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单词 tress
释义

tressn.

Brit. /trɛs/, U.S. /trɛs/
Forms: plural Middle English tressene, Middle English– tresses, (Middle English -is, trissis); singular Middle English–1500s tresse, (1500s Scottish tres), 1500s– tress. See also trace n.3
Etymology: < French tresse, in Old French tresce a plait or braid of hair (12th cent. in Littré, etc.) = Provençal tressa , treza , Italian treccia , beside the verb French tresser , Old French trecier , Italian trecciare ‘to plaite, to tie..vp in tresses, as womens haires are’ (Florio). In Scots and some English dialects this appears also in the forms trais(s and trace : see trace n.3, trace v.3 The Old French, Provençal, and Italian nouns point to a late Latin or Romanic tricia, trecia, which appears in medieval Latin: see Du Cange. For the derivation, Diez favours a form *trichea (or *trichia) < Greek τρίχα threefold, taking the primary sense to be ‘a triple plait’. Hatzfeld & Darmesteter take tresse as verbal noun from the verb tresser.
1.
a. A plait or braid of the hair of the head, usually of a woman: cf. trace n.3 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > tresses or plaits
tracec1380
plight?1387
tressa1400
plexc1450
braid1530
tuck1532
buoy-rope1546
trammels1589
entrammelling1598
border1601
point1604
pleat?1606
trammelets1654
maze1657
brede1696
queue1724
pigtail?1725
tie1725
cue1731
tuck-up1749
tutulus1753
club1786
tail1799
French twist1850
Grecian plait1851
French plait1871
horse's tail1873
Gretchen braid, plait1890
shimada1910
ponytail1916
French braid1937
cane row1939
dreadlocks1960
French pleat1964
Tom Jones1964
corn row1971
dread1984
club-pigtail-
a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 478 With both honden here yaulew here Out of the tresses sche hit tere.
a1400–50 Alexander 3450 Hire hede vn-helid was on hiȝe & hild all in trissis.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 191 Hir yelow heer was broyded in a tresse Bihynde hir bak a yerde long I gesse.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 502/1 Tresse, of heere, trica.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/2 Tresse of heer, tresse.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. 136 b Certain women, whereof one had her tresses crossed in such sort vpon her head, that they made the likenesse of two hearts bound together.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V5v Her yellow golden heare Was trimly wouen, and in tresses wrought.
1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Tresses, lockes of hayre broyded vp.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 314 Their Beautifull hair [was] divided into many tresses hanging on their shoulders.
1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. I. ii. 92 Their black hair..was bound in tresses around their heads.
1793 Ld. Macartney Jrnl. Embassy China 4 Aug. [Their hair] is platted in a tress, and falls down the back.
b. (By extension) A long lock of hair (esp. that of a woman), without any sense of its being plaited or braided; mostly in plural tresses. (The usual current sense.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > lock or locks > [noun]
lockeOE
forelockc1000
hair-lockc1000
earlockOE
foretopc1290
tressc1290
lachterc1375
fuke1483
sidelock1530
proudfallc1540
widow's locka1543
folding1552
fore-bush1591
flake1592
witch knot1598
tuft1603
French lock1614
head-lock1642
witch-lock1682
rat's tail1706
side-curl1749
scalp knot1805
rat-tail1823
straggler1825
scalping-tuft1826
scalp-lock1827
aggravator1835
soap-lock1840
payess1845
stringleta1852
list1859
tresslet1882
drake's tail1938
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 325/82 Heo drovȝ of hire tressene and caste a-wei.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame i. 230 A queynt array As she had ben an hunteresse With wynde blowynge vpon hir tresse.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 298 She was all discheuelee in her heer, and Taurus hir heilde be the tresses and drough hir after his horse.
1599 J. Weever Epigrammes sig. E6 Rose-checkt Adonis with his amber tresses.
1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Tresses, said of the Hair, when it hangs down in dishevell'd Locks.
1712 A. Pope tr. Ovid Sapho to Phaon in tr. Ovid Epist. (ed. 8) 11 Nor Braids of Gold the vary'd Tresses bind, That fly disorder'd with the wanton Wind.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. i. vi. 75 Her long dishevelled tresses hanging to the ground.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxvi. 47 What shall a weak tress do, when powers so mighty resist not?
c. transferred and figurative (and in figurative context). Applied to long leafy shoots or tendrils, rays of the sun, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > rays or waves
rayc1400
tress1423
radiation1570
hair1594
hair1606
irradiation1643
beam1664
light wave1871
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > tendril or twining shoot
tenaclec1500
tendril1538
clasp1577
clasper1577
winder1577
capreol1578
taglet1578
twine1579
string1585
trail1597
tress1605
nervelet1648
cirrus1708
clavicle1725
twister1799
bine1808
1423 Kingis Quair i In Aquary, Cinthia the clere Rynsid hir tressis.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 361 Some-times the Plane, somtimes the Vine they sheare, Choosing their fairest tresses.
1641 J. Trapp Theologia Theol. v. 205 The radiant tresses of the sun.
a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 145 My sonnes..will by the tresses snatch, The fittest time.
1810 T. L. Peacock Genius of Thames 65 The weeping willow droops to lave Its leafy tresses in the wave.
1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ii. 29 Luxuriant tresses of maiden-hair fern.
d. (Our) Lady's tresses: see lady's tresses n.
2. A flat plait or braid (of interwoven threads, fibres, hairs, rushes, straw, etc.) Cf. trace n.3 2, 3 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > [noun] > plaiting > that which is plaited
plaita1398
pleta1425
tressa1492
braid1530
pleat?1606
plat1609
brede1644
two-plait1882
a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. xxxvi. f. xxxviiiv/2 Saynt Anthonye made a tresse for to make a lytyll basket.
1542 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 82 Ane cott of variand taffatie with ane small walting tres of gold [cf. 1539, p. 32 trais of gold].
1550 in Accts. Ld. High Treasurer Scotl. (1911) IX. 455 Item, xvj elnis tressis put on the saittis of the saidis chiris.
3. Heraldry. = tressure n. 2. Cf. trace n.1 10. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > less honourable charge > border near edge of shield > diminutives of
tressurea1440
trace1486
tract1486
fillet1572
tress1577
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 358/2 in Chron. I They beare in their armes the Lion and Lillyes, wyth the tresse in fourme and fashion as the King of Scotlande beareth hys.

Compounds

General attributive.
tress-lifting adj.
ΚΠ
1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 15 Down through tress-lifting waves the Nereids fair Wind into Thetis' bower.
tress-like adj.
ΚΠ
1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs xv. 277 Th'orphane..Whose tresse-like haire, and eyes still dropping pearle.
1845 J. Kitto Cycl. Biblical Lit. I. at Babylon It bears spreading and ever-green branches,..adorned with long tress-like tendrils.
tress-shorn adj.
ΚΠ
1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses viii. 234 And matrons Eveninan, tresses-shorn.
tress-topped adj.
ΚΠ
1871 R. Browning Balaustion 81 Past the pines Tress-topped.

Derivatives

ˈtressful adj. full of or fully furnished with tresses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > lock or locks > [adjective]
tressedc1374
locky1468
tressful1606
tressy1614
flaky1803
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 61 Pharao's faire daughter..Was queintly dressing of her Tress-full head Which round about her to the ground did spred.
ˈtressless adj. having no tresses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > lock or locks > [adjective] > having no
tressless1865
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. iii. 72 The Bernburg Officers, tragically tressless in their hats.
ˈtresslet n. a little tress.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > lock or locks > [noun]
lockeOE
forelockc1000
hair-lockc1000
earlockOE
foretopc1290
tressc1290
lachterc1375
fuke1483
sidelock1530
proudfallc1540
widow's locka1543
folding1552
fore-bush1591
flake1592
witch knot1598
tuft1603
French lock1614
head-lock1642
witch-lock1682
rat's tail1706
side-curl1749
scalp knot1805
rat-tail1823
straggler1825
scalping-tuft1826
scalp-lock1827
aggravator1835
soap-lock1840
payess1845
stringleta1852
list1859
tresslet1882
drake's tail1938
1882 J. Walker Sc. Poems 136 A glossy tresslet of her lint-white hair.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tressv.

Forms: Also Middle English tresce.
Etymology: Middle English < French tresser , Old French trecier (12th cent. in Littré) = Provençal tressar , trezar , Italian trecciare to arrange in a tress, braid, plait; goes with tress n.The Old French form trecier indicates a late Latin type *triciāre , < tricia , trecia (or *trichia ): see tress n.
Now rare except in past participle.
1.
a. transitive. To arrange (hair) in tresses.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > braid
tress?a1366
browd1386
broidc1405
braid1530
border1585
entrammel1598
snake1653
queue1754
cue1774
club1779
trace1832
weave1884
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 569 And with a riche golde treasour Her hedde was tressed queintly.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 255 And hou hir yelwe her was tresced And hire atire so wel adresced.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 502/1 Tressyn heere, trico.
1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood ii. iv. 78 The Sicambrians were observed by their yellow haire, tressed and knit in cordons.
1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 29 The hair was worn long and tressed behind with a cord.
1867 Morning Star 19 Sept. Neither sex wears any covering on the head, preferring to tress..that with which nature has provided them.
b. To arrange or dispose (threads, etc.) in braids.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > make lace
braid1393
turn1846
tress1904
1862 [see tressing n. at Derivatives].
1904 Westm. Gaz. 24 May 1/3 The tiny fingers threw the bobbins swiftly from side to side, moved the pins on the pricked paper pattern, tressed the lace that had to be finished before eventide.
2. intransitive. Of the hair: To fall in tresses; to admit of being arranged in tresses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > lock or locks > [verb (intransitive)]
tress1867
1867 Morning Star 19 Sept. The hair of the Abyssinians is..sufficiently long to tress well.

Derivatives

ˈtressing n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > [noun] > binding or tressing
tressingc1425
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > lacemaking > processes involved in
running1817
pricking1851
tressing1862
shadow-stitch1882
c1425 St. Mary of Oignies i. i, in Anglia VIII. 135/34 Tressynge & tiftynge of here.
1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 4542 Skilful tressing, and most careful workmanship and finish, in which the exhibitor endeavoured not to be surpassed by any of his fellow competitors.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

> see also

also refers to : -tresssuffix
<
n.c1290v.?a1366
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