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单词 tray
释义

trayn.1

Forms: Old English trega, Middle English treȝe, Middle English treiȝe, Middle English treie, Middle English trei, treye, trai, traie, Middle English trey, tray, Middle English trye, Middle English–1500s traye, 1500s Scottish tra.
Etymology: Old English trega (weak masculine) trouble, pain = Old Norse tregi (weak masculine), Gothic trigô (weak feminine) < Old Germanic *treg-on- , -ôn- , < *treg- : see tray v.1
Obsolete.
Pain, grief, affliction, trouble, vexation; esp. in alliterative phrase tray and teen, teen and tray.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]
sorec888
teeneOE
sorrowOE
workOE
wrakeOE
careOE
gramec1000
harmOE
howc1000
trayOE
woweOE
angec1175
derfnessc1175
sytec1175
unwinc1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
derf?c1225
grief?c1225
misease?c1225
misliking?c1225
ofthinkingc1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
pinec1275
distress1297
grievancea1300
penancea1300
cumbermentc1300
languorc1300
cumbering1303
were1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
woea1325
painc1330
tribulationc1330
illa1340
threst1340
constraintc1374
troublenessc1380
afflictiona1382
bruisinga1382
miseasetya1382
pressurec1384
exercisec1386
miscomfortc1390
mislikea1400
smarta1400
thronga1400
balec1400
painfulnessc1400
troublancec1400
smartness?c1425
painliness1435
perplexity?a1439
penalty?1462
calamity1490
penality1496
cumber?a1513
sussy1513
tribule1513
afflict?1529
vexation of spirit1535
troublesomeness1561
hoe1567
grievedness1571
tribulance1575
languishment1576
thrall1578
tine1590
languorment1593
aggrievedness1594
obturbation1623
afflictedness1646
erumny1657
pathos1684
shock1705
dree1791
vex1815
wrungnessa1875
dukkha1886
thinkache1892
sufferation1976
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]
sorec825
acheeOE
wrakeOE
trayOE
woe?a1200
pinec1200
sorrowc1225
teenc1225
grievousness1303
dolec1320
balea1325
painc1330
warkingc1340
dolour?c1370
sufferance1422
offencea1425
angerc1440
sufferingc1450
penalty?1462
penality1496
grief1509
stress1533
sufferance1597
somatalgia1607
suffering1609
tort1632
miserya1825
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction
teeneOE
harmOE
sourc1000
trayOE
angec1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
misease?c1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
sorenessc1275
grievancea1300
cumbermentc1300
cumbering1303
thro1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
encumbrancec1330
tribulationc1330
threst1340
mischiefa1375
pressc1375
unhend1377
miseasetya1382
angernessc1390
molestc1390
troublancec1400
notea1425
miseasenessc1450
cumber?a1513
tribule1513
unseasonableness?1523
troublesomeness1561
tribulance1575
tine1590
trials and tribulations1591
pressure1648
difficulty1667
hell to pay1758
dree1791
trial and tribulation1792
Queer Street1811
Sturm und Drang1857
a thin time1924
shit1929
crap1932
shtook1936
the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray
trayOE
chargerc1305
service plate1548
venison dish1567
venison plate1567
fruit-trencher1642
salver1661
server1677
voider1677
waiting salver1714
tureen1727
waiter1738
waiting board1770
plateau1790
traylet1825
breakfast-traya1865
cheese board1916
thali1969
charger1984
OE Genesis 2276 Ic fleah wean,..tregan and teonan.
OE Boeth. Metr. v. 42 Forðæm þa twegen tregan teoð tosomne.
OE Rule St. Benet (Logeman) iv. 20/10 Tregan debemus, gedonne dæde geþyldelice ah forþyldian.
a1200 Moral Ode 371 Þer is blisse abuten treȝe [v.r. treiȝe].
a1240 Ureisun 61 in Cott. Hom. 193 Muruhðe moniuold wið -ute teone and treie.
1357 Lay Folks Catech. 26 With-outen travaile or trey [v.r. tray] or passyng of tyme.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 112 Tene and tray of tormentoures.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages Prol. sig. A.ij Sum gettis plesure, vthers gettis tray and tene.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

trayn.2

Brit. /treɪ/, U.S. /treɪ/
Forms: Old English * trieg, trig, Middle English–1600s trey, (plural Middle English treyes), 1500s treie, traie, (1600s trea), Middle English– tray (plural Middle English -es, Middle English– -s).
Etymology: Old English *trieg , tríg = Old Norse *trøy , Old Swedish (Dalecarl.) trø̄ a corn-measure of definite capacity < Old Germanic *traujom . For the form-history compare hay n.1, formerly (3–7) hey , Old English híg , Old Norse *høy , hey , Old Swedish hø̄ < Old Germanic *haujom . The base trau- is in ablaut-relation with treu- , whence Gothic triu , Old English treow tree n., so that the primary sense may have been ‘wooden (vessel)’. It is remarkable that the word should appear so rarely in Old English and should be so common later. See on the etymology Holthausen Indog. Forsch. XIX. 294, E. Lidén Indog. Forsch. XVIII. 413.
1.
a.
(a) A utensil of the form of a flat board with a raised rim, or of a shallow box without a lid, made of wood, metal, or other material, of various sizes and shapes (round, oval, quadrilateral with rounded corners, etc.); now used for carrying plates, dishes, cups and other vessels, cards, etc., for containing and exhibiting small articles, as jewellery, natural history specimens, etc., and for various other purposes, as in mining, photography, chemistry, or other arts and sciences. (Often with defining word expressing its purpose, as bread-tray, card-tray, tea-tray, etc.: see these words.) Formerly more widely applied to shallow open vessels generally. In 13–14th centuries, apparently also, as in Old Swedish, name of a measure of capacity.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > tray
tray10..
board?c1475
trug1599
losseta1650
backet1756
10.. Lǽceboc in Sax. Leechd. II. 340 Nim þæt reade ryden, do on trig, hæt þonne stanas swiþe hate, lege on þæt trig innan.
1270 in Sel. Cas. Law Merchant (Selden Soc.) I. 7 Detinuerunt ei quinque marcas et quinque solidos..pro xj. treys [h]ordei sibi venditis.
13.. Coer de L. 1490 Bye us vessel gret plente, Dysschys, cuppys, and sawsers, Bolles, treyes, and platers.
1317 in Sel. Cas. Law Merchant (Selden Soc.) I. 105 Cum simul emissent xx. treys carbonis maris.
1374 Acc. John de Sleford (Acc. Exch. K.R. P. R. O. 397/10) Pro iiij trays de ligno precii pecie .iij. d.
c1475–1500 Inventory in J. Noake Monastery & Cathedral Worcester (1866) 173 In duobus vasis de navo factis, vocatis trayes.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxix. f. xxv And. Cophyns or Treys full of Erth he bare away vpon his shulders.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Cviij They..haue theyr meate in great disshes, or treys of copper.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 94 Of a..healthy stocke of Hornets..they haue gathered three or foure Treyes or baskets full of Combes.
1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xl. §434 Other things..for the kitchings vse are..an yron grate or gridyron, a pot hauing feet,..a wathing or hurdle, or a tray, a paire of tongs, [etc.].
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland 93 A kind of trey made of birch.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) vi. 54 Sambo came into the room..with..a note on a tray.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 893/1 Thomson Battery (Electricity), a modification of Menotti's battery, in which a copper tray replaces the copper plate, and contains the sulphate of copper crystals, and the superstratum of wet sawdust upon which rests the zinc element.
1885 R. Buchanan Annan Water vii He soon returned carrying the tray, with teapot, cups, and saucers, [etc.].
(b) spec. a tray of food brought to one not able or not wishing to eat at table; hence (loosely), a light snack.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks
nuncheonc1260
morsela1382
refection?a1439
mixtumc1490
bever1500
banquet1509
collation1525
snatch1570
beverage1577
a little something1577
anders-meat1598
four-hours1637
watering1637
refreshment1639
snap1642
luncheona1652
crib1652
prandicle1656
munchin1657
baita1661
unch1663
afternooning1678
whet1688
nacket1694
merenda1740
rinfresco1745
bagging?1746
snack1757
coffee1774
second breakfast1775
nummit1777
stay-stomach1800
damper1804
eleven o'clock1805
noonshine1808
by-bit1819
morning1819
four1823
four o'clock1825
lunch1829
stay-bit1833
picnic meal1839
elevens1849
Tommy1864
picnic tea1869
dinnerette1872
merienda1880
elevenses1887
light bite1887
soldier's supper1893
mug-up1902
tray1914
café complet1933
nosha1941
namkeen1942
snax1947
snackette1952
chaat1954
ploughman's lunch1957
munchie1959
playlunch1960
short-eat1962
lite bite1965
munchie1971
ploughman1975
aperitivo2002
1914 L. Woolf Wise Virgins xiv. 296 I'll ask them to bring you up a tray. What would you like? A little beef-tea and fish—or chicken?
1939 E. F. Benson Trouble for Lucia ix. 199 My maid would bring me a tray instead of dinner.
1951 L. Hellman Autumn Garden ii. ii. 88 You have had no dinner? I have made a tray for you.
1982 J. S. Borthwick Case of Hook-Billed Kites (1983) xxiv. 72 Mrs. Brent and Miss Fellows had had trays in their room.
b. In other uses: (a) A mason's hod or vessel for mortar (obsolete); (b) A butcher's tray: see quot. 1665; (c) A pig's trough.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > masons' and bricklayers' tools > for carrying mortar
tray1350
hod1573
mortarboard1882
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > feeding pigs > pig's trough
stugc1440
hog trough1510
tray1714
1350–1 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/492/27) Pro vj trayes emptis pro mortero imponendo iij s.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 15v A lath hamer, trowell, a hod, or a tray.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie T 303 A Trey [1580 Treie] or such holow vessel..that laborers carie morter in to serue tilars, or plasterers.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Oiseau,..also, a Hodd; the Tray wherein Masons, &c., carrie their Mortar.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xlvi. 197 Those hollow Trayes, in which Butchers carry meat.
1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week v. 65 No more her care shall fill the hollow tray, To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey.
c. Ordnance. See quot. 1909.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > breech > other parts of breech
base1626
bridge pin1686
breech-pin1727
finger-piece1767
tang1805
hut1848
breech-lever1862
breech-screw1862
plunger1866
shoe1866
breech-block1881
breech-plug1881
console1882
crossbar1884
obturator1891
tray1909
1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tray,..5. Ordnance, a flat or curved piece of metal used to hold ammunition or any part of the mechanism of a gun; specif., in heavy cannon, a brass or steel part (called also plugtray) of the breech mechanism hinged on the rear.
d. = sandbox n. 2e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > cattery or cat-house > sand-box
sand-tray1893
tray1938
sandbox1967
1938 F. MacCunn Cats ii. 33 The tray, or pan, should have a low side all round it; put it in a dark corner—not close to the cat's bed.
1948 P. M. Soderberg Cat Breeding 178 Once the use of the tray has been taught in the house it is an excellent plan to encourage the kitten to go outdoors.
1969 ‘A. Gilbert’ Missing from Home vii. 103 You really can't have a cat in the flat, there's no outlet, and I think..a tray is unhygienic. I don't care how often it's changed.
e. Australian. The part of a truck on which goods are carried.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > truck or lorry > part on which goods are carried
tray1960
1960 ‘N. Shute’ Trustee from Toolroom v. 100 The semi-trailer stood by the aircraft with the sausage-like component on the tray swathed in hessian.
1980 P. Davis Australians on Road xiv. 125/2 Ford management conceived the idea of producing a vehicle which could be said to be an essential part of farm equipment, yet was still comfortable enough for the farmer to take his wife out for an evening in town. The result was a passenger-type cab, married to an enclosed load tray; it was called the coupé utility, later corrupted to ‘ute’.
2. dialect. A hurdle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hurdle
hurdlec725
flakec1330
grater1598
wattle1640
bara1642
tray1829
slat1883
flake-hurdle1890
1829 H. D. Best Personal & Lit. Mem. 256 The hurdles or trays as we [in Lincolnshire] call them, in which the sheep are to be penned.
1832 Stamford Mercury 27 Jan. 2/5 4 dozen of fence trays.
1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 402 The field..should be partitioned by ‘trays’ (or hurdles).
3. Part of the life-guard used on tram-cars and similar vehicles, a flat grid on which obstructions are picked up.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of 3d
quarter-shilling1561
threepence1589
trip1600
threepenny piece1691
thrip1699
thrums1699
thruppence1895
trey-bit1898
trey1907
tray1910
trizzie1920
Joey1936
trey-point-
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > tramcar > part of
tray1910
running-board1917
1910 Board of Trade Mem., Tramways Public Roads. Apr. 4c The tray of the guard should be provided with a spring so as to hold the front edge down to the surface of the roadway when the tray is dropped.
1913 E. T. Ruthven-Murray Let. If the car strikes anything on the track, the gate is pushed backwards and releases a ‘trigger’ (a catch sustaining the tray) which allows the tray to fall so that it slides along on the road and scoops up the obstruction.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
tray-board n.
ΚΠ
1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 42 The tray-board should be five-eighths of an inch.
tray coffin n.
ΚΠ
1897 Westm. Gaz. 25 Jan. 2/1 The poor fellow was borne to his rest on the shoulders of his friends, in a shallow, open tray-coffin, the dead young face lying among flowers.
tray-load n.
ΚΠ
1908 H. Wales Old Allegiance (ed. 2) i. 13 When the servant had disappeared with the last tray-load [of supper things].
tray-man n.
tray-monger n.
ΚΠ
1764 Poll Knts. of Shire Chelmsford 13th & 14th Dec. 1763 Robert Dolphin Traymonger.
b.
tray-like adj.
ΚΠ
1906 R. Whiteing Ring in New 115 A small cabinet of tray-like drawers.
C2.
tray-battery n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > other types of battery
alkaline battery1874
tray-batterya1884
filament battery1919
nickel–iron1920
nuclear battery1955
rechargeable1960
alkaline1980
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 902/2 Tray Battery (Electricity), one in which the tray forms one of the elements of the combination.
tray-buggy n. U.S. a buggy having a flat tray-like body.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > light carriage > buggy
buggy1758
tray-buggy1890
hug-me-tight1901
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right II. xviii. 144 A quiet horse and light tray buggy.
tray cell n. a battery in which the sulphate of copper crystals are contained in a copper-lined or copper tray.
ΚΠ
1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 94/1 The tray cell of Sir William Thomson, which consists of a large wooden tray lined with lead, the bottom of which is covered with copper by electrotyping.
tray-cloth n. a cloth or napkin placed upon a tray on which dishes, etc. are carried.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > table linen > [noun] > others
table napkin1564
tea-cosy1863
tray-cloth1889
egg-cosy1894
shower1931
1889 Cent. Dict. Tray-cloth.
c1909 D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) iii. 59 Beatrice Wyld sits in the armchair, and Nellie Lambert on the sofa, the latter doing drawn-thread work on a white tray-cloth.
1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 Dec. 5/2 The very best cups and saucers..were set on a hemstitched linen traycloth in a large, round wicker tray.
tray-galley n. in printing, a tray to which the type is transferred from the composing-stick.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > galley
galley1652
slice-galley1875
tray-galley1896
page galley1918
1896 T. L. De Vinne in Moxon's Mech. Exerc.: Printing (new ed.) II. 407 The long tray-galley of wood.
tray lunch n. (also tray luncheon) lunch served on a tray; a light lunch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > midday meal or lunch
noonmeatOE
noona1225
midday meala1425
noon meal?c1460
Sunday dinner1602
nooning1649
luncheona1652
noon dinner1656
nummit1777
tiffin1800
sandwich lunch1828
lunch1829
twelve hours1844
free lunch1848
midday dinner1852
Sunday lunch1854
nooning-meal1865
Mittagessen1876
business lunch1880
tray lunch1936
pub lunch1954
working lunch1954
liquid lunch1970
three-martini lunch1972
1936 P. Bottome Level Crossing xvi. 193 After what Nelly called a ‘tray luncheon’, she suggested showing Deidre the house.
1970 V. Canning Great Affair iv. 58 The steward..served our tray lunches.
traymobile n. [-mobile suffix] Australian and New Zealand a small wheeled table or stand on which food, etc., may be transported; a tea-trolley.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > tray, tray-stand, or trolley table
tea-tray1773
lay-board1790
web stand1837
lap-board1840
tray top1934
traymobile1948
1948 V. Palmer Golconda xx. 169 Her attention was on the traymobile the girl had wheeled in beside her. She began to pour out the tea.
1965 G. McInnes Road to Gundagai v. 79 Against the vacant wall is the ‘dumb waiter’ or ‘traymobile’ on which food and crockery come in from the kitchen.
tray-sheet n. a sheet of sheet-iron to be made into a tray.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > sheet iron > other types of sheet iron
black sheet1850
tray-sheet1891
1891 Daily News 9 Nov. 2/6 Tray sheets for stamping purposes.
tray stand n. a small table on which to rest a tray.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > small table
roundel1503
stand1582
night table1730
monopodium1807
teapoy1828
tray stand1844
nightstanda1852
guéridon1853
kettle-stand1881
tabouret1916
1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. 241 A tray-stand..formed of two frames and girth to fold up.
1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 15 Sept. 311 Cairo Tray Stand.
tray supper n. supper served on a tray; a light supper.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > evening meal or supper
supperc1300
collationc1305
mid-dinnera1500
Sunday suppera1580
supper1598
evening meal1620
late dinner1649
ordinary suppera1661
petit souper1751
souper1787
ball supper1794
tray supper1825
kitchen supper1837
bump supper1845
evenmeat1848
tea-dinner1862
luncheon1903
1825 H. Wilson Mem. I. 43 Amy gave us merely a tray-supper, in one corner of the drawing-room.
1933 H. Edwards All Night at Mr. Stanyhurst's 23 Me and you were going to the play, and coming home to a tray supper.
1962 M. Carleton Dread Sunset (1963) ii. 36 Her own tray suppers looked deceptively simple.
tray top n. (a) a rimmed table top which can be removed and used separately as a tray; (b) Australian a truck with a pick-up body.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > tray, tray-stand, or trolley table
tea-tray1773
lay-board1790
web stand1837
lap-board1840
tray top1934
traymobile1948
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > truck or lorry > with specific type of body
platform truck1868
stake-body truck1907
stake-truck1907
panel truck1910
tray top1934
cab-forward1936
cab-over1943
panel van1948
tipper1950
straight job1955
stake1968
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tray-top table.
1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 144/1 Occasional table with removable tray top.
1969 Northern Territory News (Darwin) (Focus '69 Suppl.) 97/3 It is a relief for the semi or tray top crews when they reach Alice—and the bitumen of the Stuart Highway.
1979 Truck & Bus Transportation (N.S.W.) Sept. 46/1 The general cartage fleet comprises..three Albions with tray~top bodies.

Derivatives

ˈtraylet n. a diminutive tray.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray
trayOE
chargerc1305
service plate1548
venison dish1567
venison plate1567
fruit-trencher1642
salver1661
server1677
voider1677
waiting salver1714
tureen1727
waiter1738
waiting board1770
plateau1790
traylet1825
breakfast-traya1865
cheese board1916
thali1969
charger1984
1825 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 17 222 A small napkin-covered traylet, containing a cold sheep's head.

Draft additions June 2013

tray bake n. a cake or other confection baked in a (usually square or rectangular) tray and then cut into individual pieces.
ΚΠ
1980 Housecraft Oct. 236/3 A host of others [sc. recipes] for gateaux, puddings,..biscuits, traybakes and drinks.
1998 Farmer's Weekly (Nexis) 17 Apr. 3 Never bake a tray-bake at too high a temperature or for too long a period.
2005 H. Biller et al. 101 Fuss-free Bakes 101 You can't have recipes for tray bakes and not include brownies.

Draft additions 1993

A drawer in which a body is stored within a refrigerated cabinet or chamber at a mortuary. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > [noun] > mortuary > drawer for storing body
tray1964
1964 ‘J. Melville’ Murderers' Houses xiii. 171 Velia lay still on her refrigerated tray.
1984 S. Shagan Discovery (1985) x. 79 Two white-clad attendants rolled a low-slung metal stretcher over and gently lifted Laura's body onto the tray.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

trayn.3

Etymology: apparently < tray v.2
Obsolete. rare.
Deceit, stratagem, ambush, trick.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception
wrenchc888
swikec893
braida1000
craftOE
wile1154
crookc1175
trokingc1175
guile?c1225
hocket1276
blink1303
errorc1320
guileryc1330
sleightc1340
knackc1369
deceitc1380
japec1380
gaudc1386
syllogism1387
mazec1390
mowa1393
train?a1400
trantc1400
abusionc1405
creekc1405
trickc1412
trayc1430
lirtc1440
quaint?a1450
touch1481
pawka1522
false point?1528
practice1533
crink1534
flim-flamc1538
bobc1540
fetcha1547
abuse1551
block1553
wrinklec1555
far-fetch?a1562
blirre1570
slampant1577
ruse1581
forgery1582
crank1588
plait1589
crossbite1591
cozenage1592
lock1598
quiblin1605
foist1607
junt1608
firk1611
overreach?1615
fob1622
ludification1623
knick-knacka1625
flam1632
dodge1638
gimcrack1639
fourbe1654
juggle1664
strategy1672
jilt1683
disingenuity1691
fun1699
jugglementa1708
spring1753
shavie1767
rig?1775
deception1794
Yorkshire bite1795
fakement1811
fake1829
practical1833
deceptivity1843
tread-behind1844
fly1861
schlenter1864
Sinonism1864
racket1869
have1885
ficelle1890
wheeze1903
fast one1912
roughie1914
spun-yarn trick1916
fastie1931
phoney baloney1933
fake-out1955
okey-doke1964
mind-fuck1971
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 7150 That we wer homward, I you pray, For euer I drede me of som fals tray.
c1440 York Myst. xxix. 60 Oure knyghtis þai are furth wente To take hym with a traye.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

trayn.4

Forms: Also trez.
Etymology: The same word as trey n. three, in dice, cards, etc.; re-spelt after bay n.9 Believed to go back in oral use to 18th cent. at least.
Hunting.
The third branch of a stag's horn. Also tray antler, tray tine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > third or uppermost
surroyala1400
susreala1425
top1486
tray1812
1812 Ld. Graves Let. to Ld. Ebrington Stag-hunting Establishm. Devon 2 June (1814) 14 His brow, bay, and tray antlers are termed his Rights.
1838 W. Scrope Art Deer-stalking 2,3 The stag's brow, bay and tray antlers are called his rights... A warrantable stag has brow, bay and tray, and two points on the tops of both horns. Note. I have taken my nomenclature from the Devonshire Hunt, as the best authority. It has been founded considerably above a century.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies ii. 62 You may know..what his rights mean, if he has them, brow, bay, tray, and points.
1884 R. Jefferies Red Deer iv Close to the head a point springs from the beam and is curved upwards; this is called the brow point. Just over it a second starts,..this is called the bay. There is then an interval, till some way up the beam, or main stem, a third—the tray—appears.
1893 R. Lydekker Horns & Hoofs 269 The third the trez, tray, or royal tine.
1893 R. Lydekker Horns & Hoofs 320 [The elk's] antlers.. rise from the sides of the skull by a narrow beam..without either brow, bez, or trez-tine.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

trayv.1

Forms: Old English tregian, Middle English treȝe; past tense Middle English traied, Middle English traid; past participle Middle English treyde, Middle English trayed.
Etymology: Old English tregian (weak), = Old Saxon tregan (strong verb) to rue, Old Norse trega (strong) to grieve < Old Germanic *treg- : compare tray n.1
Obsolete.
transitive. To pain, grieve, trouble, vex, afflict.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict
overharryeOE
aileOE
swencheOE
besetOE
traya1000
teenOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
derve?c1225
grieve1297
harrya1300
noyc1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
wrath14..
aggrievea1325
annoya1325
tribula1325
to hold wakenc1330
anguish1340
distrainc1374
wrap1380
strain1382
ermec1386
afflicta1393
cumbera1400
assayc1400
distressc1400
temptc1400
encumber1413
labour1437
infortune?a1439
stressa1450
trouble1489
arraya1500
constraina1500
attempt1525
misease1530
exercise1531
to hold or keep waking1533
try1539
to wring to the worse1542
pinch1548
affligec1550
trounce1551
oppress1555
inflict1566
overharl1570
strait1579
to make a martyr of1599
straiten1611
tribulatea1637
to put through the hoop(s)1919
snooter1923
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
a1000 Eadwine's Cant. Psalter iii. 1 Drihten to hwi gemanifalde synt þa þe tregiað oððe swencað me [L. qui tribulant me].
1104 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) Eall þis wæs God mid to gremienne and þas arme leode mid to tregienne.
a1300 E.E. Psalter v. 12 Out-put þam þar þai sal be, Lauerd for þai traied þe.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3975 Quað balaam, ‘for ðu tregest me; Had ic an swerd, ic sluge ðe.’
a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 3046 Ich am so trayed þat neeȝ ich wepe!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

trayv.2

Forms: Middle English traye, (Middle English trayȝe), Middle English–1500s traie, Middle English–1500s tray (Middle English trai, Middle English treie).
Etymology: < Old French traïr (Roland 11th cent.), French trahir to betray < late popular Latin *tradīre , for Latin trādĕre to deliver over, < tra- (trans- prefix) + dare to give.
Obsolete.
transitive. To betray.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > treacherous action > [verb (transitive)]
trechec1230
betrayc1275
trayc1275
treason13..
traise1320
trechetc1330
betradec1375
betraisec1386
deceivea1400
bewray1535
reveal1640
double-cross1889
society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > betrayal > betray [verb (transitive)]
sellc950
forredea1000
belewec1000
trechec1230
betrayc1275
trayc1275
wrayc1275
traise1320
trechetc1330
betradec1375
betraisec1386
bewray1535
betrantc1540
boil1602
reveal1640
peacha1689
bridge1819
to go back on (also upon)1859
to sell (a person) down the river1921
c1275 Passion our Lord 194 in Old Eng. Misc. 42 Mid þine valse cosse þu trayest monnes sune.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. iii. 123 Truste of hire tresore treieth ful manye.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15277 Þat i ha luued, he sal me trai [Fairf. tray].
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 18053 Thei swore bothe to traye the toun.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates James I. f. xxxviii [To] punish such as had my brother trayed.
1568 T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 117 A canckred poyson..Full closely coucht in pleasant bayte, with that poore soule to tray.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

trayint.

Etymology: Exclamatory use of Old French trai, tray, past participle of traïr to betray: see Godefroy Compl.
Obsolete.
Betrayed! Treachery! Treason!
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > [interjection]
traya1450
society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > treachery > treason [interjection]
treason1388
traya1450
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1913) II. l. 14130 And evere he cride: ‘Tray, tray, tray!’
1600–1 in Hatfield Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) XI. 46 But Orrell..did run and leap in the forefront with Sir Christopher Blount and Mr. Busshell, their weapons drawn, crying, ‘Saw, Saw, Saw, Saw, tray, tray’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

> see also

also refers to : treytrayv.
<
n.1OEn.210..n.3c1430n.41812v.1a1000v.2c1275int.a1450
see also
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