchback1884
forward pass1890
run1890
blocking1891
signal1891
fake1893
onside kick1895
tandem-play1895
pass play1896
spiral1896
shift1901
end run1902
straight-arm1903
quarterback sneak1904
runback1905
roughing1906
Minnesota shift1910
quarterbacking1910
snap-back1910
pickoff1912
punt return1914
screen forward pass1915
screen pass1920
power play1921
sneak1921
passback1922
snap1922
defence1923
reverse1924
carry1927
lateral1927
stiff-arm1927
zone1927
zone defence1927
submarine charge1928
squib1929
block1931
pass rushing1933
safetying1933
trap play1933
end-around1934
straight-arming1934
trap1935
mousetrap1936
buttonhook1938
blitzing1940
hand-off1940
pitchout1946
slant1947
strike1947
draw play1948
shovel pass1948
bootleg1949
option1950
red dog1950
red-dogging1951
rollout1951
submarine1952
sleeper pass1954
draw1956
bomb1960
swing pass1960
pass rush1962
blitz1963
spearing1964
onsides kick1965
takeaway1967
quarterback sack1968
smash-mouth1968
veer1968
turn-over1969
bump-and-run1970
scramble1971
sack1972
nose tackle1975
nickel1979
pressure1981
1969 Eugene (Oregon) Register-Guard 3 Dec. 1 d/3 Not often does a team commit 27 turnovers and win, but South Eugene did just that.
1975 New Yorker 7 Apr. 108/2 Similarly, in their other defensive ploys the Knicks' object was to harass their opponents into committing turnovers—that is, losing the ball by making wayward passes or committing technical infractions.
1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 20 Sept. 11 d/2 Four turnovers took the Ducks out of the contest.
B. adj.
That turns or is turned over, as turnover apprentice, turnover collar, turnover hand, turnover lip, turnover majority: cf. senses above.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > apprentice or learner > types of apprentices
turn-over1631
under-prenticea1640
turnover apprentice1859
premium apprentice1871
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > collar > types of > turn-down
turn-over1716
lay-down1839
mousquetaire1854
turnover collara1861
turn-down1896
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > collar > types of > other
rabat1578
falling band1581
rebato1589
fall1598
piccadill1607
golilla1673
collarettea1685
banda1700
turn-over1716
Vandyke1755
falling-down collar1758
falling collar1770
fall-down?1796
yoke collar1817
rabatine1821
dicky1830
dog collar1852
Piccadilly collar1853
all-rounder1854
all round1855
turnover collara1861
Quaker collar1869
Eton collar1875
Toby collar1885
Eton1887
sailor collar1895
roll-neck1898
Shakespeare collar1907
polo collar1909
white-collar1910
tab collar1928
Peter Pan collar1948
tie-neck1968
1605 P. Erondelle French Garden i. sig. D 8v Send for the shoomaker that he may haue againe these turn~ouer shooes, for they be too high.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 25 Close the two Ends of your Paper as you do a Turnover Tart.
1836 Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 238 Soiled buff boots with turnover red tops.
1859 J. D. Burn Autobiogr. Beggar Boy (ed. 4) 113 There was no opening for a turnover apprentice.
a1861 T. Winthrop Life in Open Air (1863) 318 In jacket and turn-over collar.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A turn-over collar.
1874 F. G. Lee Man. Cleric. 7 The Chalice should never have turn-over lips.
1913 Daily Graphic 24 Mar. 13/1 Nearly all the women were wearing low turn-over collars in colour, with flowing Quartier Latin ties.
1944 R. Mason in Penguin New Writing XXII. 142 Moby Dick marks the turnover point where balance was perhaps precariously achieved.
1978 Rugby World Apr. 59/2 (advt.) Best quality stretch nylon socks in plain colours and turn-over tops.
Special uses
turnover article n. = sense A. 3c.
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society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > article > other types of article
lost1762
human interest1779
sub-article1815
sub-leader1839
turn-over1842
feuilleton1845
special1861
spesh1887
causerie1903
personality profile1922
think-piece1935
situationer1937
turnover article1952
opinion piece1957
tick-tock1972
listicle2007
1952 H. Herd March of Journalism vi. 82 The third column had a turnover article giving a retrospect of political events since the beginning of the year.
1958 Spectator 20 June 795/1 I was glad to see The Times coming out so strongly, in Monday's ‘turnover’ article, against recent abuses by the courts of their Contempt powers.
turnover board n. Founding a flat board on which a flat-bottomed pattern or half-pattern may be stood for sand to be rammed round it.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > sand-moulding equipment
box1813
sandbox1833
sand-mould1843
pig bed1850
turnover board1888
sand-slinger1928
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 391 Turn over board, a board used for ramming a pattern upon.
1928 W. Rawlinson Mod. Foundry Operations xiii. 168 A method adopted in certain instances of repetition work..is that of a ‘turnover board’, also termed ‘bottom board’ or ‘joint board’.
1964 S. Crawford Basic Engin. Processes (1969) x. 238 The flat face of the pattern is placed on a turnover board and a suitable size moulding box..is placed over it.
turnover boiler n. see quot. 1877.
ΚΠ
1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Turn-over Boiler, a form of boiler in which the flues were turned over the fire-box or furnace.
turnover cartridge n. a gramophone cartridge with a pivoted mounting for two styluses for use at different speeds.
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society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > cartridge
cartridge1941
turnover cartridge1958
1958 Pract. Wireless 34 57/2 (advt.) Latest type lightweight crystal pick-ups with turn-over cartridge.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 264 The pick-up head may consist of a turnover cartridge having styli for coarse and fine groove records on the two sides.
turnover concern n. see quot.
ΚΠ
1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Turn~over Concerns, mills and machinery..turned over to a limited liability company.
turnover gear n. see quot.
ΚΠ
1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Turn-over Gear,..an application of machinery for hauling up logs from the saw-mill to the log-carriage, or turning the log on the carriage after slabbing one side.
turnover rake n. a hay-rake which, when full, turns over and deposits its collection.
ΚΠ
1883 Daily News 20 July 6/1 Messrs. Riches and Watts's turn~over gathering rake.
turnover-table n. a table with hinged top: see quot.; also a table with a sliding panel prepared for use as a draught-board or the like when reversed ( Cent. Dict. 1891).
ΚΠ
1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Turnover-table, a sort of small table, the top of which..may be turned over perpendicularly when out of use, thus occupying less room.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2018).
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n.2adj.1605- to put stress on
- to put stress upon
- to put stuffing into
- to put that and that together
- to put the acid on
- to put the arm on
- to put the arm on a person
- to put the ass on
- to put the ass upon
- to put the axe in the helve
- to put the bee on
- to put the bite on
- to put the black
- to put the black on a person
- to put the blast on
- to put the blast on someone
- to put the block on
- to put the blocks on
- to put the blocks to
- to put the boot in
- to put the bum on
- to put the case
- to put the cat among the pigeons
- to put the change on
- to put the change on a person