tropismn.

Brit.

/ˈtrəʊpɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈtroʊˌpɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: -tropism comb. form.

Etymology: < -tropism comb. form (compare discussion at that entry), in sense 1 after German Tropismus ( J. von Sachs Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie II (1893) 943 as Tropismen (plural), in the source reviewed in quot. 1893). Sense 2 apparently arose as an extended use in English.

1. Biology. Movement of an organism or part of an organism, esp. part of a plant, in a direction toward or away from an external stimulus; an instance of this. Compare earlier heliotropism n., geotropism n., hydrotropism n., etc.In plants, such movement typically results from differential growth or changes in the turgor of cells.Such movement in an organism capable of locomotion is usually called taxis. Movements that occur in response to an external stimulus but are not directional are called nasties (see nasty n.²).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > movement in response to stimuli > [noun] > turning

tropism1893

klinokinesis1937

klinotaxis1940

1893 Nature 28 Sept. 514/1 The seventh section contains the papers on ‘tropisms’, i.e. the reactions of growing organs under the stimuli of gravitation, light, and moisture.

1899 C. B. Davenport Exper. Morphol. ii. 480 All cases of true tropism are cases of response to stimuli: such are chemotropism, hydrotropism, thigmotropism, traumatropism, rheotropism, geotropism, electrotropism, phototropism and thermotropism.

1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. xix. 427 It has already been noted that the responses to unilateral stimuli which result in movement or curvature are spoken of as tropisms or tropic movements and curvatures.

1960 J. M. Miller & F. P. Keen Biol. & Control Western Pine Beetle 38 Gordon..studied the tropisms of the beetle and stated: ‘The western pine beetle is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic.’

2008 L. R. Berg Botany (ed. 2) xi. 222/2 Tropisms are irreversible and are positive or negative, depending on whether the plant grows toward the stimulus..or away from it.

2. With reference to people: a natural or innate instinct, tendency, or impulse. Now more generally: a preference, an inclination.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > impulse or instinct

instinct1568

impulse1763

tropism1902

1902 G. S. Hall & J. E. W. Wallin in Pedagogical Seminary 9 505 Both myth and folk lore testify to the prevalence of this same tropism [of seeing animals and other forms in the shapes of clouds] among primitive peoples.

1913 A. J. Todd Primitive Family as Educ. Agency ii. 15 Neither did the family grow out of society, nor is society a mere extension of the family relation; but..both arose concurrently out of some primeval tropism.

1947 A. V. Goodman Amer. Overture vii. 124 Though over a long period some form of tropism has attracted Jews to metropolitan centers, Philadelphia..was the exception.

1979 New York 9 July 85/1 The book goes on too long and begins, toward the end, to..yield to the most common of novelists' tropisms—things are rounded off too much, tidied up.

2004 Jerusalem Rep. (Nexis) 14 June 47 How can people with an automatic tropism toward democracy, human rights, women's rights and open society ally themselves so easily with corrupt despotisms?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tropism
释义	tropismn. Brit. /ˈtrəʊpɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈtroʊˌpɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: -tropism comb. form. Etymology: < -tropism comb. form (compare discussion at that entry), in sense 1 after German Tropismus ( J. von Sachs Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie II (1893) 943 as Tropismen (plural), in the source reviewed in quot. 1893). Sense 2 apparently arose as an extended use in English. 1. Biology. Movement of an organism or part of an organism, esp. part of a plant, in a direction toward or away from an external stimulus; an instance of this. Compare earlier heliotropism n., geotropism n., hydrotropism n., etc.In plants, such movement typically results from differential growth or changes in the turgor of cells.Such movement in an organism capable of locomotion is usually called taxis. Movements that occur in response to an external stimulus but are not directional are called nasties (see nasty n.²). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > movement in response to stimuli > [noun] > turning tropism1893 klinokinesis1937 klinotaxis1940 1893 Nature 28 Sept. 514/1 The seventh section contains the papers on ‘tropisms’, i.e. the reactions of growing organs under the stimuli of gravitation, light, and moisture. 1899 C. B. Davenport Exper. Morphol. ii. 480 All cases of true tropism are cases of response to stimuli: such are chemotropism, hydrotropism, thigmotropism, traumatropism, rheotropism, geotropism, electrotropism, phototropism and thermotropism. 1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. xix. 427 It has already been noted that the responses to unilateral stimuli which result in movement or curvature are spoken of as tropisms or tropic movements and curvatures. 1960 J. M. Miller & F. P. Keen Biol. & Control Western Pine Beetle 38 Gordon..studied the tropisms of the beetle and stated: ‘The western pine beetle is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic.’ 2008 L. R. Berg Botany (ed. 2) xi. 222/2 Tropisms are irreversible and are positive or negative, depending on whether the plant grows toward the stimulus..or away from it. 2. With reference to people: a natural or innate instinct, tendency, or impulse. Now more generally: a preference, an inclination. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > impulse or instinct instinct1568 impulse1763 tropism1902 1902 G. S. Hall & J. E. W. Wallin in Pedagogical Seminary 9 505 Both myth and folk lore testify to the prevalence of this same tropism [of seeing animals and other forms in the shapes of clouds] among primitive peoples. 1913 A. J. Todd Primitive Family as Educ. Agency ii. 15 Neither did the family grow out of society, nor is society a mere extension of the family relation; but..both arose concurrently out of some primeval tropism. 1947 A. V. Goodman Amer. Overture vii. 124 Though over a long period some form of tropism has attracted Jews to metropolitan centers, Philadelphia..was the exception. 1979 New York 9 July 85/1 The book goes on too long and begins, toward the end, to..yield to the most common of novelists' tropisms—things are rounded off too much, tidied up. 2004 Jerusalem Rep. (Nexis) 14 June 47 How can people with an automatic tropism toward democracy, human rights, women's rights and open society ally themselves so easily with corrupt despotisms? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : -tropismcomb. form < n.1893 see also
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tropismn.

> see also