tribalismn.

1886 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 443 No national life, much less civilisation, was possible under the system of Celtic tribalism.

1893 G. Smith Ess. 176 National churches have lapsed into something very like tribalism in this respect [about war].

1898 Weekly Reg. 29 Oct. 561 Those who have set the maxims of Christ above those of narrow tribalism.

1955 Times 30 Aug. 9/7 If a stable parliamentary democracy is to be introduced one stable political party, avoiding if possible the extremes of tribalism and anti-tribalism, would seem necessary.

1969 Busara (Nairobi) 2 ii. 56 According to Reinhold Niebuhr, ‘the chief source of man's inhumanity to man seems to be the tribal limits of his sense of obligation to the other man’. In tribalism Niebuhr includes race, language, religion, class and culture as important traits.

1976 Drum (Johannesburg) (E. Afr. ed.) Apr. 3/1 Tribalism? Isn't it true that in some firms about 75 per cent of the employees come from one tribe—depending, of course, on which tribe the bosses come from.

1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1390/5 His call for a fusion or integration of cultures is one that commits him to the course of liberal tolerance, and sets him against closed systems of thought such as Marxism and tribalism.