| 释义 |
tragacanthn. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin tragacantha, tragacanthum. Etymology: < classical Latin tragacantha shrub of the genus Astragulus (Pliny; also tragacanthum (neuter) gum produced by this shrub (Celsus)) < Hellenistic Greek τραγάκανθα shrub of the genus Astragulus < ancient Greek τράγος he-goat (see tragus n.) + ἄκανθα thorn (see acanthus n.). Compare earlier dragant n. and later adragant n., dragon n.2 Compare also gum tragacanth n.Foreign-language parallels. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French dragagant , Middle French dragagan , tragacante , Middle French, French †tragacanth , French tragacanthe , †tragagant gum produced by the shrubs of the genus Astragalus (13th cent. or earlier in Old French as dragagant (compare dragant n.); forms with initial tr- are attested from 1597), any of various shrubs belonging to the genus Astragalus (16th cent. in an isolated attestation as tragacanth ; 1603 as dragacant ; subsequently from 1690), Spanish tragacanta (1606 as †tragacantha ), denoting the plant, tragacanto (1599), denoting the gum, Portuguese tragacanto (1661 as †tragacantho ), denoting both the plant and the gum, Italian †tragacante (a1498), denoting the plant, †tragacanta (1560 or earlier), denoting the gum (the usual modern Italian word is adragante adragant n.). Compare also German (now rare) Tragacanth (1555, originally with Latin inflectional ending as tragacantha ), (now usually) Tragant (1595; also Traganth ), Swedish †tragakant , †tragant (both 1578; the modern Swedish form is dragant dragant n.). Notes on forms. In form tragacanthae at β. forms reflecting the Latin genitive singular. In γ. forms with omission of the ending (compare also the French parallels). In form tragacinth at γ. forms perhaps by association with hyacinth n. With the δ. forms compare the French forms in -gant . With the ε. forms compare classical Latin tracanta, tracantum (Celsus), shortened < tragacantha , tragacanthum , and also dragant n. In later use probably partly after German Tragant, Traganth (see above). In ζ. forms apparently with alteration after acanthus n. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > gums and viscid products > [noun] > gum resins society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli ii. f. lixv Take Thymiama a pounde,..coales of Willowe and Tracagantum asmuche as you wyll: but stiepe or temper the poulder of the coales, and the Tracagantum with rose water, and let it lie so three daies a stiepe in the same water, and then make therof paste. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner 204 Take water of cleare Turpintine, as muche as can be gotten out of.ii.pounds of it: put therein halfe an ounce of Masticke, iii.ounces of white Frankensence, halfe an ounce of Tragacantha. 1568 G. Skeyne vii. sig. B8 Of thir pulderis odoriferous ballis may be maid in Vynter, with stirace. In Sommer with vatter of rosis & tragacanthe; eikand thairtill..sa meikill of ladane as salbe thocht expedient. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. xiii. xxi. 398 A pound of Tragacanth [Fr. Dragant] is worth thirteen deniers Romane. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon 283 Vineger, in which Tragacanth hath been infused. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. I. 181 This Gum, which we usually call Traganth or Tragacanth [Fr. la Gomme Tragagant, que nous appellons ordinairement Adragan], is a white curl'd Gum made like little Worms. 1794 J. Elliot (ed. 4) 41 Where greasy medicines disagree, give mucilages of linseed, tragacanth, or quince seeds. 1837 25 Mar. 949/1 Tragacanth flows only in abundance during the night and a little after sunrise. 1875 H. C. Wood (1879) 577 Tragacanth is used in medicine only in the manufacture of troches and in suspending heavy powders. 1918 7 789 Karaya gum is used extensively in India as a substitute for tragacanth in the preparation of sweetmeats. 1983 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco iii. 242 I sniffed a pungent smell of traganth, alum, and tartar. 2003 C. F. Neal ii. 17 Tragacanth is sold in the food industry in five different grades, ranging from weak to strong. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > Asian > tragacanth bush 1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 130 in tr. Lanfranc A pricky shrubbe, called also Tragacantha..whose roote is broad, wooddy, & stiffe in the toppe of the turfe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. xiii. xxi. 398 The same Iland hath the bush Tragacanth [Fr. Tragacantha; L. tragacantham] growing in it. 1736 ii. iii. 300 Columbines, Spireas,..Spanish Broom,..Tragacantha. 1787 R. W. Darwin Index 233 Goat's-thorn; or Tragacanth... Astragalus tragacantha. 1805 (Bath & West of Eng. Soc.) X. 9 Many plants indeed require little or no earth for their vegetation, such as the numerous Lichens and Tragacanths. 1904 J. A. Thomson & M. R. Thomson tr. A. Weismann I. vi. 125 (caption) Tragacanth (Astragalus tragacantha). 2008 E. Gabrielian & O. Fragman-Sapir 14 Tragacanths occur in patches on dry, naked, stony, soil-less slopes. Compounds1764 87 (heading) Compound Tragacanth Powder, of the London Dispensatory. 1813 W. Milburn I. 110 Tragacanth gum, or as it is usually called gum dragon. 1879 8 Nov. 580/1 The tragacanth draught of the ancient Sophists is tolerated. 1912 84 156 Tragacanth gum is obtained from the shrubs of the Astragalus genus. 1992 8 Apr. 3/5 I was making up hair fixative, ghastly stuff, mixing tragacanth gum with eau-de-Cologne. 2009 S. Schmidt et al. ii. 128/1 The dominating group among them are tragacanth bushes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1558 |
