brewstern.1
/ˈbruːstər/ 1. originally. A woman that brews, a female brewer.
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the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewer > woman
brewsterc1308
brew-wife1393
lucky1717
breweress1841
c1308 T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 176 Hail be ȝe, brewesters, with ȝur galuns, Potels and quarters.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 306 Beton þe brewestere bad hym good morwe.
c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 662 Hec brasiatrix, brewster.
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 692 Hec pandoxatrix, a brewster.
1820 W. Scott Abbot I. xv. 326 We will play..in Dame Martin the Brewster's barn-yard.
2. Extended to both sexes: A brewer. (Only north English and Scottish since 15th cent., except as in Compounds.)
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the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > brewer
browster1283
brewera1300
brewster1377
beer-brewer1465
brachetour1598
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 218 Baxsteres and brewesteres, and bocheres manye.
1607 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 71 Fr. Steele brewster presented for selling ale contrary to the Statute.
Compounds
attributive and in other combinations.
brewster-wife n. Scottish a woman that brews or sells malt liquors.
ΚΠ
1818 R. Jamieson in E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (ed. 5) I. 323 A bad specimen of a Scotish brewster-wife.
1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 3) 128 The brewster-wives had formed a scheme for raising the price of ale.
brewster sessions n. sessions for the issue of licenses to trade in alcoholic liquors.
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society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts with other specific jurisdictions
marshalseaa1400
oyer and terminer1469
High Commission1581
jail-delivery1612
Court of (the) Verge1647
palace court1685
Court of Claims1691
Industrial Court1852
brewster sessions1883
traffic court1896
family court1917
1883 Standard 7 Sept. At the Canterbury Brewster-Sessions..all the licenses were granted except two.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
Brewstern.2
/ˈbruːstə/, U.S. /ˈbrustər/ Physics.
1. Used attributively in connection with his discoveries in optics.
a. Brewster angle n. (also Brewster's angle) the angle of incidence at the surface of a dielectric for which a wave polarized in the plane of incidence is not reflected at all, and an unpolarized wave is reflected as a plane-polarized one.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > reflection > [noun] > reflected light > plane or angle of
plane of reflection1704
angle of reflection1753
Brewster angle1950
1932 A. C. Hardy & F. H. Perrin Princ. Optics xxix. 600 The angle of incidence for which the polarization of the transmitted light is a maximum is somewhat less than the Brewsterian angle.]
1950 F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White Fund. Optics (ed. 2) xxiv. 489 The physical reason why light vibrating in the plane of incidence is not reflected at Brewster's angle lies in the transverse character of light vibrations.
1962 D. R. Corson & P. Lorrain Introd. Electromagn. Fields xi. 369 For light incident on glass with an index of refraction of 1·6, the Brewster angle is about 58°.
1980 Sci. Amer. Oct. 178/1 Because of the Brewster angle, however, one type of polarization is enhanced, and it quickly comes to dominate the laser process.
1984 D. C. Giancoli Gen. Physics xxxviii. 736 At Brewster's angle, the reflected and transmitted rays make a 90° angle to each other.
b. Brewster bands n. (also Brewster's bands) = Brewster fringes n. at sense 1c.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > reflection > [noun] > interference effects
Brewster bands1890
1890 T. Preston Theory of Light viii. 156 (heading) Brewster's bands.
c. Brewster fringes n. (also Brewster's fringes) interference fringes produced when a beam of (white or monochromatic) light passes through two sheets of glass, etc., and undergoes different internal reflections in them.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > diffraction > [noun] > band, strip
fringe1718
schliere1867
isogyre1902
isochromatic1924
Brewster fringes1934
1934 Discovery July 185/2 A group of straight and parallel interference fringes (known as Brewster's fringes) is seen through the telescope, the group consisting of a central white fringe accompanied by a few coloured fringes on either side.
1963 R. W. Ditchburn Light (ed. 2) ix. 359 The Brewster fringes..are observed by means of M1.
1976 F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White Fund. Optics (ed. 4) xiv. 303 The usefulness of Brewster's fringes lies chiefly in the fact that when they appear, the ratio of the two interferometer spacings is very exactly a whole number.
d. Brewster's law n. [published by Brewster in 1815] the law that the tangent of the Brewster angle is equal to the refractive index of the dielectric (in a vacuum), or to the ratio of the refractive indices of the media either side of the interface.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [noun] > index of refraction > law concerning
Brewster's law1882
1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 611 (heading) Brewster's law.
1937 F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White Fund. Optics xiv. 316 This is Brewster's law, which shows that the angle of maximum polarization depends on the refractive index and therefore varies with wave-length.
1973 R. S. Longhurst Geom. & Physical Optics (ed. 3) xxi. 519 If the angle of incidence for light in one direction is the polarizing angle and the directions of the incident and refracted rays are reversed, the new angle of incidence is the polarizing angle for light in the reverse direction. This follows at once from the original statement of Brewster's law.
e. Brewster window n. a window in a laser, etc., so arranged as to polarize light by reflection at the Brewster angle.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > reflection > [noun] > instrument
Fresnel's rhomb1835
Fresnel('s) mirror or mirrors1874
reflectometer1879
gloss-meter1930
Brewster window1965
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > laser > [noun] > component of
Brewster window1965
1962 Rev. Sci. Instruments XXXIII. 921 (heading) Construction of a gaseous optical maser using Brewster angle windows.]
1965 Appl. Physics Lett. 7 244/1 In the present work a Brewster window tube with external mirrors was used.
1984 National Geographic Mar. 341 (caption) In some gas lasers transparent disks called Brewster windows.., slanted at a precise angle, polarize the laser's light.
2. (With lower-case initial.) A unit of measurement for the stress-optical coefficient of a material, equal to 10−12 m2N−1 (originally 10−10 cm2 per gramme force, equal to (10−12/0.981) m2N−1).
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [noun] > index of refraction > stress-optical co-efficient
Brewster1910
1910 L. N. G. Filon in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 83 576 The stress-optical coefficients..are expressed in a unit of 10−10 cm.2 per gramme weight. It would be very desirable to have a short name for this unit…I propose to call it a brewster.
1938 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 42 570 The stress-optical coefficient of a certain soft vulcanised rubber compound is found to be 2,030 brewsters.
1980 L. Levi Appl. Optics II. x. 11 The difference in refractive index parallel and normal to the stress direction is readily calculated by the formula Δn = SB = 10−12S*B* where S is the stress (S* when in units of N/m2) and B is the stress-optic coefficient (sometimes called Brewster's constant) of the material (B* when in units of brewsters, i.e., reciprocal pN/m2).
Derivatives
Brewˈsterian adj.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [adjective]
refractious1633
refractive1642
refracting1644
refringent1654
dioptric1672
refractory1788
anaclastic1796
refractile1797
prismy1799
diaclastic1883
Brewsterian1942
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > reflection > [adjective] > relating to Brewster
Brewsterian1942
1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 355 An explanation of the elliptical polarisation of light reflected at the Brewsterian angle which is independent of the existence of surface films or strains in the refracting medium.
1963 R. W. Ditchburn Light (ed. 2) xii. 545 With most surfaces, the light reflected at the Brewsterian angle is elliptically polarized.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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