trowv.

Brit.

/trəʊ/,

/traʊ/, U.S.

/troʊ/

Forms: α. Old English trúwian, Middle English truu, Middle English tru, Middle English–1500s (1700s–1800s Scottish) true. β. Old English tréowan, tréowian, Middle English treowe, Middle English–1500s (1800s Scottish) trew, Middle English ? Scottish treu. γ. Middle English trowen, (Middle English ( Orm.) trowwenn, Middle English trouwe), Middle English–1500s (1700s Scottish) trou, Middle English–1600s trowe, (Middle English Scottish throw, throu), Middle English troue, Middle English–1600s tro, (1700s tro'), Middle English, 1800s Scottish troo, 1500s–1600s troe, troa, Middle English– trow. δ. (northern dialect) Middle English trau, ( tray), Middle English traue, trawe, traw, (Middle English traywe). Past tense and participle trowed

/trəʊd/; also past tense Middle English -ede, Middle English–1500s Scottish -it, etc.; Middle English troud, Middle English–1500s trowd, 1500s troude; past participle Middle English troud, troude, trod, trawet, Middle English trawt; (Middle English (?) trowen).

Etymology: Old English had more than one type: (1) Old English trúwian, < trúwa n. ‘faith, belief’ = Old Saxon trûon (Middle Low German truwe), Old High German trû(u)ên (Middle High German trûen, truuen, German trauen), Old Norse trúa (Swedish and Norwegian tro), Gothic trauan, Old Germanic *trûwian, from base trū-, originally ‘strong, firm, sure’; (2) Old English tréowan, tréowian, < tréowe ‘faith, belief’, with the ablaut grade *tréu(w); compare Old Saxon tre(u)wa, Old West Frisian trouwa (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch trouwen to believe, trust, espouse). Of the two Old English forms, trúwian was the earlier and more usual; but its place was mainly taken in Middle English by trowen, with its variants traue, traw, < tréow(i)an. In some of the Middle English forms, trúwian and tréow(i)an appear to run together.

archaic.

†1.

a. transitive (originally intransitive with dative; cf. 2). To trust, have confidence in, believe (a person or thing).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > have confidence in, trust [verb (transitive)]

trowc888

trista1272

trestc1275

ween1340

affy?a1400

betrustc1440

strust1450

traist1473

atristc1475

intrastea1500

betrow?1567

confide1632

salve1646

bank1872

α.

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care ix. 58 Swiðe eaðe mæg on smyltre sæ ungelæred scipstiora genoh ryhte stieran, ac se gelæreda him ne truwað on ðære hreon sæ & on ðæm miclan stormum.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4366 And for his traist o mi leute Of all his god he trues me.

1728 A. Ramsay Fables xii. 12 His colour's green, If ane may true his ain twa een.

β. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvii. §2 Yrnað ealle endemes ða ðe hiora ærninge trewað.OE Beowulf 1166 Gehwylc hiora his ferhþe treowde, þæt he hæfde mod micel.OE Genesis 2326 Ic eow treowige, gif ge þæt tacen gegaþ soðgeleafan.c1175 12th c. Hom. 136 Ȝyf he þa bote deþ..& on Gode trywiȝe.1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 326 He that will trew His fa it sall him sum-tyme rew.γ. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 3413 Wan hii þe troueþ alre best.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1092 Loth hem warnede..Oc he ne troweden him.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 5212 Þis es þe soth, trou [Vesp. tru] ȝe me.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xx. 221 And all be it that sum men wil not trow me, but holden it for fable.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 The silly thing trowd him, allace. The lame gaif creddence to the tod.1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 842 Suld I not trow mine own two eyne?a1829 Parcy Reed xviii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 26/2 The three false Halls of Girsonsfield, They'll never be trusted or trowed again.δ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5151 If þat þou noght traues me,..come þi-self and se.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 27 To those that will hym trawe.

†b. reflexive. To trust oneself to a person. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (reflexive)]

trowc950

tresta1250

affyc1350

grounda1387

sickera1400

traista1400

repose1539

stay1549

rest1574

α.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 24 Se hælend ne lefde vel ne trugude hine seolfne him vel ðæm, foreðon he uiste alle.

γ. 1388 J. Wyclif John ii. 24 But Jhesus trowide not hym silf to hem, for he knewe alle men.

†2.

a. intransitive with preposition. To believe in or on; to have confidence in; to trust to. Obsolete or rare (archaic).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)]

hopec888

believeOE

trowc1000

levec1175

strusta1250

trista1250

trestc1275

traista1300

affyc1330

assurec1374

restc1384

sover1488

confidea1525

faith1555

relyc1571

build1573

α.

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxv. 446 Ða burhware..truwodon to þam wealle.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19883 Truis tu in god?

β. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) cxvii[i]. 8 God ys on Dryhten georne to þenceanne, þonne on mannan wese mod to treowianne.γ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1176 He nom his enne hired-mon þe he wel trowede on [c1300 Otho þat wel he treste con].c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2855 Trowe til vs & oure consayl!1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 829 Ȝif alle þe lorus..Ben trewe to be trowen on & trysty to leue.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Lucrece. 1707 It is no nede To trowyn on the word but on the dede.c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. vi. 52 A trew discret man..to whom he may trowe to ordeyne þe besynesse of his godys.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 102 Thei wolen not trowe to his teching.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 235 In Inglismen allace quhi suld we trow?1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 490 Gyff that ȝe will trow to me.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 240 Bot trow in God that you has wroght.1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. C.vii The .xij. artycles of the fayth That mankynde must on trowe.1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. *.iv^v We suld trow in the sonne of God.1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 369 Vague tales, wherein I was well fain to trow.δ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13671 Traus [Fairf. trawes] þou in godd sun or nai?

†b. transitive. To believe in (a doctrine, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > [verb (transitive)]

believec1325

trow1340

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 841 Hit semeþ..Þat ȝe no giuen of no gome no none godus trowe.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 422 Oon article of bileue..is to trowe hooly chirche.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xv. 66 Þe Sarzenes trowes þe incarnacioun.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vi. Prol. 81 We trow a God, regnand in personis thre.

a. transitive. To believe (a statement, etc.); to give credence to, accept as true or trustworthy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > accept as true, believe [verb (transitive)]

ylevec888

leve971

ween971

i-weneOE

takec1175

trowc1175

truth?c1250

thinka1275

believec1300

trustc1325

hold1340

trist1340

to give (one's) faith to (also unto)c1405

accept?c1430

admitc1449

credencea1529

to take a person at his (also her) word1535

credit1547

faith1576

to take a person's word1576

receive1581

creed1596

understand1751

Adam and Eve1925

buy1926

α.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14708 Qua wil noght tru [Gött. trou, Fairf. traw, Trin. Cambr. trowe] þat i tell.

β. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2037 Pvtifar trewið hise wiwes tale.γ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 134 I wollde bliþeliȝ. þatt all ennglisshe lede..shollde itt trowwenn.1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. iii. 4 Such thynges wold I nought haue trowyd, yf I had nought seen it my self.1450–80 tr. Secreta Secret. xvi. 14 Trowe not lightly alle that that men wille telle the.c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. vii. f. 177/1 We may nocht trow ane wourd he sayis.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 118 Speake lesse then thou knowest,..learne more then thou trowest . 1801 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. II. 60 She trou'd ilka word that the fause loon did say!1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 170 I hae gard him true mony a queer tale.1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd ii. 79 Men trowed his every word.δ. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 662 Saré laȝez, Not trawande þe tale.

†b. with object and complement. To believe or suppose (a thing or person) to be (so and so); also with infinitive (to be.., or to do something). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

γ.

a1275 Prov. Ælfred 164 in Old Eng. Misc. 113 For wanne he is lif alre beste trowen, Þenne sal he letin lif his oȝene.

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. xxix. 63 Yf þe nedys of a woman, drawe to þe to here þat þow trowys trewe, and þat þou demys good.

c1460 Play Sacram. 559 I trowe best we mak a crye.

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 69 Thou Agamemnon trowes Vs dastards and faint hearted folke.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 59 The chanceller trowit al to be trew.

δ. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 282 I trawed my perle don out of dawez.?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 121 Of whom somme men trawe that cite to have taken name.

†c. to trow (in passive sense): to be believed or thought (so and so). Also at trow (at prep. 39), in quot. a1340, worthy of belief, credible.

ΚΠ

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xcii. 7 Testimonia sua credibilia facta sunt nimis... Þi biddyngis ere mykil made at trow.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27126 And es he for a fule to trou [Fairf. traw].

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N7 How much it doth ouerflow, Or faile thereof, so much is more then iust to trow .

a. with object clause. To believe, think, be of opinion, suppose, imagine; sometimes, to believe confidently, feel sure, be assured. †trow you what..(?) ‘what do you think..?’

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > form or hold an opinion [verb]

ween971

trowc1000

to be of (the) opinion (that)c1425

to be of (rarely in) mind1567

to take measure(s)1650

to take a fair (also wrong, etc.) measure ofa1797

α.

c1000 Ælfric Past. Ep. iii, in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 364 Ic truwige þeah þæt sum wurðe abrird þurh God.

1801 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. II. 84 I pree'd it aft as ye may true!

γ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6946 Þeȝȝ munndenn trowwenn þatt te child. Iosæpess sune wære.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 133 Þis I trouwe beo treuþe!a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 83 Trowest þou auȝt that a deed man schal lyue aȝen?14.. Cov. Corp. Christi Pl. i. 883 I tro there wolbe a carefull syght.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 391 I trow thow be sum spy.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xvii. f. ciiij^v Doeth he thanke that servaunt be cause he did that which was commaunded vnto hym? I trowe not.1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (S.T.S.) iii. v. 256 Þe hevynnis apperit birnand; The erde trymblit..; men trowis ane kow spak.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q6 And henceforth by this daies ensample trow, That hasty wroth, and heedlesse hazardry Doe breede repentaunce late, and lasting infamy.1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 279 Trow you what he calde me? 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 184 As I troa Which I doe well; for I am sure [etc.] . c1670 in J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 451 I used..to..cast up the whyte of my eyes, so that any bodie wold have trowed that I was blind.1786 R. Burns Poems 80 The Poets..Wad gar you trow ye ne'er do wrang.1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iv. 72 I trow he's a dealer in cattle.1872 C. Thirlwall Remains (1878) III. 254 Can anything be more clearly proved..? I trow not.δ. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3351 Ne trawes not, tru lady, þat I take wolde Thy ladyship to losse.

b. Parenthetically or at the end of a sentence (often merely expletive), as I trow (in assertions) = ‘I suppose’, ‘I ween’; †also rarely in questions (where the sense is not clear).

ΚΠ

α.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 371 Þarfor scaples was it [I] tru [Fairf. traw].

γ. 1423 Kingis Quair xi Bot now, how trowe ȝe? suich a fantasye Fell me to mynd.] 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) xiii. sig. Civ/1 Thyse wordes I trowe shall suffyse.1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.vi^v Who trowe you is a faythefull seruaunte??1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 47 No man is so foolishe, I trowe, so to doe.a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 128 Who's there, I troa ? 1676 A. Marvell Gen. Councils in Wks. (1875) IV. 138 Did not this Historian, trow you, deserve [etc.]?1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 174 But I tro, you will put some difference between Little-faith and the Kings Champion. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxvii. 152 What is become of Lord M. I trow, that he writes not to me?1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere vii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 45 Why, this is strange, I trow!1852 H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith 438 A sceptic is not to be startled by paradoxes, I trow.

†c. Also simply trow (elliptical for I trow or trow you). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?1553 Respublica (1952) iv. ii. 34 Was not he drownde trowe last yeare?

1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iv. i. sig. I4 Where are these villaines troe ?

1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote ii. x. 57 And haue you euer seene her, trow?

1636 T. Heywood Challenge i, in Wks. (1874) V. 14 How came you by them tro? honestly?

1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxii. 57 What could you have done to him, tro'?

†5. intransitive or absol. To believe; to hold a belief; to have or exercise faith. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > [verb (intransitive)]

ylevec888

believeOE

trowc1175

α.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19530 Simon [Magus] lete als þoȝ he truwid, And baptizid him.

γ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2820 & tu full ædiȝ wurrþenn arrt. Forr þatt tu mihhtesst trowwenn.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7358 He asked þenne how þey trowd, & what þer Godes name hight.c1440 York Myst. xxi. 162 What man þat trowis and baptised be.1572 J. Tyrie in J. Knox Answer Let. Tyrie f. 1 Befoir a thousand zeiris..was yair pepill yat trowit as yai do.

†6. transitive. To expect, hope. Usually with infinitive; less commonly with object clause; rarely with simple object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] > to do something

thinkOE

trow1340

intendc1374

believea1393

deemc1475

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > hope for [verb (transitive)]

hopec1000

trow1340

trust1523

to wait after ——1534

lot1633

to look for ——1828

γ.

1340–70 Alisaunder 919 Þei trowed no tresoun untruly too haue.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xii. 432 Shewe me the Knyght, & I trowe I shalle bere hym doune.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 572 Fra Fyff was tynt the war thai trowyt to speid.

1575 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 301 She..was sore sike.., so that none of hir frendes trowed hir life.

c1600 A. Montgomerie Sonn. xxviii. 11 Vhair sho [an ass] troude hir maister suld hir treit, They battound hir.

†7. To prove to be true; to vouch for; to verify; to ascertain. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > assure, make certain [verb (transitive)] > establish as fact, ascertain

trowa901

lookc1175

take1469

ascertaina1513

certain1523

favoura1530

establish1533

try1542

try1582

tie1623

secure1630

to make sure1644

true1647

determine1650

determinate1666

authenticate1753

constatea1773

verify1801

validate1957

β.

a901 Laws of Alfred c. 33 gif he hine treowan [v.r. treowian] wille.

γ. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 258 Þe letter forth þei nam, to trowe þer sayng.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 8298 Blissed be þou god,..þi word is wele trod, I say it bi William.1603 Philotus iii. sig. A3 First try the treuth, then may ȝe trow, Gif I mynd to desaue.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	trow
释义	† trown.¹ Brit. /trəʊ/, /traʊ/, U.S. /troʊ/ Etymology: < Old English trūwa (compare Norse, Swedish, Danish tro). Obsolete. rare. 1. Belief; faith, trust. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] levec950 beliefc1175 trothc1175 trutha1200 fayc1315 believingc1384 faithc1384 trowa1400 the mind > mental capacity > belief > [noun] > system of belief, creed beliefc1225 trowa1400 credo?1518 creed1623 faith1659 dogma1791 belief system1870 spirituality1905 whatnotism1915 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 22722 Þai þat war in dred and dout, Þar-of wit trow [Gött. trouth, Trin. Cambr, trouþe] he broht þaim out. 1883 G. Stephens S. Bugge's Stud. N. Mythol. 149 Teaching of the new trow by help of the old.] 2. Fancy, supposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun] huea1000 imagination1340 imagea1393 portraiturea1393 trowc1460 fume1531 imaginary1594 phantasm1594 trajection1594 representationa1602 idolum1619 object1651 tablature1661 fancy1663 representamen1677 phantom1686 presentment1817 fantasy1823 projection1836 visuality1841 thought-picture1844 imago1863 vestige1885 c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 38 For they that loven so passyngly, such trowes þey have echone. c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Aiv Her lyttyll handis in meane maner this is no trow. 3. Faith as pledged, covenant: = troth n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance wordOE costOE earnest1221 fayc1300 certainty1303 wager1306 plighta1325 pledge1371 assurancec1386 undertaking?a1400 faithc1405 surementc1410 to make affiancec1425 earnest pennya1438 warrant1460 trow1515 fidelity1531 stipulation1552 warranty1555 pawn1573 arrha1574 avouchment1574 assumption1590 word of honour1598 avouch1603 assecurance1616 preassurance1635 tower-stamp1642 parole of honour1648 spondence1657 honour1659 1515 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 40 For keeping the day of trow. 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) I. ix. viii. 375 Then sir Plenorius yielded him and his tower, and all his prisoners at his will; and then sir Launcelot received him, and took his trow [1470–85 trouthe]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). trown.² Brit. /trəʊ/, /traʊ/, U.S. /troʊ/ Etymology: Dialect variant of trough n. local. A name for various kinds of boats or barges: spec. (a) (formerly, on the Severn) a large flat-bottomed sailing barge; (b) (in the south of Scotland and north of England) a double canoe or boat used in spearing salmon by torchlight (also plural construed as singular): (see quot. 1825) (? obsolete); (c) (on the south coast of England) a small flat-bottomed boat used in herring-fishing. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > other types of vessel > [noun] farcost1284 lumbar13.. trowc1330 linec1400 rampinc1500 skey1507 lique1523 sakre1546 salve1588 magara1592 bonaventure1592 centaur1622 Greenlander1692 jackass1826 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10218 Arthur..gadered botes, chalans, & trowes. 1479 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 424 Such as bryngeth whete to towne, as wele in trowys, as otherwyse, by lande and by watir. 1778 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) XI. 144 Are there fewer trows or barges employed on rivers and canals? 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Trows,..used in Roxb. and other southern shires, to denote two pieces of wood, each formed like the half or section of an ellipsis, fenced with upright boards, so as to prevent the entrance of water. These two are conjoined... An interstice is left between the two sections, so that the water is seen distinctly through it. This sort of vessel..is used in..night-fishing on rivers for salmon. 1835 ‘S. Oliver’ Rambles Northumberland 154 ‘The trows’..used in spearing salmon in parts of the river where they cannot be taken with a net. The trows consist of..two narrow boats,..connected at the top by a piece of flat board. 1875 Bristol Times 17 June (E.D.D.) The Fanny was a ketch-rigged (two-masted) trow, of 120 tons.., and was used for trading purposes. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) On the south coast about Sidmouth a small fishing-boat is a trow. 1899 Daily News 13 Feb. 7/3 The trow ‘Flower of the Severn’,..moored in the river, was carried away by the tide and wrecked. Compounds attributive, as trow-fisher, trow-lock; also trowman n. ΚΠ 1835 ‘S. Oliver’ Rambles Northumberland 155 Some of the old trow-fishers here are of opinion [etc.]. 1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. ii. 14 The trow-lock [in the Gloucester and Berkeley canal] is eighty-one feet six inches long. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † trown.³ Forms: Also trew. Etymology: < Old French trëud, trëu, trou, etc. (Roland, 11th cent.) < Latin tribūtum tribute n. Obsolete. rare. = trewage n., toll. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] tollc1000 trewagec1380 trowc1380 finec1436 seigniorage fine1800 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1732 Ȝe mote furst..þe truwage make fyn þat to þis brigge longeþ..do tell me wat is þe trow. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4471 Tel me, sire,..Of þys passage what ys þe trow. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4477 My trew þay sayde þay wolde pay. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online December 2021). trown.⁴ Brit. /trəʊ/, /traʊ/, U.S. /troʊ/ Etymology: = Swedish troll : see troll n.² Orkney and Shetland. = troll n.² ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > troll troll1616 trow1640 trowling1840 troll-wife1851 troll-woman1862 troll-maiden1886 1640 Orkney Witch Trial in Abbotsford Cl. Misc. I. 167 Ȝe ansuered hir againe, that it was but the Trow that haid gripped her. 1643 Orkney Witch Trial in Abbotsford Cl. Misc. I. 173 Knoweing that the said Thomas was lying seik in his hous, ȝe said that it was the sea trow or spirit that was lying vpoun him. 1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 115 They tell us that several such Creatures do appear to Fishers at Sea, particularly such as they call Sea-Trowes. 1821 W. Scott Pirate I. v. 121 Others [sc. magicians] dealt with spirits of a different and less odious class—the ancient dwarfs, called, in Zetland, Trows, or Drows, the modern fairies, and so forth. 1868 D. Gorrie Summers & Winters in Orkneys v. 168 The trows, or drows,..resembled the daoine shith of the Highlanders, in the malevolent feelings which they..entertained towards mankind. 1883 R. M. Fergusson Rambling Sketches xvii. 121 It was an unlucky moment when a fisherman cast his eyes on a sea~trow; panic and fear seized him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). trowv. Brit. /trəʊ/, /traʊ/, U.S. /troʊ/ Forms: α. Old English trúwian, Middle English truu, Middle English tru, Middle English–1500s (1700s–1800s Scottish) true. β. Old English tréowan, tréowian, Middle English treowe, Middle English–1500s (1800s Scottish) trew, Middle English ? Scottish treu. γ. Middle English trowen, (Middle English ( Orm.) trowwenn, Middle English trouwe), Middle English–1500s (1700s Scottish) trou, Middle English–1600s trowe, (Middle English Scottish throw, throu), Middle English troue, Middle English–1600s tro, (1700s tro'), Middle English, 1800s Scottish troo, 1500s–1600s troe, troa, Middle English– trow. δ. (northern dialect) Middle English trau, ( tray), Middle English traue, trawe, traw, (Middle English traywe). Past tense and participle trowed /trəʊd/; also past tense Middle English -ede, Middle English–1500s Scottish -it, etc.; Middle English troud, Middle English–1500s trowd, 1500s troude; past participle Middle English troud, troude, trod, trawet, Middle English trawt; (Middle English (?) trowen). Etymology: Old English had more than one type: (1) Old English trúwian, < trúwa n. ‘faith, belief’ = Old Saxon trûon (Middle Low German truwe), Old High German trû(u)ên (Middle High German trûen, truuen, German trauen), Old Norse trúa (Swedish and Norwegian tro), Gothic trauan, Old Germanic trûwian, from base trū-, originally ‘strong, firm, sure’; (2) Old English tréowan, tréowian, < tréowe* ‘faith, belief’, with the ablaut grade tréu(w); compare Old Saxon tre(u)wa, Old West Frisian trouwa* (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch trouwen to believe, trust, espouse). Of the two Old English forms, trúwian was the earlier and more usual; but its place was mainly taken in Middle English by trowen, with its variants traue, traw, < tréow(i)an. In some of the Middle English forms, trúwian and tréow(i)an appear to run together. archaic. †1. a. transitive (originally intransitive with dative; cf. 2). To trust, have confidence in, believe (a person or thing). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > have confidence in, trust [verb (transitive)] trowc888 trista1272 trestc1275 ween1340 affy?a1400 betrustc1440 strust1450 traist1473 atristc1475 intrastea1500 betrow?1567 confide1632 salve1646 bank1872 α. c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care ix. 58 Swiðe eaðe mæg on smyltre sæ ungelæred scipstiora genoh ryhte stieran, ac se gelæreda him ne truwað on ðære hreon sæ & on ðæm miclan stormum. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4366 And for his traist o mi leute Of all his god he trues me. 1728 A. Ramsay Fables xii. 12 His colour's green, If ane may true his ain twa een. β. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvii. §2 Yrnað ealle endemes ða ðe hiora ærninge trewað.OE Beowulf 1166 Gehwylc hiora his ferhþe treowde, þæt he hæfde mod micel.OE Genesis 2326 Ic eow treowige, gif ge þæt tacen gegaþ soðgeleafan.c1175 12th c. Hom. 136 Ȝyf he þa bote deþ..& on Gode trywiȝe.1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 326 He that will trew His fa it sall him sum-tyme rew.γ. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 3413 Wan hii þe troueþ alre best.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1092 Loth hem warnede..Oc he ne troweden him.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 5212 Þis es þe soth, trou [Vesp. tru] ȝe me.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xx. 221 And all be it that sum men wil not trow me, but holden it for fable.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 The silly thing trowd him, allace. The lame gaif creddence to the tod.1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 842 Suld I not trow mine own two eyne?a1829 Parcy Reed xviii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 26/2 The three false Halls of Girsonsfield, They'll never be trusted or trowed again.δ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5151 If þat þou noght traues me,..come þi-self and se.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 27 To those that will hym trawe. †b. reflexive. To trust oneself to a person. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (reflexive)] trowc950 tresta1250 affyc1350 grounda1387 sickera1400 traista1400 repose1539 stay1549 rest1574 α. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 24 Se hælend ne lefde vel ne trugude hine seolfne him vel ðæm, foreðon he uiste alle. γ. 1388 J. Wyclif John ii. 24 But Jhesus trowide not hym silf to hem, for he knewe alle men. †2. a. intransitive with preposition. To believe in or on; to have confidence in; to trust to. Obsolete or rare (archaic). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] hopec888 believeOE trowc1000 levec1175 strusta1250 trista1250 trestc1275 traista1300 affyc1330 assurec1374 restc1384 sover1488 confidea1525 faith1555 relyc1571 build1573 α. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxv. 446 Ða burhware..truwodon to þam wealle. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19883 Truis tu in god? β. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) cxvii[i]. 8 God ys on Dryhten georne to þenceanne, þonne on mannan wese mod to treowianne.γ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1176 He nom his enne hired-mon þe he wel trowede on [c1300 Otho þat wel he treste con].c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2855 Trowe til vs & oure consayl!1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 829 Ȝif alle þe lorus..Ben trewe to be trowen on & trysty to leue.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Lucrece. 1707 It is no nede To trowyn on the word but on the dede.c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. vi. 52 A trew discret man..to whom he may trowe to ordeyne þe besynesse of his godys.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 102 Thei wolen not trowe to his teching.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 235 In Inglismen allace quhi suld we trow?1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 490 Gyff that ȝe will trow to me.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 240 Bot trow in God that you has wroght.1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. C.vii The .xij. artycles of the fayth That mankynde must on trowe.1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. .iv^v We suld trow in the sonne of God.1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV* 369 Vague tales, wherein I was well fain to trow.δ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13671 Traus [Fairf. trawes] þou in godd sun or nai? †b. transitive. To believe in (a doctrine, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [verb (transitive)] believec1325 trow1340 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 841 Hit semeþ..Þat ȝe no giuen of no gome no none godus trowe. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 422 Oon article of bileue..is to trowe hooly chirche. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xv. 66 Þe Sarzenes trowes þe incarnacioun. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vi. Prol. 81 We trow a God, regnand in personis thre. 3. a. transitive. To believe (a statement, etc.); to give credence to, accept as true or trustworthy. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > accept as true, believe [verb (transitive)] ylevec888 leve971 ween971 i-weneOE takec1175 trowc1175 truth?c1250 thinka1275 believec1300 trustc1325 hold1340 trist1340 to give (one's) faith to (also unto)c1405 accept?c1430 admitc1449 credencea1529 to take a person at his (also her) word1535 credit1547 faith1576 to take a person's word1576 receive1581 creed1596 understand1751 Adam and Eve1925 buy1926 α. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14708 Qua wil noght tru [Gött. trou, Fairf. traw, Trin. Cambr. trowe] þat i tell. β. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2037 Pvtifar trewið hise wiwes tale.γ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 134 I wollde bliþeliȝ. þatt all ennglisshe lede..shollde itt trowwenn.1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. iii. 4 Such thynges wold I nought haue trowyd, yf I had nought seen it my self.1450–80 tr. Secreta Secret. xvi. 14 Trowe not lightly alle that that men wille telle the.c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. vii. f. 177/1 We may nocht trow ane wourd he sayis.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 118 Speake lesse then thou knowest,..learne more then thou trowest . View more context for this quotation1801 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. II. 60 She trou'd ilka word that the fause loon did say!1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 170 I hae gard him true mony a queer tale.1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd ii. 79 Men trowed his every word.δ. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 662 Saré laȝez, Not trawande þe tale. †b. with object and complement. To believe or suppose (a thing or person) to be (so and so); also with infinitive (to be.., or to do something). Obsolete. ΚΠ γ. a1275 Prov. Ælfred 164 in Old Eng. Misc. 113 For wanne he is lif alre beste trowen, Þenne sal he letin lif his oȝene. c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. xxix. 63 Yf þe nedys of a woman, drawe to þe to here þat þow trowys trewe, and þat þou demys good. c1460 Play Sacram. 559 I trowe best we mak a crye. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 69 Thou Agamemnon trowes Vs dastards and faint hearted folke. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 59 The chanceller trowit al to be trew. δ. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 282 I trawed my perle don out of dawez.?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 121 Of whom somme men trawe that cite to have taken name. †c. to trow (in passive sense): to be believed or thought (so and so). Also at trow (at prep. 39), in quot. a1340, worthy of belief, credible. ΚΠ a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xcii. 7 Testimonia sua credibilia facta sunt nimis... Þi biddyngis ere mykil made at trow. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27126 And es he for a fule to trou [Fairf. traw]. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N7 How much it doth ouerflow, Or faile thereof, so much is more then iust to trow . View more context for this quotation 4. a. with object clause. To believe, think, be of opinion, suppose, imagine; sometimes, to believe confidently, feel sure, be assured. †trow you what..(?) ‘what do you think..?’ ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > form or hold an opinion [verb] ween971 trowc1000 to be of (the) opinion (that)c1425 to be of (rarely in) mind1567 to take measure(s)1650 to take a fair (also wrong, etc.) measure ofa1797 α. c1000 Ælfric Past. Ep. iii, in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 364 Ic truwige þeah þæt sum wurðe abrird þurh God. 1801 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. II. 84 I pree'd it aft as ye may true! γ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6946 Þeȝȝ munndenn trowwenn þatt te child. Iosæpess sune wære.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 133 Þis I trouwe beo treuþe!a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 83 Trowest þou auȝt that a deed man schal lyue aȝen?14.. Cov. Corp. Christi Pl. i. 883 I tro there wolbe a carefull syght.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 391 I trow thow be sum spy.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xvii. f. ciiij^v Doeth he thanke that servaunt be cause he did that which was commaunded vnto hym? I trowe not.1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (S.T.S.) iii. v. 256 Þe hevynnis apperit birnand; The erde trymblit..; men trowis ane kow spak.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q6 And henceforth by this daies ensample trow, That hasty wroth, and heedlesse hazardry Doe breede repentaunce late, and lasting infamy.1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 279 Trow you what he calde me? View more context for this quotation1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 184 As I troa Which I doe well; for I am sure [etc.] . View more context for this quotationc1670 in J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 451 I used..to..cast up the whyte of my eyes, so that any bodie wold have trowed that I was blind.1786 R. Burns Poems 80 The Poets..Wad gar you trow ye ne'er do wrang.1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iv. 72 I trow he's a dealer in cattle.1872 C. Thirlwall Remains (1878) III. 254 Can anything be more clearly proved..? I trow not.δ. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3351 Ne trawes not, tru lady, þat I take wolde Thy ladyship to losse. b. Parenthetically or at the end of a sentence (often merely expletive), as I trow (in assertions) = ‘I suppose’, ‘I ween’; †also rarely in questions (where the sense is not clear). ΚΠ α. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 371 Þarfor scaples was it [I] tru [Fairf. traw]. γ. 1423 Kingis Quair xi Bot now, how trowe ȝe? suich a fantasye Fell me to mynd.] 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) xiii. sig. Civ/1 Thyse wordes I trowe shall suffyse.1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.vi^v Who trowe you is a faythefull seruaunte??1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 47 No man is so foolishe, I trowe, so to doe.a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 128 Who's there, I troa ? View more context for this quotation1676 A. Marvell Gen. Councils in Wks. (1875) IV. 138 Did not this Historian, trow you, deserve [etc.]?1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 174 But I tro, you will put some difference between Little-faith and the Kings Champion. View more context for this quotation1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxvii. 152 What is become of Lord M. I trow, that he writes not to me?1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere vii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 45 Why, this is strange, I trow!1852 H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith 438 A sceptic is not to be startled by paradoxes, I trow. †c. Also simply trow (elliptical for I trow or trow you). Obsolete. ΚΠ ?1553 Respublica (1952) iv. ii. 34 Was not he drownde trowe last yeare? 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iv. i. sig. I4 Where are these villaines troe ? View more context for this quotation 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote ii. x. 57 And haue you euer seene her, trow? 1636 T. Heywood Challenge i, in Wks. (1874) V. 14 How came you by them tro? honestly? 1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxii. 57 What could you have done to him, tro'? †5. intransitive or absol. To believe; to hold a belief; to have or exercise faith. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [verb (intransitive)] ylevec888 believeOE trowc1175 α. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19530 Simon [Magus] lete als þoȝ he truwid, And baptizid him. γ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2820 & tu full ædiȝ wurrþenn arrt. Forr þatt tu mihhtesst trowwenn.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7358 He asked þenne how þey trowd, & what þer Godes name hight.c1440 York Myst. xxi. 162 What man þat trowis and baptised be.1572 J. Tyrie in J. Knox Answer Let. Tyrie f. 1 Befoir a thousand zeiris..was yair pepill yat trowit as yai do. †6. transitive. To expect, hope. Usually with infinitive; less commonly with object clause; rarely with simple object. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] > to do something thinkOE trow1340 intendc1374 believea1393 deemc1475 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > hope for [verb (transitive)] hopec1000 trow1340 trust1523 to wait after ——1534 lot1633 to look for ——1828 γ. 1340–70 Alisaunder 919 Þei trowed no tresoun untruly too haue. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xii. 432 Shewe me the Knyght, & I trowe I shalle bere hym doune. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 572 Fra Fyff was tynt the war thai trowyt to speid. 1575 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 301 She..was sore sike.., so that none of hir frendes trowed hir life. c1600 A. Montgomerie Sonn. xxviii. 11 Vhair sho [an ass] troude hir maister suld hir treit, They battound hir. †7. To prove to be true; to vouch for; to verify; to ascertain. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > assure, make certain [verb (transitive)] > establish as fact, ascertain trowa901 lookc1175 take1469 ascertaina1513 certain1523 favoura1530 establish1533 try1542 try1582 tie1623 secure1630 to make sure1644 true1647 determine1650 determinate1666 authenticate1753 constatea1773 verify1801 validate1957 β. a901 Laws of Alfred c. 33 gif he hine treowan [v.r. treowian] wille. γ. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 258 Þe letter forth þei nam, to trowe þer sayng.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 8298 Blissed be þou god,..þi word is wele trod, I say it bi William.1603 Philotus iii. sig. A3 First try the treuth, then may ȝe trow, Gif I mynd to desaue. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹a1400n.²c1330n.³c1380n.⁴1640v.c888
随便看	to put oneself on one'the country to put oneself out there to put oneself outside to put oneself to a person's mercy to put oneself upon one's country to put oneself upon one'the country to put oneself upon the country to put or drive one to one's shifts to put or drive to a shift or shifts to put or drive to one's shifts to put or drive to the shift or shifts to put or set anyone by to put or set by to put or set foot forward to put or set forward to put or set forward a person to put or set on or in a flame to put or set on or in flame to put or set up the back to put or throw out of his stride to put or throw out off his stride to put or throw someone out of his stride to put or throw someone out off his stride to put order to to put our heads together

† trown.1

trown.2

Compounds

† trown.3

trown.4

trowv.

† trown.¹

trown.²

† trown.³

trown.⁴