transomn.

/ˈtransəm/

Forms: Middle English traunsum, traunsom, traunsone, trampsoun, trampsown, tramson, 1500s trawnsom, ( transumpt), transume, transame, 1500s–1600s transam, 1500s–1800s transum, transome, 1600s transumme, 1500s– transom.

Etymology: Late Middle English traunsum, -som, of obscure history; but apparently (as held by Prof. Skeat), a corruption of Latin transtrum, of which it is the exact equivalent in sense. Latin transtrum was a derivative of trans, or the root tra- across, with the instrumental -trum = Greek -τρον, Indo-European -tro^m.No connecting forms between transtrum and transum have been found; but perhaps the latter was a workmen's corruption, which had assumed this form before it came to be written down: compare pediment n. (Florio's spelling transtroms in 1598 and 1611 can only be taken as his own emendation of the English word after Italian transtri; he knew also the form transoms.) The obscurity of the history is increased by the fact that senses 5, 6 and the combination transom-nail are known of earlier date than the architectural and naval senses, which being those of Latin transtrum would etymologically be earlier.

a. In building, etc.: A cross-beam or cross-piece, esp. one spanning an opening to carry a superstructure; a lintel.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > members of

pan1284

balka1300

lacec1330

pautre1360

dorman1374

rib1378

montant1438

dormant?1454

transom1487

ground-pillar?a1500

barge-couple1562

spar foot1579

frankpost1587

tracing1601

sleeper1607

bressumer1611

master-beam1611

muntin1611

discharge1620

dormer1623

mounting post1629

tassel1632

baufrey1640

pier1663

storey post1663

breastplate?1667

mudsill1685

template1700

brow-post1706

brow-stone1761

runner1772

stretching beam1776

pole plate1787

sabliere1800

frame stud1803

bent1815

mounting1819

bond-timber1823

storey rod1823

wall-hold1833

wall-strap1833

truss-block1883

sleeper-beam1937

shell1952

1487–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 137 Item, for v quarteres for traunsones, x d.

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xiii. f. 140 I hytte my heed ageynst the soyle or transumpt.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Transtra, transoms which do go ouerwhart a house, also the seates [etc.].

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. x. f. 84^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I They are inforced for want of stuffe to vse no studdes at all, but only raysines, groundselles, transomes, and vpright principalles.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Transtri, crosse or ouerthwart beames, transtroms [1611 Transtroms or crosse-beames].

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Trasti... Also a transome or beame going crosse a house [1611 transoms or crosse beames].

?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 63 Suppose a Shop-window to be twenty foot front,..the Brest~summer will take up twenty six foot of Timber,.. the two Transums for the Stalls eight foot.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 18 [An arch] whose two Lintel-Posts, and Transome, are of three whole Stones.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxi. 12 [The Temple of Diana at Ephesus] Its doors..surmounted by transoms so vast and solid that the aid of miracles was invoked to account for their elevation.

b. The transverse top-beam of a gallows, a swing, or the like; the lintel stone of a trilith.

ΚΠ

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 56 Swinging vp and downe, as boyes do in bell-ropes: for which there be gallowses..of an exceeding height..by two ioyning ropes that are fastned aboue, they will swing themselues as high as the transome.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 112 (Stonehenge) The transomes, or over-thwart stones, are quite plain.

1878 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times (ed. 4) v. 116 Circles of uprights and transoms at Stonehenge.

c. A beam resting across a saw-pit to support the log.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench > for sawing

Jack1580

sawing trestle1611

horse1718

saw-horse1775

buck1817

trestle1823

sawing-bench1845

sawing horse1846

sawing stool1846

wood-horse1849

sawbuck1855

transom1885

1885 Cheshire Gloss. Transom, the cross piece of wood that holds up the log on a saw-pit. A back-transom is a spare one always kept under the log for safety.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Transum, a cross bearer used by sawyers to support the end of the piece. A spare support thrown across the pit would be also called a transum.

a. A horizontal bar of wood or stone across a mullioned window, dividing it in height; also, a crossbar separating a door from the fanlight above it (Ogilvie, 1882).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar

monial1332

sodlet1332

stay-bar1399

transom1502

mullion1556

munnion1571

calm1577

leading1597

window bar1612

stroke1684

came1688

leads1705

saddle-bar?1733

transom-shaft1813

sash bar1837

baluster1844

baluster column1844

supermonial1846

supermullion1846

astragal1858

wagtail1940

1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 25 To John Conewey smyth for foure transoms and xij standardes [of iron for a window].

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 68 Foour great wyndoz a froont,..euery one a fiue foot wide, az many mo eeuen abooue them, diuided on all parts by a Transum & Architraue.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Meneau de fenestre, the transome, or cross-barre of a window.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 19 The middle Transoms of them [sc. windows] above six foot..since otherwise the middle Transome would be opposite to a mans eye.

1805 T. West's Antiq. Furness 365 The wooden mullions and transoms contained in the great [window] were placed there in 1796.

1871 Athenæum 29 July 151 The lancet windows of the principal story are long triplets, of ample width, and divided horizontally by broad transoms of sculptured work.

b. Short for transom-window n. at Compounds 2: A window divided by a transom; also a small window above the lintel of a door. U.S. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > transom window

transom-window1688

transom1844

1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen v. 83 The transom, that looks long-wise through the street.

1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 893 In trying to climb through the transom into the car he took hold of the guide rope.

1883 Cent. Mag. 25 588/2 The dim light that streamed into the room from the transom.

1908 W. Churchill Mr. Crewe's Career x The buzz of talk which he had heard through the closed transom.

3. In technical applications.

†a. The vane of a cross-staff (cross-staff n. 2): see quot. 1696. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > measuring altitude > [noun] > cross-staff > limb of

transitory?1574

transom1594

transversary1595

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > cross-staff > limb of

transitory?1574

transom1594

transversary1595

thirty-cross1726

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vii. xii. f. 312 A new kind of Crosse staffe, hauing 3. transoms or crosses.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Transome,..the Vane of a Cross Staff, or Wooden Member, to be set a-cross the cross Staff, having a Socket in it, upon which it slides stiff upon the Square of the Cross Staff, and may be set to any of the Graduations of it.

†b. The transverse member in a cross. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [noun] > anything lying transversely > part of a cross

transversary1584

transom1615

transversea1634

traversion1658

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 184 For it [the Cross of Christ] was framed..of foure seuerall woods; the foot of Cedar, the bole of Cypresse, the transome of Palme, and the title of Oliue.

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus i, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 96 Some [crosses] being right, and of one single peece without traversion or transome.

1864 R. S. Hawker Quest Sangraal 33 [The Southern Cross] a Pentacle of stars, whereof two shone for the Transome and three for the Stock.

c. A cross-piece connecting the cheeks of a gun-carriage.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] > other parts of carriage

tail-pin1497

brack1622

head-plate1647

transom1688

prise-bolt1705

bracket1753

bracket-bolt1753

pintle1769

rider1779

trail-plate-eye1828

cleat1834

wheel-guard1860

spade1862

nave-hole1867

chassis1869

turntable1889

gun-crutch1898

trail-spade1904

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xviii. 138/2 The transomes, are the peeces of wood which hold the cheekes or Limbres togather.

1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 114 The 68-pounder carriage has, in addition to the breast transom.., a centre and horizontal one.

1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 289/1 Transoms, in artillery, pieces of wood which join the cheeks of gun-carriages. There is but one in a truck-carriage, placed under the trunnion-holes; and four in a wheel-carriage—the trail, the centre, the bed, and the breast-transoms.

d. Carriage-building. In a perch-carriage, Each of two cross-timbers ( fore transom and hind transom) framed across the perch, and upon which the springs are fixed.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > frame of cart or carriage > other frame timbers

sheth1496

summer?1523

everingsa1642

hoop-stick1794

nunter1794

transom1794

wain-trees1876

horn-bar1879

1794 W. Felton Treat. Carriages I. 63 The fore transom or fore spring bar, is the most essential part of the cross framings. It is a strong timber fixed to the perch by means of a hooping-piece.

1877 G. A. Thrupp Hist. Coaches ii. 32 The carriage is composed of a transom in front with a perch..fastened to it.

e. Each of the transverse timbers joining the sides in the frame of a railway carriage bogie-truck.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of frame of

under-frame1855

headstock1869

cant-rail1871

sill1874

transom1891

sole-bar1930

crib-rail1958

1891 in Cent. Dict.

1907 H. F. Parshall & H. M. Hobart Electr. Railway Engin. x. 451 In the case of a heavy motor there is usually a nose in the frame casting which rests on a bar carried by springs on the transom.

f. plural. On a railway: Cross-timbers laid between (or, formerly, beneath) longitudinal sleepers.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > parts and fittings of rails > sleeper

cross-tie1813

sleeper1837

longitudinal1838

transom1838

cross-sleeper1841

railroad tie1847

stringer1848

tie1857

pot sleeper1869

waybeam1880

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 341/1 On the Great Western Railway..the longitudinal sleepers have been laid on transoms and piles.

1872 Daily News 15 July For nearly a mile the transoms have been torn up and smashed, the ballast ploughed up, and the line otherwise injured.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 May 1/3 The ‘transoms’ are the cross-timbers which hold the longitudinal sleepers at their proper distance apart.

g. The seat of a throne; also, a couch or seat built at the side of a cabin or state-room on board ship.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > other parts of body of vessel > [noun] > seat in a boat > at sides of cabin

transom1847

society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne > seat of

transom1896

1847 H. Melville Omoo lxxxii. 373 I would find the ship's articles on the cabin transom.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xvi. 81 Seated on the transom was what seemed to me a most uncommon and surprising figure.

1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius vii The Duke was extended on a transom.

1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius ix He sat down on the transom.

1896 Daily News 19 May 5/2 Each throne has also been furnished with new transomes covered with crimson velvet.

4. Shipbuilding.

a. †A cross-beam in the frame of a ship (obsolete); spec. each of several transverse beams bolted to the stern-post, which support the ends of the decks and determine the breadth of the stern at the buttocks.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > deck or hold beams

transom1545

beam1627

wing-transom1711

stool1797

hold-beam1801

breast beam1805

skid beam1846

beak-head-beam1850

cat-beam1850

deck-beam1858

main-transom1867

spale1867

1545 Bibliotheca Eliotæ Canonia, the transomes in a shyppe, whereon the hatches are made.

1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 94 They vnite and ioyne the plancks together..binding the same to many transomes that goe both crosse and longe wayes for the strength of the vessell.

1624 W. Monson Naval Tracts (Navy Rec. Soc.) IV. 47 The transom is a timber that lies athwart the stern, and lays out the breadth of the ship at the buttock, which is her breadth from her tuck upwards.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 319 The long boat at this time moored a-stern, was on a sudden canted so high, that it broke the transom of the Commodore's gallery.

1770 J. Cook Jrnl. 27 Jan. (1955) I. 240 The Carpenters..[were employed] in fixing a Transom for the want of which the Tiller has often been in danger of being broke.

1872 R. D. Blackmore Maid of Sker I. xiii. 132 Part of the taffrail was carried away,..but the transom and transom-knees stood firm.

b. Short for transom-frame n. at Compounds 2; hence in Boat-building, a board similar in shape and position to a transom-frame: see quot. 1857.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [noun] > framework of

stern-frame1815

transom1857

transom-frame1874

1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 28 The stern-post is scarfed on, and upon it comes the transom, that heart-shaped piece of board, found in all cutter-built boats, and secured to the sax-board by transom grips or horizontal knees.

†5. Short for transom-nail n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nail > small

tingle1292

transom-nail1359

transom1423

1423 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 448/4 Hornchurch. Transom. 1 m. @/10.

1427 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 65 Also payd for ij^ml traunsum, þe m^l x d..xx d. Also pay for iij m^l sprigge, þe m^l ix d..xxvij d.

†6. ? A bolster; or part of a bedstead answering the same purpose. Obsolete.The editor of the Bury Wills remarks ‘the transome is usually considered to be that part of the bedstead which is between the two head-posts.. but the general association of the word with feather beds would lead us to think the bolster was meant’.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > pillow or bolster

pilloweOE

wangerc900

bolsterOE

pilliverOE

cod1392

transom1459

bed-head1483

hacoyte?1541

cod-pillow1569

tye1615

heading1847

weeping willow1880

1459 [see transomer n. at Derivatives].

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 ij peyre of good shetes, the trampsoun, the costerys of that chambyr.

1479 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 53 A traunson.

?1484 Will of Margaret Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 388 To John Heythe a materas with a traunsom, a peir shetes, a peir blankettes, and a couerlight.

1522 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 115 A ffetherbed, ij trawnsoms, a matras, ij pelowes, iiij payer of schetes.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Niii^v/2 Y^e Transome of a bed, trabula.]

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

transom-shaft n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar

monial1332

sodlet1332

stay-bar1399

transom1502

mullion1556

munnion1571

calm1577

leading1597

window bar1612

stroke1684

came1688

leads1705

saddle-bar?1733

transom-shaft1813

sash bar1837

baluster1844

baluster column1844

supermonial1846

supermullion1846

astragal1858

wagtail1940

1813 W. Scott Rokeby v. 210 The moon through transom-shafts of stone, Which crossed the latticed oriels, shone.

transom-stone n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [noun] > lintel

overdooreOE

lintela1425

soil1519

lintern1533

hance1534

linterel1548

hance-head1618

cap1688

transom-stone1770

lintel-piece1842

pare1897

soldier arch1963

1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 53 In the interstices between the upright and transome stories of Stone-henge.

transom-shaped adj. 2b.

ΚΠ

1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen v. 82 The transom-shaped windows suspended over your head.

C2.

transom-bar n. U.S. the crossbar over a door having a fanlight above it.

ΚΠ

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Transom-bar.

† transom-eyed adj. Obsolete having a transom or beam (beam n.¹ 3c) in the eye.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > hypocrisy > [adjective]

whiteda1225

hypocritec1380

papelarda1500

dissimuling?1518

dissembling1526

Pharisaical1527

hypocritish1531

masking1538

hypocritic1540

hypocritely1541

hypocritical1553

mimic1591

transom-eyed1601

tonguey1612

sanctimoniousa1616

Pharisaica1618

crocodilian1632

hypocrital1658

canting1663

double-minded1727

Tartufish1768

dissimulating1794

dissimulative1802

sawneying1808

sham-Abra(ha)m1828

Tartuffian1872

Pecksniffian1874

mawwormish1883

Chadbandian1908

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 67 Thus these transam-eyed hypocrites can spie small motes in Vs.

transom-frame n. Shipbuilding the aftermost ‘square-frame’ of a ship, giving shape to and supporting the stern, and bolted to the stern-post.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [noun] > framework of

stern-frame1815

transom1857

transom-frame1874

1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 85 A deep transverse frame, termed a ‘transom frame’, situated at the fore ends of the rudder-post, and connected thereto.

transom-grip n. Boat-building an angular fastening analogous to a transom-knee.

ΚΠ

1857Transom-grip [see sense 4b].

transom-knee n. Shipbuilding each of the curved timbers or angle-irons by which the transoms are fastened to the stern-timbers.

ΚΠ

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Courbes d'arcasse, the transom-knees, or sleepers.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 156 Transom-knees, knees bolted to the transoms and the side of the ship.

transom-lattice n. a transverse lattice.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > other types of

speer1379

traverse1400

transom-lattice1689

blind1730

window blind1730

spire1768

Venetian window-blind1769

window shade1789

tatty1792

tat1810

Japanese screen1872

fusuma1880

curtain1895

mosquito door1929

tuku-tuku1936

fly-wire door1952

table screen1971

1689 E. Howard Caroloiades 273 A transom Lattise did divide that Room.

Categories »

transom-lifter n. U.S. an apparatus for controlling and fastening the fanlight over a door.

† transom-nail n. Obsolete a small size of nail, formerly in use; ? a lath nail.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nail > small

tingle1292

transom-nail1359

transom1423

1359 Letter-bk. G. London lf. 83 Item in D. de lathes ij s. iij d. & ob. Item in Ml. & D. de trasonna(i)l, xviij d. Item in Ml. & D. de Sprig' xv d.

1424 Hornchurch Account 2 & 3 Hen. VI. (New Coll. Oxf. Oxf.) In .Ml. de traunsumnayl emptis pro domo capellani..x.d.

transom-rib n. a transverse rib.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > rib

ogive1290

rib1608

branch1793

vaulting rib1830

nook-rib1835

surface rib1835

transom-rib1835

wall-rib1835

lierne1842

cross-rib1858

formeret1872

1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages vii. 85 The principal distinction between these [kinds of vaulting] and our own fan vaulting, is the substitution of lozenge-headed compartments in the fans for the English horizontal transom rib.

Categories »

transom road n. U.S. a railway track on longitudinal sleepers with transoms between them.

Categories »

transom-stern n. Shipbuilding a vessel's stern formed by or taking its shape from a transom.

transom-window n. = 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > transom window

transom-window1688

transom1844

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 473/2 A Transome window, hath Cross barrs in it, at the third part of its height.

1817 D. Lysons & S. Lysons Magna Brit. V. p. ccxxxix The state apartments are spacious and lofty, with numerous large transom windows.

Derivatives

ˈtransomed adj. /-səmd/ divided by or having a transom or transoms.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [adjective] > transom window

transomed1848

1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 276 The window is transomed midway.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. i. 3 Lifting his eyes to the mullioned and transomed windows and moulded parapet above him.

1881 Athenæum 13 Aug. 216/1 The hall..is lighted by three transomed windows.

transomer n. (?) a case or slip for a bolster: cf. sense 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > bedclothes > [noun] > pillow-case

pillow-berec1387

codbere1411

bed-bere1420

bere1440

transomer1459

codware?1488

pillow coat1534

tow1535

ware1551–2

pillow-tye1558

pilliver1582

pillowcase1633

pillow cover1644

pillowslip1793

slip1800

1459 Paston Lett. I. 480 Canvas in the Warderop and fyne Lynen Clothe of dyvers sortes..ix. berys for fetherbeddys. Item, iiij. transomers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	transom
释义	transomn. /ˈtransəm/ Forms: Middle English traunsum, traunsom, traunsone, trampsoun, trampsown, tramson, 1500s trawnsom, ( transumpt), transume, transame, 1500s–1600s transam, 1500s–1800s transum, transome, 1600s transumme, 1500s– transom. Etymology: Late Middle English traunsum, -som, of obscure history; but apparently (as held by Prof. Skeat), a corruption of Latin transtrum, of which it is the exact equivalent in sense. Latin transtrum was a derivative of trans, or the root tra- across, with the instrumental -trum = Greek -τρον, Indo-European -tro^m.No connecting forms between transtrum and transum have been found; but perhaps the latter was a workmen's corruption, which had assumed this form before it came to be written down: compare pediment n. (Florio's spelling transtroms in 1598 and 1611 can only be taken as his own emendation of the English word after Italian transtri; he knew also the form transoms.) The obscurity of the history is increased by the fact that senses 5, 6 and the combination transom-nail are known of earlier date than the architectural and naval senses, which being those of Latin transtrum would etymologically be earlier. 1. a. In building, etc.: A cross-beam or cross-piece, esp. one spanning an opening to carry a superstructure; a lintel. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > members of pan1284 balka1300 lacec1330 pautre1360 dorman1374 rib1378 montant1438 dormant?1454 transom1487 ground-pillar?a1500 barge-couple1562 spar foot1579 frankpost1587 tracing1601 sleeper1607 bressumer1611 master-beam1611 muntin1611 discharge1620 dormer1623 mounting post1629 tassel1632 baufrey1640 pier1663 storey post1663 breastplate?1667 mudsill1685 template1700 brow-post1706 brow-stone1761 runner1772 stretching beam1776 pole plate1787 sabliere1800 frame stud1803 bent1815 mounting1819 bond-timber1823 storey rod1823 wall-hold1833 wall-strap1833 truss-block1883 sleeper-beam1937 shell1952 1487–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 137 Item, for v quarteres for traunsones, x d. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xiii. f. 140 I hytte my heed ageynst the soyle or transumpt. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Transtra, transoms which do go ouerwhart a house, also the seates [etc.]. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. x. f. 84^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I They are inforced for want of stuffe to vse no studdes at all, but only raysines, groundselles, transomes, and vpright principalles. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Transtri, crosse or ouerthwart beames, transtroms [1611 Transtroms or crosse-beames]. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Trasti... Also a transome or beame going crosse a house [1611 transoms or crosse beames]. ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 63 Suppose a Shop-window to be twenty foot front,..the Brest~summer will take up twenty six foot of Timber,.. the two Transums for the Stalls eight foot. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 18 [An arch] whose two Lintel-Posts, and Transome, are of three whole Stones. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxi. 12 [The Temple of Diana at Ephesus] Its doors..surmounted by transoms so vast and solid that the aid of miracles was invoked to account for their elevation. b. The transverse top-beam of a gallows, a swing, or the like; the lintel stone of a trilith. ΚΠ 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 56 Swinging vp and downe, as boyes do in bell-ropes: for which there be gallowses..of an exceeding height..by two ioyning ropes that are fastned aboue, they will swing themselues as high as the transome. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 112 (Stonehenge) The transomes, or over-thwart stones, are quite plain. 1878 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times (ed. 4) v. 116 Circles of uprights and transoms at Stonehenge. c. A beam resting across a saw-pit to support the log. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench > for sawing Jack1580 sawing trestle1611 horse1718 saw-horse1775 buck1817 trestle1823 sawing-bench1845 sawing horse1846 sawing stool1846 wood-horse1849 sawbuck1855 transom1885 1885 Cheshire Gloss. Transom, the cross piece of wood that holds up the log on a saw-pit. A back-transom is a spare one always kept under the log for safety. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Transum, a cross bearer used by sawyers to support the end of the piece. A spare support thrown across the pit would be also called a transum. 2. a. A horizontal bar of wood or stone across a mullioned window, dividing it in height; also, a crossbar separating a door from the fanlight above it (Ogilvie, 1882). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar monial1332 sodlet1332 stay-bar1399 transom1502 mullion1556 munnion1571 calm1577 leading1597 window bar1612 stroke1684 came1688 leads1705 saddle-bar?1733 transom-shaft1813 sash bar1837 baluster1844 baluster column1844 supermonial1846 supermullion1846 astragal1858 wagtail1940 1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 25 To John Conewey smyth for foure transoms and xij standardes [of iron for a window]. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 68 Foour great wyndoz a froont,..euery one a fiue foot wide, az many mo eeuen abooue them, diuided on all parts by a Transum & Architraue. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Meneau de fenestre, the transome, or cross-barre of a window. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 19 The middle Transoms of them [sc. windows] above six foot..since otherwise the middle Transome would be opposite to a mans eye. 1805 T. West's Antiq. Furness 365 The wooden mullions and transoms contained in the great [window] were placed there in 1796. 1871 Athenæum 29 July 151 The lancet windows of the principal story are long triplets, of ample width, and divided horizontally by broad transoms of sculptured work. b. Short for transom-window n. at Compounds 2: A window divided by a transom; also a small window above the lintel of a door. U.S. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > transom window transom-window1688 transom1844 1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen v. 83 The transom, that looks long-wise through the street. 1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 893 In trying to climb through the transom into the car he took hold of the guide rope. 1883 Cent. Mag. 25 588/2 The dim light that streamed into the room from the transom. 1908 W. Churchill Mr. Crewe's Career x The buzz of talk which he had heard through the closed transom. 3. In technical applications. †a. The vane of a cross-staff (cross-staff n. 2): see quot. 1696. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > measuring altitude > [noun] > cross-staff > limb of transitory?1574 transom1594 transversary1595 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > cross-staff > limb of transitory?1574 transom1594 transversary1595 thirty-cross1726 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vii. xii. f. 312 A new kind of Crosse staffe, hauing 3. transoms or crosses. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Transome,..the Vane of a Cross Staff, or Wooden Member, to be set a-cross the cross Staff, having a Socket in it, upon which it slides stiff upon the Square of the Cross Staff, and may be set to any of the Graduations of it. †b. The transverse member in a cross. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [noun] > anything lying transversely > part of a cross transversary1584 transom1615 transversea1634 traversion1658 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 184 For it [the Cross of Christ] was framed..of foure seuerall woods; the foot of Cedar, the bole of Cypresse, the transome of Palme, and the title of Oliue. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus i, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 96 Some [crosses] being right, and of one single peece without traversion or transome. 1864 R. S. Hawker Quest Sangraal 33 [The Southern Cross] a Pentacle of stars, whereof two shone for the Transome and three for the Stock. c. A cross-piece connecting the cheeks of a gun-carriage. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] > other parts of carriage tail-pin1497 brack1622 head-plate1647 transom1688 prise-bolt1705 bracket1753 bracket-bolt1753 pintle1769 rider1779 trail-plate-eye1828 cleat1834 wheel-guard1860 spade1862 nave-hole1867 chassis1869 turntable1889 gun-crutch1898 trail-spade1904 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xviii. 138/2 The transomes, are the peeces of wood which hold the cheekes or Limbres togather. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 114 The 68-pounder carriage has, in addition to the breast transom.., a centre and horizontal one. 1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 289/1 Transoms, in artillery, pieces of wood which join the cheeks of gun-carriages. There is but one in a truck-carriage, placed under the trunnion-holes; and four in a wheel-carriage—the trail, the centre, the bed, and the breast-transoms. d. Carriage-building. In a perch-carriage, Each of two cross-timbers ( fore transom and hind transom) framed across the perch, and upon which the springs are fixed. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > frame of cart or carriage > other frame timbers sheth1496 summer?1523 everingsa1642 hoop-stick1794 nunter1794 transom1794 wain-trees1876 horn-bar1879 1794 W. Felton Treat. Carriages I. 63 The fore transom or fore spring bar, is the most essential part of the cross framings. It is a strong timber fixed to the perch by means of a hooping-piece. 1877 G. A. Thrupp Hist. Coaches ii. 32 The carriage is composed of a transom in front with a perch..fastened to it. e. Each of the transverse timbers joining the sides in the frame of a railway carriage bogie-truck. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of frame of under-frame1855 headstock1869 cant-rail1871 sill1874 transom1891 sole-bar1930 crib-rail1958 1891 in Cent. Dict. 1907 H. F. Parshall & H. M. Hobart Electr. Railway Engin. x. 451 In the case of a heavy motor there is usually a nose in the frame casting which rests on a bar carried by springs on the transom. f. plural. On a railway: Cross-timbers laid between (or, formerly, beneath) longitudinal sleepers. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > parts and fittings of rails > sleeper cross-tie1813 sleeper1837 longitudinal1838 transom1838 cross-sleeper1841 railroad tie1847 stringer1848 tie1857 pot sleeper1869 waybeam1880 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 341/1 On the Great Western Railway..the longitudinal sleepers have been laid on transoms and piles. 1872 Daily News 15 July For nearly a mile the transoms have been torn up and smashed, the ballast ploughed up, and the line otherwise injured. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 May 1/3 The ‘transoms’ are the cross-timbers which hold the longitudinal sleepers at their proper distance apart. g. The seat of a throne; also, a couch or seat built at the side of a cabin or state-room on board ship. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > other parts of body of vessel > [noun] > seat in a boat > at sides of cabin transom1847 society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne > seat of transom1896 1847 H. Melville Omoo lxxxii. 373 I would find the ship's articles on the cabin transom. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xvi. 81 Seated on the transom was what seemed to me a most uncommon and surprising figure. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius vii The Duke was extended on a transom. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius ix He sat down on the transom. 1896 Daily News 19 May 5/2 Each throne has also been furnished with new transomes covered with crimson velvet. 4. Shipbuilding. a. †A cross-beam in the frame of a ship (obsolete); spec. each of several transverse beams bolted to the stern-post, which support the ends of the decks and determine the breadth of the stern at the buttocks. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > deck or hold beams transom1545 beam1627 wing-transom1711 stool1797 hold-beam1801 breast beam1805 skid beam1846 beak-head-beam1850 cat-beam1850 deck-beam1858 main-transom1867 spale1867 1545 Bibliotheca Eliotæ Canonia, the transomes in a shyppe, whereon the hatches are made. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 94 They vnite and ioyne the plancks together..binding the same to many transomes that goe both crosse and longe wayes for the strength of the vessell. 1624 W. Monson Naval Tracts (Navy Rec. Soc.) IV. 47 The transom is a timber that lies athwart the stern, and lays out the breadth of the ship at the buttock, which is her breadth from her tuck upwards. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 319 The long boat at this time moored a-stern, was on a sudden canted so high, that it broke the transom of the Commodore's gallery. 1770 J. Cook Jrnl. 27 Jan. (1955) I. 240 The Carpenters..[were employed] in fixing a Transom for the want of which the Tiller has often been in danger of being broke. 1872 R. D. Blackmore Maid of Sker I. xiii. 132 Part of the taffrail was carried away,..but the transom and transom-knees stood firm. b. Short for transom-frame n. at Compounds 2; hence in Boat-building, a board similar in shape and position to a transom-frame: see quot. 1857. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [noun] > framework of stern-frame1815 transom1857 transom-frame1874 1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 28 The stern-post is scarfed on, and upon it comes the transom, that heart-shaped piece of board, found in all cutter-built boats, and secured to the sax-board by transom grips or horizontal knees. †5. Short for transom-nail n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nail > small tingle1292 transom-nail1359 transom1423 1423 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 448/4 Hornchurch. Transom. 1 m. @/10. 1427 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 65 Also payd for ij^ml traunsum, þe m^l x d..xx d. Also pay for iij m^l sprigge, þe m^l ix d..xxvij d. †6. ? A bolster; or part of a bedstead answering the same purpose. Obsolete.The editor of the Bury Wills remarks ‘the transome is usually considered to be that part of the bedstead which is between the two head-posts.. but the general association of the word with feather beds would lead us to think the bolster was meant’. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > pillow or bolster pilloweOE wangerc900 bolsterOE pilliverOE cod1392 transom1459 bed-head1483 hacoyte?1541 cod-pillow1569 tye1615 heading1847 weeping willow1880 1459 [see transomer n. at Derivatives]. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 ij peyre of good shetes, the trampsoun, the costerys of that chambyr. 1479 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 53 A traunson. ?1484 Will of Margaret Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 388 To John Heythe a materas with a traunsom, a peir shetes, a peir blankettes, and a couerlight. 1522 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 115 A ffetherbed, ij trawnsoms, a matras, ij pelowes, iiij payer of schetes. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Niii^v/2 Y^e Transome of a bed, trabula.] Compounds C1. General attributive. a. transom-shaft n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar monial1332 sodlet1332 stay-bar1399 transom1502 mullion1556 munnion1571 calm1577 leading1597 window bar1612 stroke1684 came1688 leads1705 saddle-bar?1733 transom-shaft1813 sash bar1837 baluster1844 baluster column1844 supermonial1846 supermullion1846 astragal1858 wagtail1940 1813 W. Scott Rokeby v. 210 The moon through transom-shafts of stone, Which crossed the latticed oriels, shone. transom-stone n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > [noun] > lintel overdooreOE lintela1425 soil1519 lintern1533 hance1534 linterel1548 hance-head1618 cap1688 transom-stone1770 lintel-piece1842 pare1897 soldier arch1963 1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 53 In the interstices between the upright and transome stories of Stone-henge. b. transom-shaped adj. 2b. ΚΠ 1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen v. 82 The transom-shaped windows suspended over your head. C2. transom-bar n. U.S. the crossbar over a door having a fanlight above it. ΚΠ 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Transom-bar. † transom-eyed adj. Obsolete having a transom or beam (beam n.¹ 3c) in the eye. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > hypocrisy > [adjective] whiteda1225 hypocritec1380 papelarda1500 dissimuling?1518 dissembling1526 Pharisaical1527 hypocritish1531 masking1538 hypocritic1540 hypocritely1541 hypocritical1553 mimic1591 transom-eyed1601 tonguey1612 sanctimoniousa1616 Pharisaica1618 crocodilian1632 hypocrital1658 canting1663 double-minded1727 Tartufish1768 dissimulating1794 dissimulative1802 sawneying1808 sham-Abra(ha)m1828 Tartuffian1872 Pecksniffian1874 mawwormish1883 Chadbandian1908 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 67 Thus these transam-eyed hypocrites can spie small motes in Vs. transom-frame n. Shipbuilding the aftermost ‘square-frame’ of a ship, giving shape to and supporting the stern, and bolted to the stern-post. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [noun] > framework of stern-frame1815 transom1857 transom-frame1874 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 85 A deep transverse frame, termed a ‘transom frame’, situated at the fore ends of the rudder-post, and connected thereto. transom-grip n. Boat-building an angular fastening analogous to a transom-knee. ΚΠ 1857Transom-grip [see sense 4b]. transom-knee n. Shipbuilding each of the curved timbers or angle-irons by which the transoms are fastened to the stern-timbers. ΚΠ 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Courbes d'arcasse, the transom-knees, or sleepers. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 156 Transom-knees, knees bolted to the transoms and the side of the ship. transom-lattice n. a transverse lattice. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > other types of speer1379 traverse1400 transom-lattice1689 blind1730 window blind1730 spire1768 Venetian window-blind1769 window shade1789 tatty1792 tat1810 Japanese screen1872 fusuma1880 curtain1895 mosquito door1929 tuku-tuku1936 fly-wire door1952 table screen1971 1689 E. Howard Caroloiades 273 A transom Lattise did divide that Room. Categories » transom-lifter n. U.S. an apparatus for controlling and fastening the fanlight over a door. † transom-nail n. Obsolete a small size of nail, formerly in use; ? a lath nail. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nail > small tingle1292 transom-nail1359 transom1423 1359 Letter-bk. G. London lf. 83 Item in D. de lathes ij s. iij d. & ob. Item in Ml. & D. de trasonna(i)l, xviij d. Item in Ml. & D. de Sprig' xv d. 1424 Hornchurch Account 2 & 3 Hen. VI. (New Coll. Oxf. Oxf.) In .Ml. de traunsumnayl emptis pro domo capellani..x.d. transom-rib n. a transverse rib. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > rib ogive1290 rib1608 branch1793 vaulting rib1830 nook-rib1835 surface rib1835 transom-rib1835 wall-rib1835 lierne1842 cross-rib1858 formeret1872 1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages vii. 85 The principal distinction between these [kinds of vaulting] and our own fan vaulting, is the substitution of lozenge-headed compartments in the fans for the English horizontal transom rib. Categories » transom road n. U.S. a railway track on longitudinal sleepers with transoms between them. Categories » transom-stern n. Shipbuilding a vessel's stern formed by or taking its shape from a transom. transom-window n. = 2b. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > transom window transom-window1688 transom1844 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 473/2 A Transome window, hath Cross barrs in it, at the third part of its height. 1817 D. Lysons & S. Lysons Magna Brit. V. p. ccxxxix The state apartments are spacious and lofty, with numerous large transom windows. Derivatives ˈtransomed adj. /-səmd/ divided by or having a transom or transoms. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [adjective] > transom window transomed1848 1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 276 The window is transomed midway. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. i. 3 Lifting his eyes to the mullioned and transomed windows and moulded parapet above him. 1881 Athenæum 13 Aug. 216/1 The hall..is lighted by three transomed windows. transomer n. (?) a case or slip for a bolster: cf. sense 6. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > bedclothes > [noun] > pillow-case pillow-berec1387 codbere1411 bed-bere1420 bere1440 transomer1459 codware?1488 pillow coat1534 tow1535 ware1551–2 pillow-tye1558 pilliver1582 pillowcase1633 pillow cover1644 pillowslip1793 slip1800 1459 Paston Lett. I. 480 Canvas in the Warderop and fyne Lynen Clothe of dyvers sortes..ix. berys for fetherbeddys. Item, iiij. transomers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1359
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