tragan.

Brit.

/ˈtrɑːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈtrɑɡə/

Forms: 1800s tarakaw, 1800s– traga, 1900s– tragu, 2000s– traagu.

Origin: A borrowing from Gujarati. Etymon: Gujarati trāgũ.

Etymology: < Gujarati trāgũ obstinacy, stubbornness (plural trāgã; < the same Indic base as Hindi tagṛā strong, vigorous, further etymology uncertain), apparently influenced in sense by Urdu taqāẓā and its etymon Persian taqāẓā demand (e.g. for payment), derivative of qāẓy to judge, decree < Arabic qaḍā to judge, decree (see cadi n.).

In India: a means of demanding compliance with a request or claim, effected by the complainant self-harming or committing suicide, or by injuring or killing a close family member, with the intention of bringing dishonour upon the offender. Also: an instance of this. Cf. dharna n.

ΚΠ

1813 J. Forbes Oriental Mem. II. xviii. 91 As a privileged order they [sc. the Bhauts] are exempted from taxes, and every attempt to levy an assessment is succeeded by the Tarakaw, a most horrid mode of murdering themselves and each other..; for were they voluntarily to submit to any imposition..[they would suffer] ignominy and excommunication.

1862 Littell's Living Age 8 Feb. 347/2 The Bhats..considered the demand..a violation of their rights from time immemorial established..and prepared for resistance by Traga.

1895 Kathiawar Law Rep. IV. 317 One person killed an old woman, who voluntarily suffered herself to die, in a traga, and another stood by abetting the offence..held that the murder was culpable homicide not amounting to murder.

1941 L. S. O'Malley Mod. India & West i. 32 In recognition of their position as a privileged class the Bhats received stipends or assignments of land revenue free; and an attempt to assess them was followed by traga.

1986 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 19 July 1277/3 The existing practices such as traga, or hartal, are important for an understanding of avoidance ritual because both techniques eschew violence against the party conceived to have given offence.

2006 S. Yashaschandra in V. R. Mehta & T. Pantham Polit. Ideas in Mod. India ii. vii. 135 Traagu, unlike dharanu, is a means to produce terror to force one's own demands on another or others.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	traga
释义	tragan. Brit. /ˈtrɑːɡə/, U.S. /ˈtrɑɡə/ Forms: 1800s tarakaw, 1800s– traga, 1900s– tragu, 2000s– traagu. Origin: A borrowing from Gujarati. Etymon: Gujarati trāgũ. Etymology: < Gujarati trāgũ obstinacy, stubbornness (plural trāgã; < the same Indic base as Hindi tagṛā strong, vigorous, further etymology uncertain), apparently influenced in sense by Urdu taqāẓā and its etymon Persian taqāẓā demand (e.g. for payment), derivative of qāẓy to judge, decree < Arabic qaḍā to judge, decree (see cadi n.). In India: a means of demanding compliance with a request or claim, effected by the complainant self-harming or committing suicide, or by injuring or killing a close family member, with the intention of bringing dishonour upon the offender. Also: an instance of this. Cf. dharna n. ΚΠ 1813 J. Forbes Oriental Mem. II. xviii. 91 As a privileged order they [sc. the Bhauts] are exempted from taxes, and every attempt to levy an assessment is succeeded by the Tarakaw, a most horrid mode of murdering themselves and each other..; for were they voluntarily to submit to any imposition..[they would suffer] ignominy and excommunication. 1862 Littell's Living Age 8 Feb. 347/2 The Bhats..considered the demand..a violation of their rights from time immemorial established..and prepared for resistance by Traga. 1895 Kathiawar Law Rep. IV. 317 One person killed an old woman, who voluntarily suffered herself to die, in a traga, and another stood by abetting the offence..held that the murder was culpable homicide not amounting to murder. 1941 L. S. O'Malley Mod. India & West i. 32 In recognition of their position as a privileged class the Bhats received stipends or assignments of land revenue free; and an attempt to assess them was followed by traga. 1986 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 19 July 1277/3 The existing practices such as traga, or hartal, are important for an understanding of avoidance ritual because both techniques eschew violence against the party conceived to have given offence. 2006 S. Yashaschandra in V. R. Mehta & T. Pantham Polit. Ideas in Mod. India ii. vii. 135 Traagu, unlike dharanu, is a means to produce terror to force one's own demands on another or others. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1813
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