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单词 tribe
释义

triben.

Brit. /trʌɪb/, U.S. /traɪb/
Forms: α. Middle English (plural) tribuz, Middle English–1500s tribu, (plural -us), Middle English trybu-s. β. Middle English–1500s trybe, (1600s Scottish tryb), Middle English– tribe.
Etymology: In earliest form, Middle English tribu, < Old French tribu, Spanish tribu, Portuguese tribu, Italian tribù, tribo, < Latin tribus (u-stem); but as the Old French has not been found in the singular before 14th cent. the Middle English tribuz of 1250 may directly represent Latin tribūs, plural. The later tribe may have been < Latin tribus on the usual pattern of derivatives < Latin nouns in -us.Latin tribus is usually explained < tri- three and the verbal root bhu, bu, fu to be. It is thought by some to be cognate with Welsh tref town or inhabited place. The earliest known application of tribus was to the three divisions of the early people of Rome (attributed by some to the separate Latin, Sabine, and Etruscan elements); thence it was transferred to render the Greek ϕῡλή, and so to the Greek application of the latter to the tribes of Israel. This, from its biblical use, was the earliest use in English, the original Roman use not appearing till the 16th cent.
1.
a. A group of people forming a community and claiming descent from a common ancestor; spec. each of the twelve divisions of the people of Israel, claiming descent from the twelve sons of Jacob. ten tribes, the tribes of Israel which revolted from the House of David, leaving only Judah and Benjamin to the kingdom of Judah. Their history after their deportation by Shalmaneser is lost, and they are often referred to as the lost tribes, whose identification in remote regions has been a matter of frequent speculation.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun]
mankinOE
tribea1325
rod1483
jati1838
phratry1876
α.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3813 Ðog he wenen ðat god sal taken Of ðo .xij. tribuz summe mo.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 173 The same preest schulde office to God..in her tribu or kinred as he dide bifore in the hous of Miche. And in this officicing the tribu of Dan contynued.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxxi. 253 Whan the .x lygnages or trybus departed fro the heyer of Salamon And helde them to Ieroboam.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiiv Shall syt in trones..and iudge the .xii. tribus of Israel.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Bi Wherfore ix partes of them, which they called Tribus, forsoke hym, and elected Hieroboaz..to be theyr kynge.
β. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 365 Þe trybe or kynrede of leuy.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 279 Of whom..The tribes [v.r. tribus] tuelve of Irahel Engendred were.1520 Chron. Eng. iii. f. 20v/2 The dukes were euer of the trybe of Iuda.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxvii. 67 He refused the tabernacle of Ioseph, and chose not the trybe of Ephraim.1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1540 An Ebrew, as I guess, and of our Tribe . View more context for this quotation1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 431 In Tribes and Nations to divide thy Train.1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 111 Where dwelt a Jewish Rabbi of his tribe.1863 J. A. Hessey in W. Smith Dict. Bible III. 1099/2 Samaria retained its dignity as the capital of the ten tribes... In B.C. 721, Samaria was taken,..and the kingdom of the ten tribes was put an end to.1866 W. Smith Smaller Dict. Bible 487/2 Since the deportation of the ten tribes by Shalmaneser.1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 315/1 A circumstance which led Bernier to speculate on the Kashmiris representing the lost tribes of Israel.
b. A particular race of recognized ancestry; a family.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun]
kinc825
strindc900
maegtheOE
i-cundeeOE
birdeOE
houseOE
kindOE
kindreda1225
bloodc1300
strainc1330
lineage?a1366
generationa1382
progenya1382
stock1382
nationc1395
tribec1400
ligneea1450
lifec1450
family1474
prosapy?a1475
parentage1490
stirpc1503
pedigree1532
racea1547
stem?c1550
breed1596
progenies1673
familia1842
uji1876
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) viii. 67 With his wyf Eue..he gatt Seth; of whiche tribe, þat is to seye, kynrede, Ihesu Crist was born.
1617 R. Winwood Let. 29 July in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 102 The howse of Austria for many yeares together interchangebly hath maried in their owne trybe.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Tribe, a kindred.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 23 And dwell Long time in peace by Families and Tribes Under paternal rule. View more context for this quotation
1719 I. Watts Jesus shall Reign (hymn) vii In Him the tribes of Adam boast More blessings than their father lost.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. vi. 48 To what tribe of Camerons do you belong?
2.
a. Roman History. One of the traditional three political divisions or patrician orders of ancient Rome in early times (see quot. 1842); (later) one of the 30 political divisions of the Roman people instituted by Servius Tullius, and in 241 b.c. increased to 35.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > part of > part of in ancient Greece or Rome
tribe1533
tower-fellowship1847
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. xvii. 96 Þe toun of rome was dividit..in sindri partis, and euery ane of þir partis war callit tribis, be thirllage of tribute þat þai aucht to pay to þe king..Þir tribus pertenit na thing to þe distribucioun and nowmer of centuries.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxij Themperor..abrogateth all the tribes, & restoreth the same state of the common weale.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. xliii. 31 b Having divided the citie into foure Wards, according to the quarters and hils; those parts which were inhabited, he [Servius Tullius] called Tribes, of the word Tribute (as I suppose).
1611 B. Jonson Catiline ii. sig. D3 I ha' bene writing all this night..vnto all the Tribes, And Centuries, for their voyces, to helpe Catiline, In his election. View more context for this quotation
1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 994/1 The three ancient Romulian tribes, the Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres,..to which the patricians alone belonged, must be distinguished from the thirty plebeian tribes of Servius Tullius.
1902 W. M. Ramsay in Expositor Jan. 25 Citizenship necessarily implied membership of one of the tribes of which the city was composed.
b. Ancient Greek History. Rendering the Greek ϕῡλή.
ΚΠ
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. ix. 47 Cecrops,..divided them [sc. the Athenians] into Four ϕυλαί, or Tribes; each Tribe, he subdivided into three Parts.
1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 990/2 In the earliest times of Greek history mention is made of people being divided into tribes and clans.
1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 991/2 Of the Dorian race there were originally three tribes.
1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 993/1 [At Athens] the Tribes or Phylae were divided..each into three ϕρατρίαι (a term equivalent to fraternities).
1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 993/2 Solon..abolished the old tribes, and created ten new ones, according to a geographical division of Attica.
c. Irish History. tribes of Galway: the families or communities of persons having the same surname.
ΚΠ
1834 Encycl. Brit. X. 306/1 After..1270, it [Galway] became the residence of a number of enterprising settlers... Of these settlers, the principal families, fourteen in number, are still known by the name of the Tribes of Galway... These families became so closely connected by intermarriages, that dispensations are frequently requisite for the canonical legality of marriages among them at present.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 10 Oct. 2/1 A day at least must be given to Galway—the ‘City of the Tribes’.
d. A division of some other nation or people.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > [noun] > a division of human society
worldc1384
tribe1693
section1832
the world > people > nations > [noun] > division of a nation
tribe1693
subnation1711
1693 N. Tate tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xv. 304 From straggling Mountainers, for Publick Good, To Rank in Tribes and quit the Salvage Wood.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 222 When man was multiplied and spread abroad In tribes and clans.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xlii. 554 The nation was divided into two powerful and hostile tribes.
e. A division of territory allotted to a family or company. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > district inhabited by a tribe
tribe1643
tribeship1840
tuath1873
stateship1917
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. iv. 158 Now they began to divide the Country [sc. Bermudas] into Tribes, and the Tribes into shares.
3. = race n.6 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > [noun] > under a headman or chief
tribe1600
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 109 For suffrance is the badge of all our Trybe . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 179 Good God, the soules of all my tribe defend From iealousie. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 357 Of one whose hand, Like the base Indian, threw a pearle away, Richer then all his Tribe . View more context for this quotation
1745 ? Randall Behold, Mountain of Lord (hymn) iv Him shall the tribes of earth obey, Him all the hosts of heaven.
1823 J. Marshall Writings upon Federal Constit. (1839) 273 Territory..occupied by numerous and warlike tribes of Indians.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. iv. 113 The Ionians were a Hellenic tribe, who took forcible possession of Attica and a part of Peloponnesus.
1836 W. Irving Astoria I. xiii. 214 Engaged in trading expeditions..among the tribes of the Missouri.
1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. iii. 65 The tribes themselves, and all subdivisions of them, are conceived by the men who compose them as descended from a single male ancestor.
1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. iii. 69 In some cases the Tribe can hardly be otherwise described than as the group of men subject to some one chieftain.
4.
a. A class of persons; a fraternity, set, lot. Now often contemptuous.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun]
ferec975
flockOE
gingc1175
rout?c1225
companyc1300
fellowshipc1300
covinc1330
eschelec1330
tripc1330
fellowred1340
choira1382
head1381
glub1382
partya1387
peoplec1390
conventc1426
an abominable of monksa1450
body1453
carol1483
band1490
compernagea1500
consorce1512
congregationa1530
corporationa1535
corpse1534
chore1572
society1572
crew1578
string1579
consort1584
troop1584
tribe1609
squadron1617
bunch1622
core1622
lag1624
studa1625
brigadea1649
platoon1711
cohort1719
lot1725
corps1754
loo1764
squad1786
brotherhood1820
companionhood1825
troupe1825
crowd1840
companionship1842
group1845
that ilk1845
set-out1854
layout1869
confraternity1872
show1901
crush1904
we1927
familia1933
shower1936
society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade > those belonging to
number1542
tribe1609
species1644
specifical1651
syntagma1813
status group1902
status grouping1920
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cvii. sig. G3 Ile liue in this poore rime, While he insults ore dull and speachlesse tribes . View more context for this quotation
a1684 Earl of Roscommon Prol. to Duke of York at Edinb. 2 Folly and vice are easy to describe, The common subjects of our scribbling tribe.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 529. ¶6 There is another Tribe of Persons who are Retainers to the Learned World... I mean the Players or Actors of both Sexes.
1719–20 J. Swift Let. to Young Gentleman (1721) 7 Professors in most Arts and Sciences, are generally the worst qualified to explain their Meanings to those who are not of their Tribe.
1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France ii, in Wks. (1808) VIII. 218 The tribe of vulgar politicians are the lowest of our species.
1843 J. Ruskin Arrows of Chace (1880) I. 18 Dr. Waagen is a most favourable specimen of the tribe of critics.
1850 J. H. Newman Lect. Diffic. Anglicans (1891) I. i. xii. 388 Perish sooner a whole tribe of Cranmers, Ridleys, Latimers, and Jewels!
b. tribe of Ben, a name applied to themselves by literary associates and disciples of Ben Jonson in his later life. (‘Sealed’ appears to refer to Revelation vii. 3–8.)
ΚΠ
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xlvii. (title) in Wks. (1640) III An Epistle answering to one that asked to be Sealed of the Tribe of Ben.
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lxv. 78 in Wks. (1640) III Now stand, and then Sir, you are Sealed of the Tribe of Ben.
1911 Sir A. W. Ward in Encycl. Brit. XV. 505/1 At the festive meetings where he ruled the roast among the younger authors whose pride it was to be ‘sealed of the tribe of Ben’.
c. A gang of criminals or delinquents. Also: (in later use) a group of hippies or drop-outs.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > gang
i-scolea1175
bend1477
gang1599
tribe1914
team1948
1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 85 Tribe, used principally by yeggs and begging bums, though current, too, amongst grafters who operate in cliques. A gang; a class.
1955 D. W. Maurer in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 83 In general, [pickpocketing] mobs are also known as tribes.
1968 Guardian 29 Apr. 7/5 The fifteen hundred ‘Tribes’ of San Francisco..beg their food and sleep where they can.
1973 R. C. Dennis Sweat of Fear vii. 44 A room with wall-to-wall mattresses. Sprawled about were a half-dozen members of the tribe.
5.
a. Natural History. A group in the classification of plants, animals, etc., usually forming a subdivision of an order, and containing a number of genera; sometimes used as superior and sometimes as inferior to a family; (also) loosely, any group or series of animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > tribe, sub-tribe, or sub-family
tribe1640
subfamily1805
stirps1863
1640 Parkinson (title) Theatrum Botanicum: the Theater of Plants..Distributed into sundry Classes or Tribes, for the more easie knowledge of the many Herbes [etc.].
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 279 O flours..Who now shall reare ye to the Sun, or ranke Your Tribes ..? View more context for this quotation
1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 2 in Anat. Plants We commonly say, Centaurium Majus & Minus, Chelidonium Majus & Minus,..which yet are distinct Species, and of very different Tribes.
1766 Compl. Farmer at Vegetable Vegetables, according to the analyses made of them by chemistry, are distinguishable into two grand tribes, the acid and the alkaline.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 256 This tribe of the cat kind with spotted skins and a long tail.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds v A tribe of birds whose habit is to unite in flocks.
1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. ix. §1. 326 Tribe has been for a generation or two..established in both kingdoms, as a grade inferior to order and superior to genus.
b. A class, group, kind, or sort of things.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class
kinc950
kindOE
distinction?c1225
rowc1300
spece1303
spice1303
fashionc1325
espicec1386
differencea1398
statec1450
sort?1523
notion1531
species1561
vein1568
brood1581
rank1585
order1588
race1590
breed1598
strain1612
batch1616
tap1623
siege1630
subdivision1646
notionality1651
category1660
denomination1664
footmark1666
genus1666
world1685
sortment1718
tribe1731
assortment1767
description1776
style1794
grouping1799
classification1803
subcategory1842
type1854
basket1916
1731 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 269 The slimy tribe of Snails and Worms.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §87 The whole tribe of chronical diseases.
1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. i. v. 136 Under it I include these three tribes; experience, analogy and testimony.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 514 The same tribe of medicines will generally be found useful in the third variety.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 678 It is..a member of the harrow tribe of implements.
6. A number or company of persons or animals; a ‘troop’; in plural, large numbers, ‘flocks’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered
weredc725
trumec893
thrumOE
wharfOE
flockOE
farec1275
lithc1275
ferd1297
companyc1300
flotec1300
routc1300
rowc1300
turbc1330
body1340
numberc1350
congregation1382
presencec1390
meiniec1400
storec1400
sum1400
manya1425
collegec1430
peoplec1449
schoola1450
turm1483
catervea1492
garrison?a1513
shoal1579
troop1584
bevy1604
roast1608
horde1613
gross1617
rhapsody1654
sortment1710
tribe1715
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude
sandc825
thousandc1000
un-i-rimeOE
legiona1325
fernc1325
multitudec1350
hundred1362
abundancec1384
quantityc1390
sight1390
felec1394
manyheada1400
lastc1405
sortc1475
infinityc1480
multiplie1488
numbers1488
power1489
many1525
flock1535
heapa1547
multitudine1547
sort1548
myriads1555
myriads1559
infinite1563
tot-quot1565
dickera1586
multiplea1595
troop1596
multitudes1598
myriad1611
sea-sands1656
plurality1657
a vast many1695
dozen1734
a good few1756
nation1762
vast1793
a wheen (of)1814
swad1828
lot1833
tribe1833
slew1839
such a many1841
right smart1842
a million and one1856
horde1860
a good several1865
sheaf1865
a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869
immense1872
dunnamuch1875
telephone number1880
umpty1905
dunnamany1906
skit1913
umpteen1919
zillion1922
gang1928
scrillion1935
jillion1942
900 number1977
gazillion1978
fuckload1984
1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 32 Then came the smallest Tribe I yet had seen, Plain was their Dress, and modest was their Mien.
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 209 The same tribe of whales were seen in the latitude of 78°.
1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) i There were tribes of children in most of the cottages.
1909 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 160/2 I could fancy her..writing lengthy epistles to a tribe of nieces.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
tribe-book n.
ΚΠ
1893 P. White Hist. Clare 12 He must have used..the tribe-books then in existence.
tribe-chief n.
ΚΠ
1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire v. 86 The first barbarian kings had been tribe-chiefs.
tribe-chieftainship n.
ΚΠ
1873 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (ed. 4) v. 441 The German kingdom..was then passing from primitive tribe-chieftainship into a feudal monarchy.
tribe-guest n.
tribe-land n.
ΚΠ
1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 248 The tribe-land, in early times, was probably divided into local districts corresponding with the Centuries of the tribe.
1899 S. Baring-Gould Bk. of West II. 102 The old tribeland or principality of Gallewick was reduced in the Middle Ages to a Manor.
tribe-league n.
ΚΠ
1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 51 The five or six great tribes or tribe-leagues which composed the German nation.
tribe-man n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun] > member of tribe
tribeswoman1853
tribe-man1859
tribesman1883
1859 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 90 If he suspect that it belongs to a fellow tribeman.
tribe-mark n.
ΚΠ
1884 W. Wright Empire of Hittites 129 The scratchy tribe-marks of the Bedawin.
tribe-name n.
ΚΠ
1886 C. R. Conder Syrian Stone-lore (1896) ix. 323 (note) The tribe-names of Arabia may be best explained by the early linguistic condition in which the abstract and the comparative were unknown.
tribe-territory n.
ΚΠ
1876 tr. Keil & Delitzsch's Ezekiel II. 384 Every tribe-territory shall stretch from the Jordan to the Mediterranean.
b.
tribe-invited adj.
ΚΠ
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. xiii. 17 A Tribe-invited Guest Carries his Cap and Slippers to a Feast.
tribe-like adj.
C2. Combinations with tribe's, as tribesman n.
tribesfolk n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun] > members of tribe
childrenc1175
tribesfolk1888
tribespeople1888
tribal1958
1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. viii. 222 There is no Beduwy so impious that will chide and bite at such, his own tribesfolk.
tribespeople n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun] > members of tribe
childrenc1175
tribesfolk1888
tribespeople1888
tribal1958
1888 in Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. (1889) Aug. 90 He sent me a list of a number of the tribespeople.
tribeswoman n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun] > member of tribe
tribeswoman1853
tribe-man1859
tribesman1883
1853 W. J. Hickie tr. Aristophanes Comedies II. 404 I come with water to the rescue of my fellow tribes-women being on fire.
1899 W. Canton in Expositor Feb. 130 There were tribeswomen who were hospitable enough to welcome the young mother.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tribev.

Etymology: < tribe n. Compare to class, to group.
rare.
transitive. To classify in tribes; also, to group or place in the same tribe with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [verb (transitive)] > place in a group
tribe1696
subclass1835
subtype1940
1696 W. Nicolson Eng. Hist. Libr. i. 19 Our Fowl, Fish, and Quadrupeds are well Trib'd by Mr. Willughby and Mr. Ray.
1838 [see tribed adj. at Derivatives].
1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 104 Her nature may with thine be tribed.

Derivatives

tribed adj. /traɪbd/ divided into tribes.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [adjective] > divided into tribes
tribed1838
1838 S. Bellamy Betrayal 65 Trib'd Decapolis Ye need not seek.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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