tribunaln.adj.

Brit.

/trʌɪˈbjuːn(ə)l/,

/trᵻˈbjuːn(ə)l/, U.S.

/traɪˈbjunəl/,

/trəˈbjunəl/

Forms: Also 1500s try-, 1500s–1600s -all.

Etymology: < Latin tribūnāl, tribūnāle, noun neuter, a tribunal, judgement seat, < tribūnus tribune n.¹: see -al suffix¹. Compare French tribunal (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), perhaps the immediate source; also Spanish tribunal, Portuguese tribunal, Italian tribunale. By Spenser stressed tribuˈnal as in French.

A. n.

1. Originally, A raised semicircular or square platform in a Roman basilica, on which the seats of the magistrates were placed; a dais; a raised throne or chair of state; a judgement seat (also figurative).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > seat of judgement

doom-settlec1000

doom-stoola1250

benchc1300

bink?a1400

bankc1450

judgement seat1526

tribunala1530

justice seat1548

pew1558

chair1629

cushion1656

banc1689

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxii We all shall stande before the tribunall of god.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. v. sig. Gg8 And crowne your heades with heauenly coronall, Such as the Angels were before Gods tribunall.

1642 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. iv. 429 Making 2 Tribunalles or seates for the judges at the last assizes.

1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. iii. vi. 416 They will be both read in the Day of Judgment, before the Tribunal of Jesus Christ.

1833 C. F. Crusé tr. Eusebius Eccl. Hist. (ed. 2) v. i. 170 Those around the tribunal cried out against him.

a. A court of justice; a judicial assembly.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun]

court1297

justicec1300

benchc1325

consistoryc1386

King's Courtc1400

open court?1456

justiciary1486

justry1489

seat1560

civil court1567

tribunal1590

judicatory1593

judicature1593

law-court1619

judiciary1623

jurisdiction1765

forum1848

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X2^v Painted faire..with picturals Of Magistrates, of courts, of tribunals.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 177 The Tribunals, or Courts of Iustice of England.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 326 When thou..Shalt..from thee send The..Arch-Angels to proclaime Thy dread Tribunal .

1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar in Wks. (1730) I. 82 I am forced to appeal to your impartial tribunal.

1833 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. II. x. 73 On the 14th October [1793], the Queen was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 574 The judgement of a competent tribunal is always worth something.

b. figurative. Place of judgement or decision; judicial authority.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > place of

barc1375

tribunal1635

forum1690

1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. xiii. 115 Go up my soule into the Tribunall of thy Conscience.

1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) III. Introd. p. xxiv The field of battle is a tribunal without partiality and cabal.

1817 J. Bentham Plan Parl. Reform Introd. 222 By the tribunal of public opinion it ought to be taken as and for confessional evidence.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. viii. 150 Our recognition of the community as final tribunal which decides whether anything shall be language or not.

c. Any of various local boards of officials empowered to settle disputes, esp. between an individual and a government department, to adjudicate on fair rents, exemption from military service, etc.; industrial tribunal, a board arbitrating in disputes arising out of employment, such as complaints of unfair dismissal. Also (in full tribunal of inquiry), a board set up by the government to investigate some matter of public concern.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > tribunal or board of assessors or adjudicators

tablea1572

tribunal1916

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > judicial inquiry

inquestc1290

assize1297

inquisition1387

questa1393

examinationc1410

judicial inquiry1702

tribunal1916

1916 Act 5 & 6 Geo. V c. 104 §2 An application may be made at any time before the appointed date to the Local Tribunal established under this Act..for a certificate of exemption from the provisions of this Act.

1921 (title of Act) Tribunals of inquiry (evidence) act.

1932 L. Golding Magnolia St. ii. iv. 321 The Baritone, at least, managed to convince tribunal after tribunal that it would be a mistake to put him into khaki.

1945 Daily Herald 20 Apr. 4/3 Unanimous proposals of the Committee are: The establishment of 198 rent tribunals for England and Wales.

1949 Britannica Bk. of Year 309/2 Public interest was focused upon the judicial tribunal set up, under the chairmanship of Mr. Justice Lynskey, to inquire into allegations of corrupt practices involving several ministers and public servants.

1962 L. Golding Dict. Local Govt. 158 A Committee..was set up to consider..the constitution and working of administrative tribunals, particularly those dealing with the compulsory purchase of land.

1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 657 The industrial tribunal may only recommend reinstatement.

1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 657 The tribunals may award..compensation.

1974 M. Meacher Scrounging on Welfare iii. 38 In 1971 the Supplementary Benefits Commission reported 153 cases to a Tribunal under Section 12/1.

†3. = tribune n.² 1, 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > apse > [noun]

tribunalc1660

apsid1670

apsis1706

tribunea1771

chevet1809

apse1845

conch1849

concha1869

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > display of pictures > [noun] > gallery > specific

Tribunac1660

tribune1670

tribunal1797

Met1946

MOMA1964

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 218 The..Churches of st. Cosmo, and Damiano..heretofore the Temples of Romulus, a pretty odd fabrique, with a Tribunal or Tholus within, wrought all of Mosaic.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 239 The Tribunal of the high Altar of exquisite worke.

1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 192 Placing Columns upon Pilasters, at the East Tribunal [of St. Paul's].

1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 319 The Tribunal, or Mezzo Cupola of Dominichino.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 300/2 The..Venus of Medici..stands in a room called the Tribunal [Tribuna].

B. adj.

1. Relating to, of the nature of, or authorized by a tribunal.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [adjective]

tribunala1555

forensical1566

aulic1596

aulical1602

forensala1638

forensic1647

forensivea1670

a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 471 A thing wherof I doute not to answer..before the trubual seat of Iesus Christ.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 35^v Or Rhamnusia in hir sait Tribunall.

1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 91 Affliction is the perfect way That leads to Joves tribunall dignity.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 49 A law to suffer a kind of tribunall adultery.

a1721 M. Prior Misc. Wks. (1740) II. 30 When we meet at God's tribunal throne.

†2. Of or relating to a tribune. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [adjective] > of or relating to leader > of the people

tribunal1577

tribunitive1856

society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [adjective] > tribune

tribunitian1533

tribunal1577

tribunitial1598

tribunary1612

tribunian1693

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ii. vi. 22 A signe being giuen from the tribunall seate.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 48/2 in Chron. I Narcissus went vp into the tribunal throne of Plautius, to declare y^e cause of his comming.

1670 Ld. North Narr. Passages Long Parl. in Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1748) I. 32 Persons..of a tribunal Spirit and Temper.

Derivatives

triˈbunalled adj. having or seated on a tribunal.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] > seated on tribunal

tribunalled1852

1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 32 Tribunalled judge, he weds the weaker cause, Holds sternly up as he lays down the laws.

† triˈbunalship n. Obsolete = tribuneship n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > tribune > office of

tribuneship1541

tribunate1546

tribunalship1654

1654 R. Codrington tr. Justinus Hist. xiii. 213 The chief Tribunalship of the Camp was given to Seleuchus.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tribunal
释义	tribunaln.adj. Brit. /trʌɪˈbjuːn(ə)l/, /trᵻˈbjuːn(ə)l/, U.S. /traɪˈbjunəl/, /trəˈbjunəl/ Forms: Also 1500s try-, 1500s–1600s -all. Etymology: < Latin tribūnāl, tribūnāle, noun neuter, a tribunal, judgement seat, < tribūnus tribune n.¹: see -al suffix¹. Compare French tribunal (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), perhaps the immediate source; also Spanish tribunal, Portuguese tribunal, Italian tribunale. By Spenser stressed tribuˈnal as in French. A. n. 1. Originally, A raised semicircular or square platform in a Roman basilica, on which the seats of the magistrates were placed; a dais; a raised throne or chair of state; a judgement seat (also figurative). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > seat of judgement doom-settlec1000 doom-stoola1250 benchc1300 bink?a1400 bankc1450 judgement seat1526 tribunala1530 justice seat1548 pew1558 chair1629 cushion1656 banc1689 a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxii We all shall stande before the tribunall of god. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. v. sig. Gg8 And crowne your heades with heauenly coronall, Such as the Angels were before Gods tribunall. 1642 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. iv. 429 Making 2 Tribunalles or seates for the judges at the last assizes. 1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. iii. vi. 416 They will be both read in the Day of Judgment, before the Tribunal of Jesus Christ. 1833 C. F. Crusé tr. Eusebius Eccl. Hist. (ed. 2) v. i. 170 Those around the tribunal cried out against him. 2. a. A court of justice; a judicial assembly. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] court1297 justicec1300 benchc1325 consistoryc1386 King's Courtc1400 open court?1456 justiciary1486 justry1489 seat1560 civil court1567 tribunal1590 judicatory1593 judicature1593 law-court1619 judiciary1623 jurisdiction1765 forum1848 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X2^v Painted faire..with picturals Of Magistrates, of courts, of tribunals. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 177 The Tribunals, or Courts of Iustice of England. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 326 When thou..Shalt..from thee send The..Arch-Angels to proclaime Thy dread Tribunal . View more context for this quotation 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar in Wks. (1730) I. 82 I am forced to appeal to your impartial tribunal. 1833 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. II. x. 73 On the 14th October [1793], the Queen was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 574 The judgement of a competent tribunal is always worth something. b. figurative. Place of judgement or decision; judicial authority. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > place of barc1375 tribunal1635 forum1690 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. xiii. 115 Go up my soule into the Tribunall of thy Conscience. 1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) III. Introd. p. xxiv The field of battle is a tribunal without partiality and cabal. 1817 J. Bentham Plan Parl. Reform Introd. 222 By the tribunal of public opinion it ought to be taken as and for confessional evidence. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. viii. 150 Our recognition of the community as final tribunal which decides whether anything shall be language or not. c. Any of various local boards of officials empowered to settle disputes, esp. between an individual and a government department, to adjudicate on fair rents, exemption from military service, etc.; industrial tribunal, a board arbitrating in disputes arising out of employment, such as complaints of unfair dismissal. Also (in full tribunal of inquiry), a board set up by the government to investigate some matter of public concern. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > tribunal or board of assessors or adjudicators tablea1572 tribunal1916 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > judicial inquiry inquestc1290 assize1297 inquisition1387 questa1393 examinationc1410 judicial inquiry1702 tribunal1916 1916 Act 5 & 6 Geo. V c. 104 §2 An application may be made at any time before the appointed date to the Local Tribunal established under this Act..for a certificate of exemption from the provisions of this Act. 1921 (title of Act) Tribunals of inquiry (evidence) act. 1932 L. Golding Magnolia St. ii. iv. 321 The Baritone, at least, managed to convince tribunal after tribunal that it would be a mistake to put him into khaki. 1945 Daily Herald 20 Apr. 4/3 Unanimous proposals of the Committee are: The establishment of 198 rent tribunals for England and Wales. 1949 Britannica Bk. of Year 309/2 Public interest was focused upon the judicial tribunal set up, under the chairmanship of Mr. Justice Lynskey, to inquire into allegations of corrupt practices involving several ministers and public servants. 1962 L. Golding Dict. Local Govt. 158 A Committee..was set up to consider..the constitution and working of administrative tribunals, particularly those dealing with the compulsory purchase of land. 1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 657 The industrial tribunal may only recommend reinstatement. 1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 657 The tribunals may award..compensation. 1974 M. Meacher Scrounging on Welfare iii. 38 In 1971 the Supplementary Benefits Commission reported 153 cases to a Tribunal under Section 12/1. †3. = tribune n.² 1, 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > apse > [noun] tribunalc1660 apsid1670 apsis1706 tribunea1771 chevet1809 apse1845 conch1849 concha1869 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > display of pictures > [noun] > gallery > specific Tribunac1660 tribune1670 tribunal1797 Met1946 MOMA1964 c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 218 The..Churches of st. Cosmo, and Damiano..heretofore the Temples of Romulus, a pretty odd fabrique, with a Tribunal or Tholus within, wrought all of Mosaic. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 239 The Tribunal of the high Altar of exquisite worke. 1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 192 Placing Columns upon Pilasters, at the East Tribunal [of St. Paul's]. 1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 319 The Tribunal, or Mezzo Cupola of Dominichino. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 300/2 The..Venus of Medici..stands in a room called the Tribunal [Tribuna]. B. adj. 1. Relating to, of the nature of, or authorized by a tribunal. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [adjective] tribunala1555 forensical1566 aulic1596 aulical1602 forensala1638 forensic1647 forensivea1670 a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 471 A thing wherof I doute not to answer..before the trubual seat of Iesus Christ. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 35^v Or Rhamnusia in hir sait Tribunall. 1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 91 Affliction is the perfect way That leads to Joves tribunall dignity. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 49 A law to suffer a kind of tribunall adultery. a1721 M. Prior Misc. Wks. (1740) II. 30 When we meet at God's tribunal throne. †2. Of or relating to a tribune. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [adjective] > of or relating to leader > of the people tribunal1577 tribunitive1856 society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [adjective] > tribune tribunitian1533 tribunal1577 tribunitial1598 tribunary1612 tribunian1693 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ii. vi. 22 A signe being giuen from the tribunall seate. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 48/2 in Chron. I Narcissus went vp into the tribunal throne of Plautius, to declare y^e cause of his comming. 1670 Ld. North Narr. Passages Long Parl. in Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1748) I. 32 Persons..of a tribunal Spirit and Temper. Derivatives triˈbunalled adj. having or seated on a tribunal. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] > seated on tribunal tribunalled1852 1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 32 Tribunalled judge, he weds the weaker cause, Holds sternly up as he lays down the laws. † triˈbunalship n. Obsolete = tribuneship n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > tribune > office of tribuneship1541 tribunate1546 tribunalship1654 1654 R. Codrington tr. Justinus Hist. xiii. 213 The chief Tribunalship of the Camp was given to Seleuchus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1530
随便看	distempered distemperedly distemperedness distemperer distemperground distempering distemperment distemperpainting distemperpiece distempers distemperure distempre distenant distenanted distend distended distendedly distender distenders distendible distending distends distensibilities distensibility distensible