translatev.

Brit.

/trɑːnzˈleɪt/,

/tranzˈleɪt/,

/trɑːnsˈleɪt/,

/transˈleɪt/, U.S.

/trænzˈleɪt/,

/træn(t)sˈleɪt/,

/ˈtrænzˌleɪt/,

/ˈtræn(t)sˌleɪt/

Forms: Middle English tranlate, Middle English transelate, Middle English transulate, Middle English–1500s traunslate, Middle English– translate, 1500s–1600s translat; also Scottish pre-1700 translait, pre-1700 translat, pre-1700 transulat. Also past tense Middle English trrnslate (transmission error), Middle English–1500s translat, Middle English–1500s translate. Also past participle Middle English tranlat, Middle English tranlate, Middle English transolate, Middle English–1500s translat, Middle English–1500s translate; Scottish pre-1700 translait, pre-1700 translatt.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French translater; Latin translāt-, transferre.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman tranlater, Anglo-Norman and Middle French translater (French translater ) to convert (a text) into another language (first half of the 12th cent. in Old French; rare and archaic in modern French), to transport (a person or thing) from one place to another (mid 12th cent.), to remove (a bishop) from one see to another, to transfer (the remains of a saint or other significant person) from one place to another (both late 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin translāt-, past participial stem of transferre transfer v.Compare post-classical Latin translatare to convert (a text) from one language into another (7th cent.), to remove (a bishop) from one see to another, to remove (the remains of a saint) (8th cent.), to transcribe (12th cent.). Compare also Old Occitan transladar , translatar , traslatar (beginning of the 12th cent.), Catalan traslladar (beginning of the 15th cent.), Spanish trasladar (early 13th cent.), Portuguese transladar (14th cent.), Italian traslatare (early 13th cent.). For the usual verbs in the sense ‘to convert (a text) into another language’ in modern use in the Romance languages see traduce v. Specific forms. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).

I. To convert from one language to another and related senses.

a. transitive. To convert or render (a word, a work, an author, a language, etc.) into another language; to express or convey the meaning of (a word or text) using equivalent words in a different language. Frequently with from or into. Also with as or complement specifying the translation of a given word or phrase.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)]

setc888

wendeOE

turnc1175

writec1275

drawa1325

translatea1375

expound1377

takea1382

interpret1382

transpose1390

remue?a1400

renderc1400

put?a1425

to draw outa1450

reducec1450

compile1483

redige?1517

make1529

traducea1533

traduct1534

converta1538

do1561

to set out1597

transcribe1639

throw1652

metaphrase1868

versionize1874

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 167 For he of frensche þis fayre tale ferst dede translate.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 232 Þis ilk bok it es translate In to Inglis tong to rede.

c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 255 Thow hast translatid the romauns of the rose.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 236 I..haue y-translatid to youre excellence by this boke afor, the techynges [etc.].

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 29 He hath so exquysitly translated the testament.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xxxi. 49 Doctour Phaer one that..excellently well translated into English verse Heroicall certaine bookes of Virgils Æneidos.

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 201 These lawes war..translated out of Franche into Duche.

1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xli 'Tis only for a Poet to Translate a Poet.

1725 Bibliotheca Biblica III. App. p. xlvi The name Nephilim which we translate Giants, may litterally signifie, Fallers on, those who throw themselves against any one, who attack him.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 62 Johnson: Poetry..cannot be translated; and, therefore, it is the poets that preserve languages.

1828 J. Raine St. Cuthbert 113 The Latin name of this officer was Feretrarius, which I translate Feretrar, or Shrine Keeper.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §1. 342 Retiring to Hamburg Tyndale translated the Gospels and Epistles.

1922 Classical Jrnl. 17 211 The requirement that the student be able to translate Latin into idiomatic English.

1959 Washington Post 26 Nov. c2/2 She also translated poetry from Greek, Italian, French and German.

1981 W. Allen As I walked down New Grub St. ix. 199 In his forced retirement, he settled down to translating Shakespeare into Czech.

2003 J. Sherzer Stories, Myths, Chants & Songs Kuna Indians ii. x. 193 I translate it [sc. the expression muu kunwa] as ‘sparklings of the waves’.

b. intransitive. To convert or render something from one language into another language; to practise translation; to make a translation. Frequently with from (also †out of) or into.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (intransitive)]

translatea1387

interpret1576

translate1812

word1935

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 39 (MED) Alle þese translated [L. transtulerunt] out of [?a1475 anon. tr. from] Hebrewe into Grewe; Meny translated out of Grewe into Latyn; but at þe laste Ierom translatede [L. transtulit] out of Hebrewe in to Latyn.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 735 Yet as myn auctor spak so wold I speke, Sith I translate, and looth am from hym breke.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 43 (MED) Eleazar sent him lxx wel lerned men, whech þe kyng put in sundri houses, and ech of hem translate be himselue.

1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus Exhort. Studye Script. sig. C.ij He vsing this worde wythdrawe, doth both well interprete or translate, and by so translatynge also notably and playnly doth expounde what is naturally signified by the greke and laten examples.

1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 253 If you translate out of the Latine speach, into the Greeke.

1641 R. West in J. Wilkins Mercury sig. A7^v This Dutchman writes a Comment, that Translates, A Third Transcribes.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. iv. 198 This is to translate, and not to define, when we change two Words of the same Signification one for another.

1706 Brief Def. Transl. 5 in Holy David & Old Eng. Translators The same Collection of Texts does as effectually prove, that they did not Translate from the Vulgar Latin for the most part.

1768 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 2 Sept. He..translates and copies for merchants and the public, with accuracy and dispatch.

1831 T. B. Macaulay in Edinb. Rev. Sept. 36 Sometimes Johnson translated aloud.

1871 N. Amer. Rev. July 180 Müller translates as follows.

1954 E. Muir Autobiogr. x. 230 She could not speak English and he could not speak German, and..my wife had to translate for each of them in turn.

1961 W. Brandon Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 82/1 She could talk to Aguilar in Yucatecan Maya, and Aguilar could then translate into Castilian for Cortes.

2014 M. Anniss How does Voice Recognition Work? v. 41 A portable speech recognition device that can translate from Arabic to English, and back again.

c. intransitive. Of a language, word, text, etc.: to be able to be converted or rendered into another language. Usually with adverb, as well. Also with as or complement specifying the translated word or phrase.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (intransitive)]

translatea1387

interpret1576

translate1812

word1935

1812 S. T. Coleridge in R. Southey Omniana II. clxxvii. 30 Claudian throughout would translate better than any of the ancients.

1856 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 18 The sentence, which translates literally as above, is accommodated in manner following to the English idiom.

1924 Scotsman 3 May 7/2 Italian literature did not translate well: it should be read in the original.

1940 F. Thone Microsc. World vii. 82 This deliberate locomotion is presumably responsible for their scientific name, Tardigrada, which translates loosely as ‘slow-steppers’.

1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 May 21/1 Caricatures..were known as ritrattini carichi or portraits chargés—charged portraits, although the term hardly translates well into English.

2017 Etnofoor 29 12/1 Literally, ziyou translates from Chinese as ‘self-follow’, a principle, in other words, of following one's own route.

†2. transitive. Rhetoric. To use (a word or phrase) in a metaphorical, figurative, or transferred sense; cf. translation n. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > express with figure of meaning [verb (transitive)] > express metaphorically or figuratively > use metaphorically or figuratively

translate1534

invert1589

transfer1592

tropologize1678

1534 N. Udall Floures for Latine Spekynge gathered oute of Terence f. 69 Blandiri belongeth proprely to touching and handlynge, and by vnpropre vsynge it is by metaphore translated and referred to other partes of the body, ye & many tymes to the mynde.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique f. 88 Fourthly, that woordes translated from one significacion to another, (called of the Grecians, Tropes) bee vsed to beautifie the sentence, as precious stones are set in a ryng, to commende the golde.

1646 J. Brinsley Araignment Present Schism 13 Here is the proper signification of the word. By a Metaphor it is translated from inanimate things unto men, and applied to their divisions.

1695 R. South Tritheism 212 This whole new assertion is founded upon nothing but meer Trope and Metaphor, translating Terms from their proper sensible signification to a figurative and spiritual.

1762 G. Barnes tr. Cicero Compl. Orator iii. 426 By the assumption of a similar circumstance, the words which are proper to that circumstance, are successively translated (as I called it before) to some other subject.

a. transitive. figurative. To express (a thing) in a different manner or medium; to interpret or explain the meaning of (a symbol, a person's actions, etc.); to convert or adapt (an idea, an artwork, etc.) from one form, condition, system, or context into another.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > expression > [verb (transitive)] > express one thing as another

translate1584

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] > character

reada1425

translate1584

expound1605

1584 E. Paget tr. J. Calvin Harmonie vpon Three Euangelists 171 The summe is, thet they had translated the doctrine of the lawe to a politike order, as if it sufficed to doe the outward dueties.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1546/2 They translated their barbarous musicke into a sorrowfull song, and..they called to God for the good health and returne of their best freend sir Thomas Scot, and that with a generall and continuall outcrie, euen in their old accustomed tune & time.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. i. 2 There's matter in these sighes, these profound heaues, You must translate .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iii. 44 He hath studied her will; and translated her will: out of honesty, into English.

a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) iv. 52 If these Laws were but translated into practice by flesh and bloud, by men and women..this would beget other manner of thoughts in the hearts and consciences of the World (generally) concerning them.

1799 tr. J. de la Fontaine Family of Halden III. 9 The game-keeper translated Hennig's silence, looks, and sighs, into so many distinct words.

1838 Christian Examiner & Gen. Rev. Sept. 23 Here is an approach at least, not wholly unsuccessful, to a power of translating music into words.

1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 61 The emblem has been translated into a fact, or rather into a miracle.

1892 B. F. Westcott Gospel of Life 58 Right Doctrine is an inexhaustible spring of strength if it be translated into deed.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 26 Mar. 1/2 The delightful Norwegian master who..translates the nature of Norway..into music.

1920 E. B. Havell Handbk. Indian Art III. 211 The Rāg-mālas, or melody-pictures, in which Indian music is translated into pictorial terms.

1950 ‘G. Orwell’ Shooting Elephant 18 I had been unequal to translating Réaumur into Fahrenheit, but I know that my temperature was round about 103.

1990 J. Eberts & T. Ilott My Indecision is Final xlvi. 487 A book that is short on drama and long on mood and style is not easily translated into a musical film.

2001 S. W. Littlejohn & K. Domenici Engaging Communication in Confl. i. 22 Within a short time, action committees were formed to translate the ideas generated at the summit conference into concrete action.

b. intransitive. With into. To result in, to be converted into.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > result [verb (intransitive)]

followOE

sue?c1225

arisec1275

fallc1300

result?a1425

ensue1483

enfollow1485

issuea1500

rebounda1500

succeed1537

terminate1613

concludea1639

depend1655

eventuate1814

ultimatec1834

come1884

translate1919

1919 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 2 Jan. 7/2 The bill will translate into social reality and thus assure to the future the idealism with which and for which our country went to war.

1963 Sci. Amer. Sept. 129/2 This translates into a world consumption, outside the U.S., of only about $2 a head.

1975 Lamp (Exxon Corporation) Winter 11/2 Any delays in bringing fields into production could quickly translate into lower government revenues and an adverse impact on the balance of payments.

2011 Jrnl. Public Affairs Educ. 17 569 We..attempt to determine if this social integration translates into better academic outcomes.

c. intransitive. To admit of or bear conversion into another form, medium, or context.

ΚΠ

1920 Manch. Guardian 21 July 5/4 His choreographic ideas sometimes do not translate well into the idiom of a gentler personality.

1948 Irish Times 1 Sept. 4/4 The pompous and verbose circumlocutions of Le Fanu's dialogue do not translate too happily to the theatre.

1982–3 Handmade Winter 30 The rich patterns of traditional Fair Isle knitted garments translate beautifully into needlepoint.

2006 S. Mylnowski & F. Jacobs See Jane Write vi. 65 Just because it happened to you doesn't mean it belongs in your novel. This holds true for things that seem funny or cute or brilliant but just don't translate on the page.

2013 J. Lindsay Dexter's Final Cut 284 We certainly had chemistry. Perhaps it would translate to the screen.

4. transitive. To express or convey the meaning of (a word or text) using different words from within the same language, esp. with the aim of making the sense clearer to a reader, or with the aim of creating a different style of composition; to paraphrase. Usually with into.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > paraphrase > express in different words [verb (transitive)]

vary1580

paraphrast1583

translate1589

paraphrase1593

rehash1820

reword1892

réchauffer1899

1589 J. Throckmorton M. Some laid Open in his Coulers 31 That musicall Poet, that can so ingeniously translate rime into prose, and prose into rime againe.

1663 S. Cressy Roman-Catholick Doctr. i. 2 I believe the Ladies at least, were a little puzled..yet if those pompous Sounds were translated into plain English, not one of them but would easily see the sense, without other Dictionary than their own Cabinet.

1690 W. Temple Ess. Poetry 32 in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. The first Change of Poetry was made, by Translating it into Prose.

?1761 T. Robert (title) An essay on man... By Alexander Pope, Esq; Translated into prose, after the manner of the Rev. Mr. Hervey.

1788 P. Thicknesse Mem. & Anecd. I. 325 He would put his M.S. into the hands of some person who is qualified to translate his jargon into tolerable English.

1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 28 Translate any one of these sayings out of the artful metonyme which envelops it, and the trick is apparent.

1845 Amer. Rev. July 30/2 If the phrase, realizing the ideal, were translated into the phrase, actualizing the real, much ambiguity might be avoided.

1906 Christian Advocate 19 Apr. 551/2 When the slang word..comes to his tongue in extempore speech or composition, let him translate the slang into equally luminous and incisive words that are not slang.

1953 Philos. Rev. 62 274 It might therefore be suggested that Russell's statements concerning the structures of brain events, light rays, and flashes of lightning are to be translated into statements utilizing only the terms of the minimum vocabulary.

2006 K. Sparta Consultative Real Estate Agent ii. xi. 138 We need to be able to translate the legalese on the contract into simple language that the average eighth-grader could understand.

5. transitive. Computing. To convert (code, a program, etc.) from one language to another, e.g. from a high-level language to machine language. Cf. compile v. 2c.

ΚΠ

1948 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 3 76 These have the dual functions of translating tapes from the simple code used on the hand perforator to the more complicated but shorter code acceptable to the machine.

1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxv. 189 The manufacturer provides a program..which translates the assembly language into machine code.

2016 M. Sample in H. Lowood & R. Guins Debugging Game Hist. vii. 53 The compiler itself is a computer program, and it translates the lines of legible commands, conditionals, variables, functions, and loops into machine language.

6. transitive. Biology. To convert genetic information into the molecules and structures of which a living cell or organism is composed; spec. to use (the nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA) to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide or protein during its synthesis; to utilize the genetic information from (messenger RNA); to convert (a messenger RNA sequence) into a protein sequence. Frequently with into.With the spec. use cf. transcribe v. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [verb (transitive)] > transcribe or translate

translate1955

transcribe1962

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [verb (transitive)] > genetic techniques

transform1928

progeny-test1944

test-cross1950

translate1955

transcribe1962

1955 G. Gamow in Sci. Amer. Oct. 72/3 How is the DNA language of the chromosomes translated into the protein language of the enzymes?

1961 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. XXVI. 101/2 The information encoded in DNA must somehow be transmitted to the ribosomes where it is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain.

1977 D. E. Metzler Biochemistry xv. 936/2 The ribosome faithfully translates the genetic message, adding amino acids to the peptide chain until a stop codon is reached.

2013 A. Rutherford Creation: Future of Life i. 20 in Creation: Origin of Life The machinery that translates the DNA into working proteins is indifferent to its meaning, so reads the universal genetic code without species prejudice.

II. To convey from one place, position, etc., to another.

a. transitive. To convey or move (a person or thing) from one place to another; to transfer or transport (a person or thing); to exile or deport (a person or people). Also: spec. to transfer or move (an ecclesiastical see, a seat of government, etc.) from one place to another. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)]

remuea1325

movea1382

translatea1382

transfer1382

transfigurec1384

removea1387

to turn overa1425

transume1483

to carry about1496

traduce1546

transplant1555

transact1621

transmigrate1635

hand1642

to make over1713

recover1719

to carry over1850

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > church or place of worship > [verb (transitive)] > transport to different site

translatea1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Chron. viii. 11 Þe doȝter forsoþe of pharao he [sc. Solomon] translatide [L. transtulit] fro þe cite of dauiþ: in to þe hous þat he hadde bild to hir.

?a1425 Chron. Papacy l. 544 in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. (1942) 41 192 (MED) Clemement [read Clement]..translatid þe popis see fro Rome to auenyon.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. l. 205 (MED) Se wel that the cheef rote oon directe Be hool translate, vnto his summyte, Withouten hurt.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 77 The seete of the metropolitan of alle Wales, whiche was translate [L. translata] afterwarde to Meneuia.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 200 (MED) Salmanasar the grete kynge of assyriens..destruet al the lande of Samarie and token the childryn of Israel and tham translatid into his lande.

1540–1 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 227 To translait the meill merkate fra the croice to the est end of the town.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 5^v Plante and translate the crabbe tree, where..it please you and it will neuer beare sweete apple.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ii. i. 92 He translated the highest seat both of spirituall and temporall regiment to Ierusalem.

1663 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 472 After he had taken in another class of six there, he translated himself to the house of Arthur Tylliard an apothecary.

1729 J. Ogilvie tr. P. Giannone Civil Hist. Kingdom Naples I. Introd. p. vii Constantine was pleased to translate the Seat of the Empire to Constantinople, and of one, to make two Empires.

1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 47 Heat is translated among bodies in a certain manner, and electricity in another.

1830 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered (ed. 3) II. xv. xiii. 376 He to Jerusalem his camp translates.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Apr. 4 A discussion has arisen on the question whether the Charterhouse School ought or ought not to be translated into the country.

1932 J. G. F. Day & H. E. Patton Cathedrals Church of Ireland 105 Hugh de Rous, the first Anglo-Norman Bishop of Ossory, who translated the See from Aghavoe to Kilkenny, in 1202.

1948 C. Wildman tr. B. Constant Adolphe vi. 51 The various vicissitudes we had experienced together, caused every word, almost every gesture, to arouse memories which translated us into the past and filled us with an involuntary emotion.

1991 Continuity: Jrnl. Hist. No. 15. 47 He [sc. Henry Clay] defended the chartered privileges of the Kentucky Insurance Company and supported a movement to translate the capital from Frankfort to Lexington.

†b. transitive. To take away or remove (a benefit); to convey away (joy, influence, etc.). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings iv. 22 Translatid [L.V. c1450 Bodl. 277 taken awei] is þe glorie of god fro israel: for þi þat þe arke of god was takyn.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xxiv. 11 Translatid is þe ioȝe of þe lond, laft is in þe huge cite wildernesse.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7958 (MED) Þou sal þar-for noght dei, i wat, For drightin it þe has translat [a1400 Trin. Cambr. transolate].

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 5083 She wolde from Hercules translate The influence off his natyuyte, Helpe to reuerse his fame and eek his fate.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 155 (MED) When he hadde takyn of the fruyt of the tre of lyf, lyf of heuene was translatyd, and dethe entrede in-to the world, and inmortalite and euerlastyng lyf ȝede a-way and perischid and also ascencion to heuene.

8. transitive. To transfer or move (the dead body or relics of a saint, ruler, or other significant person) from one place to another.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Baruch ii. 24 Þou settedest þi woordis..þat translatid [L. profferentur] shulde ben þe bones of oure kingis & þe bones of oure faders fro þis place.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 45 Þere he [sc. Seynt Ethelwold] made an abbay of mynchouns, and translated seynt Swythyn his body out of þe eorþe.

a1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Royal) (1886) 135 (MED) Þes þre bodyes and þe relikes of þes iij kyngis were translate in to Melane.

a1500 (c1465) in J. Gairdner Three 15th-cent. Chrons. (1880) 33 (MED) Seint Thomas of Caunterbery was translatyd L yere aftir that he was martred.

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 49 Hys body was translat to Rome.

1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer vii. f. 178 Vigilantius a famous heretike was in like errour, that reliques of sainctes, and translating their bodies, was not sitting [sic] for the glorye of God.

1601 F. Godwin Catal. Bishops of Eng. 511 He translated the reliques of Saint Cutbert into the new Church, and bestowed a shryne vpon him.

1643 G. Fletcher Hist. Russia xxi. 216 His bodie they have translated of late into a sumptuous Church, near the Emperours house in Mosko, and have canonized him for a Saint.

1702 W. Sacheverell Acct. Isle of Man ii. 44 The Year following his [sc. the King's] Body was translated to the Isle of Hy.

1766 A. Bower Hist. Popes VII. 73 Clement..was buried in the Cathedral Church of St. Mary de Donis in Avignon: But in 1401 his Remains were translated from thence to the Church of the Celestines in the same City.

1816 J. Storer Hist. & Antiq. Cathedral Churches of Great Brit. II. Ely: p. (e) Sexburga..determined, sixteen years after her sister's decease, to translate her [sc. St Ethelreda's] body to a conspicuous situation in the church of Ely.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xv. §5. 518 The body of Harold, first buried under the cairn by Hastings, was afterwards translated to his own minster at Waltham.

1934 Times 20 July 13/1 The Bethleham Chapel, which contains the tomb of Dr. Woodrow Wilson..and also that of Admiral George Dewey, whose body was translated there from the Arlington National Cemetary early in 1925.

2003 T. Kren & S. McKendrick Illuminating the Renaissance ii. 215/1 Some of these relics had been translated from Constantinople to Saint-Antoine-de-Viennois in the eleventh century.

†9. transitive. To transfer (rulership, a country, etc.) from the possession or control of one person or people to another. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Chron. xii. 23 Þe princes..cam to dauiþ..þat þei translate [a1425 L.V. schulden translate; L. transferrent] þe rewme of Saul to hym.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9220 Þe Iuues now er put o state, And þair kingrik translate þat had four hundret yeir stand And fifte.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 232 (MED) Ȝif lordis leuen þis office, & meyntenen synful men..þei may drede þat here kyngdom & lordischipis schullen be translated in-to anoþer folk.

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 139 The monarche of the worlde and the dignitee of the souerayn empir was of olde tyme translated from the Assiriens to the Perciens to the Grekes.

?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers sig. A8 Then shall not youre..power, crowne, dignitie..be translated from you.

1583 R. Some Godlie Treat. Church sig. D6 After their returne from y^t captiuity, the Asmonits (which were not of the tribe of Iuda) translated the kingly authority to themselues.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 578 This Sherifedome was..translated hereditarily into the family of the Beauchamps.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 224 This Headship was translated to the King.

a1727 I. Newton Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) vi. 347 Cyrus having translated the Monarchy to the Persians, and Reigned seven years, was succeeded by his son Cambyses.

1771 Script.-dict. 36/2 Cambyses..begged they would not suffer the Magian impostor to translate the government to the Medes.

1875 Quiver Jan. 678/2 Abner flew into a towering passion, swore that he would translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and proceeded without delay to make good his oath.

1917 E. M. Jamison et al. Italy Mediaeval & Mod. 87 The Papacy translated the Empire from the Greeks to the Germans.

10. transitive. To take or convey (a living or deceased person, a soul, etc.) to heaven or the afterlife. Frequently used in relation to the biblical figures Enoch and Elijah who are said to have been assumed into heaven without dying.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [verb (transitive)] > convey to or place in > without death

translatec1384

the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [verb (transitive)] > convey to or place in > after death

translate1702

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xi. 5 By feith Enok is translatid [L. translatus est], that he schulde not se deeth; and he was not founden, for the Lord translatide [L. transtulit] him.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 213 And so schulde þe body..be translated and chaunged in þe blisse of heuene wiþ oute deienge and deeþ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9162 Helias was in þat siquare, Translated in a golden chiare.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 12 (MED) In þe toumbe of sayne Iohn men may fynd na thyng bot manna; for sum men saise his body was translated in to paradyse.

c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 78 Thus was þe soule of this blessed man translate on-to heuene and þe ded body kept up-on þe ground.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. iv. 10 He pleased God,..so that where as he lyued amonge synners, he translated him.

1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xlv. 298 He teacheth rather the gentiles, that there is an other life prepared for the seruauntes of God, & that the same is also dewe for the bodies, sins that Enoch was translated both in body & soule.

1601 N. Gibbons Questions & Disputations conc. Holy Script. v. 224 Whither Eliah that excellent Prophet was translated, thither also was Henoch this noble Patriarke receiued, before the floud.

1640 R. Baillie Ladensium Αὐτοκατάκρισις iv. 59 That she is now advanced above all the Angells to the highest created perfection that is possible to the daughter, mother, and spouse of God, and that her very bodie is alreadie translated to the heavens.

1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/1 That after a long and happy Enjoyment of this your Earthly Crown, you may be translated to one Immortal.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 6 As if the wretch, Who fell in battle..Pass'd off to Heaven, translated and not kill'd.

1820 tr. Apocryphal New Test. 111/2 She was ninety years old when the Lord translated her.

1892 W. Cather Lou, the Prophet in Hesperian 15 Oct. 10/1 It is thought that he was drowned and the quicksands of the river sucked his body under. But the little Dane boys in our country firmly believe that he was translatled [sic], like Enoch of old.

?1905 Proc. Brit. Acad. 1903–4 205 Here, and here alone, the Hyperborean land is an Elysium to which mortals are translated without dying.

1983 D. Cecil Portrait of Lamb I. iv. 62 Her mother, now translated into a better world.

2003 T. F. LaHaye & T. Ice End Times Controv. vii. 199 We know that Elijah was translated to heaven without dying.

11. transitive. To transfer or move (a bishop, minister, etc.) from one ecclesiastical post to another. Also: to transfer or appoint (an academic) to a post.

ΚΠ

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 441 (MED) Lanfrank, þre ȝere priour of Becco, was translated [L. translato] to þe abbay of Cadony.

?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) II. l. 26869 Iohan was translatede to Eborwik To gouern þe archebischoprik.

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 68 Whan any bishoprike fell, he would translate the bishops from one see to an other for the gaine of theyr fyrst fruites.

1567 in Coll. for Hist. Aberdeen & Banff (1843) 226 Johne Philpe, minister,..translatit to Dunbennane.

1637 D. Lupton tr. J. Verheiden Hist. Mod. Protestant Divines 301 For his singular Piety and Learning, he was by Queene Elizabeth translated to the Bishopricke of Exceter.

1660 J. Barwick Hieronikes 91 This Reverend Bishop having so well discharged himself of his duty in those places he had formerly sustained in the Church, it was his Majesties pleasure to have him translated to the See of Duresme.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Suppl. to Hist. Own Time (1902) i. 67 Morley, made at first bishop of Worcester, and soon after..translated to Winchester.

1763 R. Burn Eccl. Law I. 172 In case the bishop dies, or is translated, before the present incumbent of the promotion chosen by the archbishop shall die or be removed, it is generally supposed, that the option is void.

1819 A. Rees et al. Cyclopædia VI. sig. N^v/2 In 1755, he was translated to the chair of surgery and anatomy at the Athenæum of Amsterdam.

1859 Laws of Jamaica xxiii. 1165 Her most gracious majesty the queen..was most graciously pleased to translate the right reverend father in God, Aubrey George Spencer, then bishop of Newfoundland, from the said see or bishopric of Newfoundland, to the see or bishopric of Jamaica.

1913 Scott. Hist. Rev. 10 374 The clergyman addressed was probably Stephen Oliver, ordained Minister of Innerleithen, 1755; translated to Maxton, 1776.

1985 UCL Bull. Jan. 17 Professor Sir John Hale..has been translated to a Chair of Italian History in the Department of History.

1999 Guardian 17 July 24/3 Mihail was consecrated bishop in 1988..and was translated to the metropolitan see of Ohrid in 1993.

†12. transitive. Medicine. To transfer (disease or disease-causing material) from one part of the body to another, or (rarely) from one person to another. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > apply type of treatment [verb (transitive)] > move seat of disease

translate1634

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xiii. iii. 469 The forepart of the body is replenished and overspread with many large vessells, into whose passages the morbificke matter being translated, is presently carryed to these parts.

1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 83 When Men reckon they are relieved from the Clap, the Disease is but translated to other Places.

1706 J. Marten True Acct. Venereal Dis. (ed. 4) i. 53 When the malignity or contagion of a Venereal Gonorrhæa, or Clap..is translated from the parts of Generation, and seizes the more noble Parts, infecting the Blood, &c. it is call'd the Pox.

1754 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery (ed. 2) x. 105 The humours frequently settle, or are translated to the lungs, and other bowels.

1826 R. Southey in Q. Rev. Sept. 330 He could..cure a carbuncle..by making upon it the sign of a cross, and translate swellings from his pupil's arm to his own.

1843 Magnet Mar. 232/1 We must consequently translate the disease to the excrementitious vessels.

13. Physics.

a. transitive. To move (a body) directly from one point or place to another without rotation, oscillation, etc. Cf. translation n. 16a.

ΚΠ

1806 Crit. Rev. May 36 The forces tend to translate the body, or to cause it to revolve round a fixed point.

1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 331 The force is now translating the body at right angles to its own direction.

1945 Jrnl. Appl. Physics 16 502/1 The camera shaft may be rotated or translated in the bearing.

2003 Jrnl. Robotic Syst. 20 415/2 When a linear misalignment occurs, a contact force translates the shaft away.

b. intransitive. Of a body subjected to a force: to move from one point or place to another without rotation, oscillation, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things

travelc1300

passa1387

gad1582

toll18..

translate1876

1876 De V. Wood Elem. Analyt. Mech. iv. 115 If two points are fixed, it [sc. the body] cannot translate, but may rotate.

1949 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 17 481/2 (footnote) Whenever the body translates nonuniformly or rotates, strains are set up which cause the internal forces to differ.

2014 J. Watkins Fund. Biomechanics Sport & Exercise x. 408 Consider an object which is free to translate and rotate within a particular plane.

14. Mathematics.

a. transitive. To transform (a geometric figure), esp. by the addition of a vector to its formula, in such a way that every point is moved the same distance and in the same direction, leaving the orientation and shape of the figure unchanged. Cf. translation n. 16b.

ΚΠ

1869 Proc. London Math. Soc. 2 132 Practically we cannot translate the line..to infinity.

2014 J. Muscat Functional Anal. viii. 131 When a line L is translated by x, and then by y, the result is the line (x + y) + L.

b. transitive. To map (a set of coordinate axes) to a coordinate system in which the new axes are each parallel to those in the original system. Cf. translation n. 16c.

ΚΠ

1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 659 If we translate the axes by means of (2) to B as origin, the equations in the new coördinates of these (N − 2)-dimensional hyperspheres will be...

2010 Math. Notes 88 829 By translating the coordinate axes, we can remove F₀ from this expansion.

III. To transform or turn into something different.

15.

a. transitive. To change or alter the nature, appearance, or condition of (a person or thing); to transform or transmute (a person or thing). Frequently with into or to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] > in form or appearance

makec1175

transfigurea1340

transformc1340

overcasta1387

translatea1393

shapec1400

resolvea1450

transfigurate?a1475

fashion1528

converta1530

to bless into1534

redact1554

trans-shape1575

deduce1587

star1606

deducta1627

Pythagorize1631

to run into ——a1640

transpeciate1643

transmogrify1656

throw1824

transfeature1875

squirm1876

recontour1913

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3044 I rede alle othre men be war..That non his oghne astat translate Of holi cherche..Be fraude.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 385 Vnnethe the peple hir knew for hir fairnesse Whan she translated [c1415 Corpus Oxf. transmewed, c1425 Petworth transformed] was in swich richesse.

1478 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1478 §27. m. 5 Counterfeit and untrue money..shuld not oonly distroye the goode money of sylver of this reame, but also shuld cause the goode money of sylver..tobe translate and tourned into the said untrue and counterfeit moneye.

c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) viii How that eche estate As fortune lykith, thame will translate.

1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1938) I. ix. v. 366 Quhair he translatit þe tempill of Apollo in ane abbay of his ordour.

1544 Act 35 Henry VIII c. 8 in 3rd Sess. Parl. Westmynster sig. B.vi No man..shall cut minishe or translate..any barrelles kilderkyns or firkyns.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 113 Blesse thee Bottom, blesse thee. Thou art translated .

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. ii. 59 Nebucadnezar was really translated into a Beast.

1692 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) II. 313 The said Patrick shall bind himself..to translate the said clock into ane pendulum work.

1718 J. Fox Wanderer 14 I was waiting in Expectation of my own Change, and wondering..what Sort of Being I should be translated to.

1744 J. Ralph Astrologer ii. 29 Hold, hold, Doctor, if you please! You have made your Bargain—and now 'tis my Turn—I have, indeed, yielded to be translated, d'ye see—but not how far.

1791 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad (ed. 3) I. Diss. p. ccclxiii A literal prose translation of poetry is an attempt as absurd as to translate fire into water.

1884 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy (ed. 3) xi. 298 Varley introduced repeaters at Amsterdam to translate the English double-current system of working into the Continental single-current system.

1922 H. W. Lanier Bk. Giants i. ii. 32 Zeus had listened to the prayer of Maia, and in his sovereign power he caught up all the seven into the firmament and translated them into stars, the shining Pleiades.

1979 A. Hecht Venetian Vespers (1980) i. 4 Even barmaids and pantry girls have been seen Translated into starlets tanning themselves.

2010 M. Germanà Sc. Women's Gothic & Fantastic Writing iii. 71 While a mysterious force draws her to the beach every night..Maria imagines herself translated into a selkie.

b. transitive. spec. To renovate, repair, or refashion (old clothes or shoes); to turn the materials of (old clothes or shoes) into new items. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > repair or renovate

turn?c1475

translate1503

spetch1828

mend1836

clobber1851

reviver1852

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > make footwear [verb (transitive)] > repair or renovate

cobble1552

sout1598

translate1724

1503 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 232 For ij½ elne wellus to bordour the kingis cote of wellus crammesy quhen it wes translatit.

1560 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 23 Sarcenet... Imployed into x of the Irisshe mens Shertes... And After that agayne translated into lyninge pullinges oute tuftes tyringes and other garnisshinge.

1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 90 To translate an auncient Garment, and reduce him to the present fashion.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rev. xxi. 1) 587 New for form and state, but the same as afore for matter and substance: as an old garment translated is called a new one.

1724 in R. S. Ferguson & W. Nanson Munic. Rec. Carlisle (1887) 188 They did agree to prosecute all persons that is not a brother of this guild and fraternity who shall make or presume to make any new shoes or boots or to translate old ones.

1815 Q. Rev. Oct. 129 A place near Monmouth-street, where ‘they translate old shoes into new ones’.

1865 Cassell's Illustr. Family Paper 15 Apr. 181/2 Old silk garments are cut up..for the purpose of translating them into children's tunics, little frocks, spencers, &c.

1884 Cornhill Mag. June 613 This fault in old boots extends even to ‘new second-handers,’ as those boots are styled that have been mended and done up, or, in technical language, ‘translated’ for the second-hand wardrobe trade.

1905 Albany Law Jrnl. Mar. 76/2 She employed craftesmen in translating old shoes into new ones, or, in short, putting new soles to old bodies.

1990 Lifestyle Summer 22/1 There were hundreds of shoe shops which translated or recycled old shoes and boots.

1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 318/2 I giv our Margrit me owd coat an' she's translated the best bits on it inter the be-ewtifullest warm skirt fer the winter.

16. transitive. To transport (a person) with the strength of some emotion; to fill (a person) with joy, wonder, etc.; to captivate or inspire (a person). Usually in passive. Now archaic.In early quots. perhaps influenced by sense 7.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rapture or ecstasy > transport with rapture or ecstasy [verb (transitive)]

ravishc1390

rap1509

extol1526

exalta1533

reave1556

rape1566

rapt?1577

enravish1596

trance1597

to carry out1599

ecstasy1631

translate1631

elevate1634

rapture1636

ecstatize1654

enrapture1740

ecstasiate1823

ecstasize1835

1631 B. Jonson New Inne ii. i. sig. C3^v O, but the censure, madame, is the maine, What will they say of you? or judge of me? To be translated thus, 'boue all the bound of fitnesse, or decorum?

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §47. 110 That elegant Apostle which seemed to have a glimpse of Heaven,..was translated out of himself to behold it, but being returned into himselfe could not express it.

1711 S. Centlivre Mar-plot v. 55 Women! I'm amaz'd! Women! Egad I'm ravish'd, transported, nay, translated methinks above the Stars.

1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. iv. 104 Their souls, with devotion translated, Rose on the ardour of prayer.

1899 J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris I. 115 There was no train... I was made aware of this by a fearful cry in my ears, and saw Morris ‘translated’.

1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow vi. 139 He was translated with gladness to be in her hands.

1930 E. Waugh Diaries 8 Nov. (1976) iv. 334 Irene was put next to the Emperor and was translated with excitement.

1969 E. Bagnold Autobiogr. xvi. 286 I..felt translated with happiness like being sixteen.

1984 C. George Prodigal Sister (1985) iv. 46 Mother was translated with joy.

†17. transitive. Telegraphy. To retransmit (a telegraphic message) by means of an automatic repeater; see translator n. 4a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > [verb (transitive)] > retransmit by repeater

translate1855

1855 C. F. Varley Brit. Patent 1318 2 The translating apparatus which translate positive or negative currents along the various circuits at the will of the operator.

1877 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 1 May 107/1 Only one such message in each direction, or two messages in all, are permitted to be translated on to the opposite terminal stations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	translate
释义	† translaten.adj. Forms: 1500s–1800s translate, 1600s translat. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin translātus, transferre. Etymology: < classical Latin translātus, past participle of transferre transfer v. Compare earlier translate v.With use as noun compare post-classical Latin translatum copy (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French translat copy (12th cent.), translation (beginning of the 14th cent.; rare in Middle French in this sense), Old Occitan translat , traslat , trailat copy, translation (13th cent.). With use as adjective compare earlier translated adj., and also Italian traslato transported (early 14th cent.), metaphorical (a1565). N.E.D. (1914) gives the pronunciation as (trɑnsˌlēⁱ·t) /trɑːnsˈleɪt/, /trænsˈleɪt/. Obsolete. A. n. A document or text which has been translated from one language to another; a translation. In later use chiefly Anglo-Indian. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > instance of drawingc1300 translationa1382 translate?1518 traductiona1533 version1582 conversion1586 metaphrase1594 rendering1637 traduct1647 upset1828 ?1518 in A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. A.iii (heading) Translate of the preface of Domynyke Mancyne by hym written. 1586 Earl of Leicester Corr. (1844) 467 I sent to the register of the states for the act concerning the maryners, the translate whereof I send your honour hearein. 1619 Sir D. Carleton in S. R. Gardiner Lett. Relations Eng. & Germany (1865) 1st Ser. 85 Divers lettres..I have made transcripts of some, and translats of others. 1655 Chymical, Medicinal, & Chyrurg. Addr. sig. A4 A Translate of the Eleventh Chapter. 1668 London Gaz. No. 254/4 The prohibitions made against the vending or reading any of the late Translates of the New Testament into French. 1757 Gen. Let. 20 Aug. in Lett. to & from East-India Company's Servants (1772) 2 By the inclosed translate of the treaty made with Jaffier Ally Khan, you will observe the advantages redounding to the Company by the change. 1803 J. Collins Let. 24 July in Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) III. 133 I..enclose a copy and translate of a note I..received from the Berai Rajah. 1855 R. Clarke Digest Regulations & Acts Bengal Govt. v. 132 The following is a translate of the general form of pottah with which the aumeens were furnished. B. adj. 1. Translated from one language to another. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [adjective] > characterized by metaphor > metaphorical or figurative figurative14.. figural?a1500 translated1511 figurate1548 tropological1555 metaphorical1563 tropical1565 tropic1569 translate1582 allusory1587 translative1589 allusive1593 metaphoric1597 transumptive1597 transferent1614 translatitious1637 analogic1638 tralatitious1645 parabolic1696 tropologic1796 transitive1810 transferred1863 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xvii. 109 I might darken more if I should deuise new names, then by enfranchising of the foren, a thing comon to all speches, which vse the translate terms of anie Art. 1636 H. Wotton in R. Baker Medit. & Disquis. upon Lords Prayer 149 The Evangelists being not able in a translate Tongue to expresse Christs word in one; have expressed his sence in two. 2. Transferred in meaning; metaphorical. ΚΠ 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica Direct. for Rdr. sig. 3^v First I place the proper Latine word vnder the figure of 1: then the figuratiue or translate vnder the figure of 2. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words* at Implicite Folded, or intangled together, also implicite faith, is taken in a translate sence, for such a belief as is altogether upheld by the judgement, and authority of a great company agreeing together. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). translatev. Brit. /trɑːnzˈleɪt/, /tranzˈleɪt/, /trɑːnsˈleɪt/, /transˈleɪt/, U.S. /trænzˈleɪt/, /træn(t)sˈleɪt/, /ˈtrænzˌleɪt/, /ˈtræn(t)sˌleɪt/ Forms: Middle English tranlate, Middle English transelate, Middle English transulate, Middle English–1500s traunslate, Middle English– translate, 1500s–1600s translat; also Scottish pre-1700 translait, pre-1700 translat, pre-1700 transulat. Also past tense Middle English trrnslate (transmission error), Middle English–1500s translat, Middle English–1500s translate. Also past participle Middle English tranlat, Middle English tranlate, Middle English transolate, Middle English–1500s translat, Middle English–1500s translate; Scottish pre-1700 translait, pre-1700 translatt. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French translater; Latin translāt-, transferre. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman tranlater, Anglo-Norman and Middle French translater (French translater ) to convert (a text) into another language (first half of the 12th cent. in Old French; rare and archaic in modern French), to transport (a person or thing) from one place to another (mid 12th cent.), to remove (a bishop) from one see to another, to transfer (the remains of a saint or other significant person) from one place to another (both late 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin translāt-, past participial stem of transferre transfer v.Compare post-classical Latin translatare to convert (a text) from one language into another (7th cent.), to remove (a bishop) from one see to another, to remove (the remains of a saint) (8th cent.), to transcribe (12th cent.). Compare also Old Occitan transladar , translatar , traslatar (beginning of the 12th cent.), Catalan traslladar (beginning of the 15th cent.), Spanish trasladar (early 13th cent.), Portuguese transladar (14th cent.), Italian traslatare (early 13th cent.). For the usual verbs in the sense ‘to convert (a text) into another language’ in modern use in the Romance languages see traduce v. Specific forms. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). I. To convert from one language to another and related senses. 1. a. transitive. To convert or render (a word, a work, an author, a language, etc.) into another language; to express or convey the meaning of (a word or text) using equivalent words in a different language. Frequently with from or into. Also with as or complement specifying the translation of a given word or phrase. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)] setc888 wendeOE turnc1175 writec1275 drawa1325 translatea1375 expound1377 takea1382 interpret1382 transpose1390 remue?a1400 renderc1400 put?a1425 to draw outa1450 reducec1450 compile1483 redige?1517 make1529 traducea1533 traduct1534 converta1538 do1561 to set out1597 transcribe1639 throw1652 metaphrase1868 versionize1874 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 167 For he of frensche þis fayre tale ferst dede translate. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 232 Þis ilk bok it es translate In to Inglis tong to rede. c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 255 Thow hast translatid the romauns of the rose. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 236 I..haue y-translatid to youre excellence by this boke afor, the techynges [etc.]. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 29 He hath so exquysitly translated the testament. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xxxi. 49 Doctour Phaer one that..excellently well translated into English verse Heroicall certaine bookes of Virgils Æneidos. c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 201 These lawes war..translated out of Franche into Duche. 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xli 'Tis only for a Poet to Translate a Poet. 1725 Bibliotheca Biblica III. App. p. xlvi The name Nephilim which we translate Giants, may litterally signifie, Fallers on, those who throw themselves against any one, who attack him. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 62 Johnson: Poetry..cannot be translated; and, therefore, it is the poets that preserve languages. 1828 J. Raine St. Cuthbert 113 The Latin name of this officer was Feretrarius, which I translate Feretrar, or Shrine Keeper. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §1. 342 Retiring to Hamburg Tyndale translated the Gospels and Epistles. 1922 Classical Jrnl. 17 211 The requirement that the student be able to translate Latin into idiomatic English. 1959 Washington Post 26 Nov. c2/2 She also translated poetry from Greek, Italian, French and German. 1981 W. Allen As I walked down New Grub St. ix. 199 In his forced retirement, he settled down to translating Shakespeare into Czech. 2003 J. Sherzer Stories, Myths, Chants & Songs Kuna Indians ii. x. 193 I translate it [sc. the expression muu kunwa] as ‘sparklings of the waves’. b. intransitive. To convert or render something from one language into another language; to practise translation; to make a translation. Frequently with from (also †out of) or into. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (intransitive)] translatea1387 interpret1576 translate1812 word1935 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 39 (MED) Alle þese translated [L. transtulerunt] out of [?a1475 anon. tr. from] Hebrewe into Grewe; Meny translated out of Grewe into Latyn; but at þe laste Ierom translatede [L. transtulit] out of Hebrewe in to Latyn. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 735 Yet as myn auctor spak so wold I speke, Sith I translate, and looth am from hym breke. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 43 (MED) Eleazar sent him lxx wel lerned men, whech þe kyng put in sundri houses, and ech of hem translate be himselue. 1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus Exhort. Studye Script. sig. C.ij He vsing this worde wythdrawe, doth both well interprete or translate, and by so translatynge also notably and playnly doth expounde what is naturally signified by the greke and laten examples. 1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 253 If you translate out of the Latine speach, into the Greeke. 1641 R. West in J. Wilkins Mercury sig. A7^v This Dutchman writes a Comment, that Translates, A Third Transcribes. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. iv. 198 This is to translate, and not to define, when we change two Words of the same Signification one for another. 1706 Brief Def. Transl. 5 in Holy David & Old Eng. Translators The same Collection of Texts does as effectually prove, that they did not Translate from the Vulgar Latin for the most part. 1768 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 2 Sept. He..translates and copies for merchants and the public, with accuracy and dispatch. 1831 T. B. Macaulay in Edinb. Rev. Sept. 36 Sometimes Johnson translated aloud. 1871 N. Amer. Rev. July 180 Müller translates as follows. 1954 E. Muir Autobiogr. x. 230 She could not speak English and he could not speak German, and..my wife had to translate for each of them in turn. 1961 W. Brandon Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 82/1 She could talk to Aguilar in Yucatecan Maya, and Aguilar could then translate into Castilian for Cortes. 2014 M. Anniss How does Voice Recognition Work? v. 41 A portable speech recognition device that can translate from Arabic to English, and back again. c. intransitive. Of a language, word, text, etc.: to be able to be converted or rendered into another language. Usually with adverb, as well. Also with as or complement specifying the translated word or phrase. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (intransitive)] translatea1387 interpret1576 translate1812 word1935 1812 S. T. Coleridge in R. Southey Omniana II. clxxvii. 30 Claudian throughout would translate better than any of the ancients. 1856 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 18 The sentence, which translates literally as above, is accommodated in manner following to the English idiom. 1924 Scotsman 3 May 7/2 Italian literature did not translate well: it should be read in the original. 1940 F. Thone Microsc. World vii. 82 This deliberate locomotion is presumably responsible for their scientific name, Tardigrada, which translates loosely as ‘slow-steppers’. 1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 May 21/1 Caricatures..were known as ritrattini carichi or portraits chargés—charged portraits, although the term hardly translates well into English. 2017 Etnofoor 29 12/1 Literally, ziyou translates from Chinese as ‘self-follow’, a principle, in other words, of following one's own route. †2. transitive. Rhetoric. To use (a word or phrase) in a metaphorical, figurative, or transferred sense; cf. translation n. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > express with figure of meaning [verb (transitive)] > express metaphorically or figuratively > use metaphorically or figuratively translate1534 invert1589 transfer1592 tropologize1678 1534 N. Udall Floures for Latine Spekynge gathered oute of Terence f. 69 Blandiri belongeth proprely to touching and handlynge, and by vnpropre vsynge it is by metaphore translated and referred to other partes of the body, ye & many tymes to the mynde. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique f. 88 Fourthly, that woordes translated from one significacion to another, (called of the Grecians, Tropes) bee vsed to beautifie the sentence, as precious stones are set in a ryng, to commende the golde. 1646 J. Brinsley Araignment Present Schism 13 Here is the proper signification of the word. By a Metaphor it is translated from inanimate things unto men, and applied to their divisions. 1695 R. South Tritheism 212 This whole new assertion is founded upon nothing but meer Trope and Metaphor, translating Terms from their proper sensible signification to a figurative and spiritual. 1762 G. Barnes tr. Cicero Compl. Orator iii. 426 By the assumption of a similar circumstance, the words which are proper to that circumstance, are successively translated (as I called it before) to some other subject. 3. a. transitive. figurative. To express (a thing) in a different manner or medium; to interpret or explain the meaning of (a symbol, a person's actions, etc.); to convert or adapt (an idea, an artwork, etc.) from one form, condition, system, or context into another. ΘΚΠ society > communication > expression > [verb (transitive)] > express one thing as another translate1584 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] > character reada1425 translate1584 expound1605 1584 E. Paget tr. J. Calvin Harmonie vpon Three Euangelists 171 The summe is, thet they had translated the doctrine of the lawe to a politike order, as if it sufficed to doe the outward dueties. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1546/2 They translated their barbarous musicke into a sorrowfull song, and..they called to God for the good health and returne of their best freend sir Thomas Scot, and that with a generall and continuall outcrie, euen in their old accustomed tune & time. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. i. 2 There's matter in these sighes, these profound heaues, You must translate . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iii. 44 He hath studied her will; and translated her will: out of honesty, into English. View more context for this quotation a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) iv. 52 If these Laws were but translated into practice by flesh and bloud, by men and women..this would beget other manner of thoughts in the hearts and consciences of the World (generally) concerning them. 1799 tr. J. de la Fontaine Family of Halden III. 9 The game-keeper translated Hennig's silence, looks, and sighs, into so many distinct words. 1838 Christian Examiner & Gen. Rev. Sept. 23 Here is an approach at least, not wholly unsuccessful, to a power of translating music into words. 1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 61 The emblem has been translated into a fact, or rather into a miracle. 1892 B. F. Westcott Gospel of Life 58 Right Doctrine is an inexhaustible spring of strength if it be translated into deed. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 26 Mar. 1/2 The delightful Norwegian master who..translates the nature of Norway..into music. 1920 E. B. Havell Handbk. Indian Art III. 211 The Rāg-mālas, or melody-pictures, in which Indian music is translated into pictorial terms. 1950 ‘G. Orwell’ Shooting Elephant 18 I had been unequal to translating Réaumur into Fahrenheit, but I know that my temperature was round about 103. 1990 J. Eberts & T. Ilott My Indecision is Final xlvi. 487 A book that is short on drama and long on mood and style is not easily translated into a musical film. 2001 S. W. Littlejohn & K. Domenici Engaging Communication in Confl. i. 22 Within a short time, action committees were formed to translate the ideas generated at the summit conference into concrete action. b. intransitive. With into. To result in, to be converted into. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > result [verb (intransitive)] followOE sue?c1225 arisec1275 fallc1300 result?a1425 ensue1483 enfollow1485 issuea1500 rebounda1500 succeed1537 terminate1613 concludea1639 depend1655 eventuate1814 ultimatec1834 come1884 translate1919 1919 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 2 Jan. 7/2 The bill will translate into social reality and thus assure to the future the idealism with which and for which our country went to war. 1963 Sci. Amer. Sept. 129/2 This translates into a world consumption, outside the U.S., of only about $2 a head. 1975 Lamp (Exxon Corporation) Winter 11/2 Any delays in bringing fields into production could quickly translate into lower government revenues and an adverse impact on the balance of payments. 2011 Jrnl. Public Affairs Educ. 17 569 We..attempt to determine if this social integration translates into better academic outcomes. c. intransitive. To admit of or bear conversion into another form, medium, or context. ΚΠ 1920 Manch. Guardian 21 July 5/4 His choreographic ideas sometimes do not translate well into the idiom of a gentler personality. 1948 Irish Times 1 Sept. 4/4 The pompous and verbose circumlocutions of Le Fanu's dialogue do not translate too happily to the theatre. 1982–3 Handmade Winter 30 The rich patterns of traditional Fair Isle knitted garments translate beautifully into needlepoint. 2006 S. Mylnowski & F. Jacobs See Jane Write vi. 65 Just because it happened to you doesn't mean it belongs in your novel. This holds true for things that seem funny or cute or brilliant but just don't translate on the page. 2013 J. Lindsay Dexter's Final Cut 284 We certainly had chemistry. Perhaps it would translate to the screen. 4. transitive. To express or convey the meaning of (a word or text) using different words from within the same language, esp. with the aim of making the sense clearer to a reader, or with the aim of creating a different style of composition; to paraphrase. Usually with into. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > paraphrase > express in different words [verb (transitive)] vary1580 paraphrast1583 translate1589 paraphrase1593 rehash1820 reword1892 réchauffer1899 1589 J. Throckmorton M. Some laid Open in his Coulers 31 That musicall Poet, that can so ingeniously translate rime into prose, and prose into rime againe. 1663 S. Cressy Roman-Catholick Doctr. i. 2 I believe the Ladies at least, were a little puzled..yet if those pompous Sounds were translated into plain English, not one of them but would easily see the sense, without other Dictionary than their own Cabinet. 1690 W. Temple Ess. Poetry 32 in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. The first Change of Poetry was made, by Translating it into Prose. ?1761 T. Robert (title) An essay on man... By Alexander Pope, Esq; Translated into prose, after the manner of the Rev. Mr. Hervey. 1788 P. Thicknesse Mem. & Anecd. I. 325 He would put his M.S. into the hands of some person who is qualified to translate his jargon into tolerable English. 1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 28 Translate any one of these sayings out of the artful metonyme which envelops it, and the trick is apparent. 1845 Amer. Rev. July 30/2 If the phrase, realizing the ideal, were translated into the phrase, actualizing the real, much ambiguity might be avoided. 1906 Christian Advocate 19 Apr. 551/2 When the slang word..comes to his tongue in extempore speech or composition, let him translate the slang into equally luminous and incisive words that are not slang. 1953 Philos. Rev. 62 274 It might therefore be suggested that Russell's statements concerning the structures of brain events, light rays, and flashes of lightning are to be translated into statements utilizing only the terms of the minimum vocabulary. 2006 K. Sparta Consultative Real Estate Agent ii. xi. 138 We need to be able to translate the legalese on the contract into simple language that the average eighth-grader could understand. 5. transitive. Computing. To convert (code, a program, etc.) from one language to another, e.g. from a high-level language to machine language. Cf. compile v. 2c. ΚΠ 1948 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 3 76 These have the dual functions of translating tapes from the simple code used on the hand perforator to the more complicated but shorter code acceptable to the machine. 1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxv. 189 The manufacturer provides a program..which translates the assembly language into machine code. 2016 M. Sample in H. Lowood & R. Guins Debugging Game Hist. vii. 53 The compiler itself is a computer program, and it translates the lines of legible commands, conditionals, variables, functions, and loops into machine language. 6. transitive. Biology. To convert genetic information into the molecules and structures of which a living cell or organism is composed; spec. to use (the nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA) to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide or protein during its synthesis; to utilize the genetic information from (messenger RNA); to convert (a messenger RNA sequence) into a protein sequence. Frequently with into.With the spec. use cf. transcribe v. 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [verb (transitive)] > transcribe or translate translate1955 transcribe1962 the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [verb (transitive)] > genetic techniques transform1928 progeny-test1944 test-cross1950 translate1955 transcribe1962 1955 G. Gamow in Sci. Amer. Oct. 72/3 How is the DNA language of the chromosomes translated into the protein language of the enzymes? 1961 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. XXVI. 101/2 The information encoded in DNA must somehow be transmitted to the ribosomes where it is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. 1977 D. E. Metzler Biochemistry xv. 936/2 The ribosome faithfully translates the genetic message, adding amino acids to the peptide chain until a stop codon is reached. 2013 A. Rutherford Creation: Future of Life i. 20 in Creation: Origin of Life The machinery that translates the DNA into working proteins is indifferent to its meaning, so reads the universal genetic code without species prejudice. II. To convey from one place, position, etc., to another. 7. a. transitive. To convey or move (a person or thing) from one place to another; to transfer or transport (a person or thing); to exile or deport (a person or people). Also: spec. to transfer or move (an ecclesiastical see, a seat of government, etc.) from one place to another. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] remuea1325 movea1382 translatea1382 transfer1382 transfigurec1384 removea1387 to turn overa1425 transume1483 to carry about1496 traduce1546 transplant1555 transact1621 transmigrate1635 hand1642 to make over1713 recover1719 to carry over1850 society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > church or place of worship > [verb (transitive)] > transport to different site translatea1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Chron. viii. 11 Þe doȝter forsoþe of pharao he [sc. Solomon] translatide [L. transtulit] fro þe cite of dauiþ: in to þe hous þat he hadde bild to hir. ?a1425 Chron. Papacy l. 544 in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. (1942) 41 192 (MED) Clemement [read Clement]..translatid þe popis see fro Rome to auenyon. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. l. 205 (MED) Se wel that the cheef rote oon directe Be hool translate, vnto his summyte, Withouten hurt. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 77 The seete of the metropolitan of alle Wales, whiche was translate [L. translata] afterwarde to Meneuia. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 200 (MED) Salmanasar the grete kynge of assyriens..destruet al the lande of Samarie and token the childryn of Israel and tham translatid into his lande. 1540–1 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 227 To translait the meill merkate fra the croice to the est end of the town. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 5^v Plante and translate the crabbe tree, where..it please you and it will neuer beare sweete apple. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage ii. i. 92 He translated the highest seat both of spirituall and temporall regiment to Ierusalem. 1663 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 472 After he had taken in another class of six there, he translated himself to the house of Arthur Tylliard an apothecary. 1729 J. Ogilvie tr. P. Giannone Civil Hist. Kingdom Naples I. Introd. p. vii Constantine was pleased to translate the Seat of the Empire to Constantinople, and of one, to make two Empires. 1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 47 Heat is translated among bodies in a certain manner, and electricity in another. 1830 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered (ed. 3) II. xv. xiii. 376 He to Jerusalem his camp translates. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Apr. 4 A discussion has arisen on the question whether the Charterhouse School ought or ought not to be translated into the country. 1932 J. G. F. Day & H. E. Patton Cathedrals Church of Ireland 105 Hugh de Rous, the first Anglo-Norman Bishop of Ossory, who translated the See from Aghavoe to Kilkenny, in 1202. 1948 C. Wildman tr. B. Constant Adolphe vi. 51 The various vicissitudes we had experienced together, caused every word, almost every gesture, to arouse memories which translated us into the past and filled us with an involuntary emotion. 1991 Continuity: Jrnl. Hist. No. 15. 47 He [sc. Henry Clay] defended the chartered privileges of the Kentucky Insurance Company and supported a movement to translate the capital from Frankfort to Lexington. †b. transitive. To take away or remove (a benefit); to convey away (joy, influence, etc.). Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings iv. 22 Translatid [L.V. c1450 Bodl. 277 taken awei] is þe glorie of god fro israel: for þi þat þe arke of god was takyn. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xxiv. 11 Translatid is þe ioȝe of þe lond, laft is in þe huge cite wildernesse. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7958 (MED) Þou sal þar-for noght dei, i wat, For drightin it þe has translat [a1400 Trin. Cambr. transolate]. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 5083 She wolde from Hercules translate The influence off his natyuyte, Helpe to reuerse his fame and eek his fate. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 155 (MED) When he hadde takyn of the fruyt of the tre of lyf, lyf of heuene was translatyd, and dethe entrede in-to the world, and inmortalite and euerlastyng lyf ȝede a-way and perischid and also ascencion to heuene. 8. transitive. To transfer or move (the dead body or relics of a saint, ruler, or other significant person) from one place to another. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Baruch ii. 24 Þou settedest þi woordis..þat translatid [L. profferentur] shulde ben þe bones of oure kingis & þe bones of oure faders fro þis place. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 45 Þere he [sc. Seynt Ethelwold] made an abbay of mynchouns, and translated seynt Swythyn his body out of þe eorþe. a1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Royal) (1886) 135 (MED) Þes þre bodyes and þe relikes of þes iij kyngis were translate in to Melane. a1500 (c1465) in J. Gairdner Three 15th-cent. Chrons. (1880) 33 (MED) Seint Thomas of Caunterbery was translatyd L yere aftir that he was martred. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 49 Hys body was translat to Rome. 1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer vii. f. 178 Vigilantius a famous heretike was in like errour, that reliques of sainctes, and translating their bodies, was not sitting [sic] for the glorye of God. 1601 F. Godwin Catal. Bishops of Eng. 511 He translated the reliques of Saint Cutbert into the new Church, and bestowed a shryne vpon him. 1643 G. Fletcher Hist. Russia xxi. 216 His bodie they have translated of late into a sumptuous Church, near the Emperours house in Mosko, and have canonized him for a Saint. 1702 W. Sacheverell Acct. Isle of Man ii. 44 The Year following his [sc. the King's] Body was translated to the Isle of Hy. 1766 A. Bower Hist. Popes VII. 73 Clement..was buried in the Cathedral Church of St. Mary de Donis in Avignon: But in 1401 his Remains were translated from thence to the Church of the Celestines in the same City. 1816 J. Storer Hist. & Antiq. Cathedral Churches of Great Brit. II. Ely: p. (e) Sexburga..determined, sixteen years after her sister's decease, to translate her [sc. St Ethelreda's] body to a conspicuous situation in the church of Ely. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xv. §5. 518 The body of Harold, first buried under the cairn by Hastings, was afterwards translated to his own minster at Waltham. 1934 Times 20 July 13/1 The Bethleham Chapel, which contains the tomb of Dr. Woodrow Wilson..and also that of Admiral George Dewey, whose body was translated there from the Arlington National Cemetary early in 1925. 2003 T. Kren & S. McKendrick Illuminating the Renaissance ii. 215/1 Some of these relics had been translated from Constantinople to Saint-Antoine-de-Viennois in the eleventh century. †9. transitive. To transfer (rulership, a country, etc.) from the possession or control of one person or people to another. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Chron. xii. 23 Þe princes..cam to dauiþ..þat þei translate [a1425 L.V. schulden translate; L. transferrent] þe rewme of Saul to hym. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9220 Þe Iuues now er put o state, And þair kingrik translate þat had four hundret yeir stand And fifte. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 232 (MED) Ȝif lordis leuen þis office, & meyntenen synful men..þei may drede þat here kyngdom & lordischipis schullen be translated in-to anoþer folk. c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 139 The monarche of the worlde and the dignitee of the souerayn empir was of olde tyme translated from the Assiriens to the Perciens to the Grekes. ?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers sig. A8 Then shall not youre..power, crowne, dignitie..be translated from you. 1583 R. Some Godlie Treat. Church sig. D6 After their returne from y^t captiuity, the Asmonits (which were not of the tribe of Iuda) translated the kingly authority to themselues. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 578 This Sherifedome was..translated hereditarily into the family of the Beauchamps. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 224 This Headship was translated to the King. a1727 I. Newton Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) vi. 347 Cyrus having translated the Monarchy to the Persians, and Reigned seven years, was succeeded by his son Cambyses. 1771 Script.-dict. 36/2 Cambyses..begged they would not suffer the Magian impostor to translate the government to the Medes. 1875 Quiver Jan. 678/2 Abner flew into a towering passion, swore that he would translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and proceeded without delay to make good his oath. 1917 E. M. Jamison et al. Italy Mediaeval & Mod. 87 The Papacy translated the Empire from the Greeks to the Germans. 10. transitive. To take or convey (a living or deceased person, a soul, etc.) to heaven or the afterlife. Frequently used in relation to the biblical figures Enoch and Elijah who are said to have been assumed into heaven without dying. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [verb (transitive)] > convey to or place in > without death translatec1384 the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [verb (transitive)] > convey to or place in > after death translate1702 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xi. 5 By feith Enok is translatid [L. translatus est], that he schulde not se deeth; and he was not founden, for the Lord translatide [L. transtulit] him. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 213 And so schulde þe body..be translated and chaunged in þe blisse of heuene wiþ oute deienge and deeþ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9162 Helias was in þat siquare, Translated in a golden chiare. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 12 (MED) In þe toumbe of sayne Iohn men may fynd na thyng bot manna; for sum men saise his body was translated in to paradyse. c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 78 Thus was þe soule of this blessed man translate on-to heuene and þe ded body kept up-on þe ground. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. iv. 10 He pleased God,..so that where as he lyued amonge synners, he translated him. 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xlv. 298 He teacheth rather the gentiles, that there is an other life prepared for the seruauntes of God, & that the same is also dewe for the bodies, sins that Enoch was translated both in body & soule. 1601 N. Gibbons Questions & Disputations conc. Holy Script. v. 224 Whither Eliah that excellent Prophet was translated, thither also was Henoch this noble Patriarke receiued, before the floud. 1640 R. Baillie Ladensium Αὐτοκατάκρισις iv. 59 That she is now advanced above all the Angells to the highest created perfection that is possible to the daughter, mother, and spouse of God, and that her very bodie is alreadie translated to the heavens. 1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/1 That after a long and happy Enjoyment of this your Earthly Crown, you may be translated to one Immortal. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 6 As if the wretch, Who fell in battle..Pass'd off to Heaven, translated and not kill'd. 1820 tr. Apocryphal New Test. 111/2 She was ninety years old when the Lord translated her. 1892 W. Cather Lou, the Prophet in Hesperian 15 Oct. 10/1 It is thought that he was drowned and the quicksands of the river sucked his body under. But the little Dane boys in our country firmly believe that he was translatled [sic], like Enoch of old. ?1905 Proc. Brit. Acad. 1903–4 205 Here, and here alone, the Hyperborean land is an Elysium to which mortals are translated without dying. 1983 D. Cecil Portrait of Lamb I. iv. 62 Her mother, now translated into a better world. 2003 T. F. LaHaye & T. Ice End Times Controv. vii. 199 We know that Elijah was translated to heaven without dying. 11. transitive. To transfer or move (a bishop, minister, etc.) from one ecclesiastical post to another. Also: to transfer or appoint (an academic) to a post. ΚΠ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 441 (MED) Lanfrank, þre ȝere priour of Becco, was translated [L. translato] to þe abbay of Cadony. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) II. l. 26869 Iohan was translatede to Eborwik To gouern þe archebischoprik. 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 68 Whan any bishoprike fell, he would translate the bishops from one see to an other for the gaine of theyr fyrst fruites. 1567 in Coll. for Hist. Aberdeen & Banff (1843) 226 Johne Philpe, minister,..translatit to Dunbennane. 1637 D. Lupton tr. J. Verheiden Hist. Mod. Protestant Divines 301 For his singular Piety and Learning, he was by Queene Elizabeth translated to the Bishopricke of Exceter. 1660 J. Barwick Hieronikes 91 This Reverend Bishop having so well discharged himself of his duty in those places he had formerly sustained in the Church, it was his Majesties pleasure to have him translated to the See of Duresme. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Suppl. to Hist. Own Time (1902) i. 67 Morley, made at first bishop of Worcester, and soon after..translated to Winchester. 1763 R. Burn Eccl. Law I. 172 In case the bishop dies, or is translated, before the present incumbent of the promotion chosen by the archbishop shall die or be removed, it is generally supposed, that the option is void. 1819 A. Rees et al. Cyclopædia VI. sig. N^v/2 In 1755, he was translated to the chair of surgery and anatomy at the Athenæum of Amsterdam. 1859 Laws of Jamaica xxiii. 1165 Her most gracious majesty the queen..was most graciously pleased to translate the right reverend father in God, Aubrey George Spencer, then bishop of Newfoundland, from the said see or bishopric of Newfoundland, to the see or bishopric of Jamaica. 1913 Scott. Hist. Rev. 10 374 The clergyman addressed was probably Stephen Oliver, ordained Minister of Innerleithen, 1755; translated to Maxton, 1776. 1985 UCL Bull. Jan. 17 Professor Sir John Hale..has been translated to a Chair of Italian History in the Department of History. 1999 Guardian 17 July 24/3 Mihail was consecrated bishop in 1988..and was translated to the metropolitan see of Ohrid in 1993. †12. transitive. Medicine. To transfer (disease or disease-causing material) from one part of the body to another, or (rarely) from one person to another. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > apply type of treatment [verb (transitive)] > move seat of disease translate1634 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xiii. iii. 469 The forepart of the body is replenished and overspread with many large vessells, into whose passages the morbificke matter being translated, is presently carryed to these parts. 1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 83 When Men reckon they are relieved from the Clap, the Disease is but translated to other Places. 1706 J. Marten True Acct. Venereal Dis. (ed. 4) i. 53 When the malignity or contagion of a Venereal Gonorrhæa, or Clap..is translated from the parts of Generation, and seizes the more noble Parts, infecting the Blood, &c. it is call'd the Pox. 1754 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery (ed. 2) x. 105 The humours frequently settle, or are translated to the lungs, and other bowels. 1826 R. Southey in Q. Rev. Sept. 330 He could..cure a carbuncle..by making upon it the sign of a cross, and translate swellings from his pupil's arm to his own. 1843 Magnet Mar. 232/1 We must consequently translate the disease to the excrementitious vessels. 13. Physics. a. transitive. To move (a body) directly from one point or place to another without rotation, oscillation, etc. Cf. translation n. 16a. ΚΠ 1806 Crit. Rev. May 36 The forces tend to translate the body, or to cause it to revolve round a fixed point. 1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 331 The force is now translating the body at right angles to its own direction. 1945 Jrnl. Appl. Physics 16 502/1 The camera shaft may be rotated or translated in the bearing. 2003 Jrnl. Robotic Syst. 20 415/2 When a linear misalignment occurs, a contact force translates the shaft away. b. intransitive. Of a body subjected to a force: to move from one point or place to another without rotation, oscillation, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things travelc1300 passa1387 gad1582 toll18.. translate1876 1876 De V. Wood Elem. Analyt. Mech. iv. 115 If two points are fixed, it [sc. the body] cannot translate, but may rotate. 1949 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 17 481/2 (footnote) Whenever the body translates nonuniformly or rotates, strains are set up which cause the internal forces to differ. 2014 J. Watkins Fund. Biomechanics Sport & Exercise x. 408 Consider an object which is free to translate and rotate within a particular plane. 14. Mathematics. a. transitive. To transform (a geometric figure), esp. by the addition of a vector to its formula, in such a way that every point is moved the same distance and in the same direction, leaving the orientation and shape of the figure unchanged. Cf. translation n. 16b. ΚΠ 1869 Proc. London Math. Soc. 2 132 Practically we cannot translate the line..to infinity. 2014 J. Muscat Functional Anal. viii. 131 When a line L is translated by x, and then by y, the result is the line (x + y) + L. b. transitive. To map (a set of coordinate axes) to a coordinate system in which the new axes are each parallel to those in the original system. Cf. translation n. 16c. ΚΠ 1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 659 If we translate the axes by means of (2) to B as origin, the equations in the new coördinates of these (N − 2)-dimensional hyperspheres will be... 2010 Math. Notes 88 829 By translating the coordinate axes, we can remove F₀ from this expansion. III. To transform or turn into something different. 15. a. transitive. To change or alter the nature, appearance, or condition of (a person or thing); to transform or transmute (a person or thing). Frequently with into or to. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] > in form or appearance makec1175 transfigurea1340 transformc1340 overcasta1387 translatea1393 shapec1400 resolvea1450 transfigurate?a1475 fashion1528 converta1530 to bless into1534 redact1554 trans-shape1575 deduce1587 star1606 deducta1627 Pythagorize1631 to run into ——a1640 transpeciate1643 transmogrify1656 throw1824 transfeature1875 squirm1876 recontour1913 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3044 I rede alle othre men be war..That non his oghne astat translate Of holi cherche..Be fraude. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 385 Vnnethe the peple hir knew for hir fairnesse Whan she translated [c1415 Corpus Oxf. transmewed, c1425 Petworth transformed] was in swich richesse. 1478 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1478 §27. m. 5 Counterfeit and untrue money..shuld not oonly distroye the goode money of sylver of this reame, but also shuld cause the goode money of sylver..tobe translate and tourned into the said untrue and counterfeit moneye. c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) viii How that eche estate As fortune lykith, thame will translate. 1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1938) I. ix. v. 366 Quhair he translatit þe tempill of Apollo in ane abbay of his ordour. 1544 Act 35 Henry VIII c. 8 in 3rd Sess. Parl. Westmynster sig. B.vi No man..shall cut minishe or translate..any barrelles kilderkyns or firkyns. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 113 Blesse thee Bottom, blesse thee. Thou art translated . View more context for this quotation 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. ii. 59 Nebucadnezar was really translated into a Beast. 1692 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) II. 313 The said Patrick shall bind himself..to translate the said clock into ane pendulum work. 1718 J. Fox Wanderer 14 I was waiting in Expectation of my own Change, and wondering..what Sort of Being I should be translated to. 1744 J. Ralph Astrologer ii. 29 Hold, hold, Doctor, if you please! You have made your Bargain—and now 'tis my Turn—I have, indeed, yielded to be translated, d'ye see—but not how far. 1791 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad (ed. 3) I. Diss. p. ccclxiii A literal prose translation of poetry is an attempt as absurd as to translate fire into water. 1884 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy (ed. 3) xi. 298 Varley introduced repeaters at Amsterdam to translate the English double-current system of working into the Continental single-current system. 1922 H. W. Lanier Bk. Giants i. ii. 32 Zeus had listened to the prayer of Maia, and in his sovereign power he caught up all the seven into the firmament and translated them into stars, the shining Pleiades. 1979 A. Hecht Venetian Vespers (1980) i. 4 Even barmaids and pantry girls have been seen Translated into starlets tanning themselves. 2010 M. Germanà Sc. Women's Gothic & Fantastic Writing iii. 71 While a mysterious force draws her to the beach every night..Maria imagines herself translated into a selkie. b. transitive. spec. To renovate, repair, or refashion (old clothes or shoes); to turn the materials of (old clothes or shoes) into new items. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > repair or renovate turn?c1475 translate1503 spetch1828 mend1836 clobber1851 reviver1852 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > make footwear [verb (transitive)] > repair or renovate cobble1552 sout1598 translate1724 1503 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 232 For ij½ elne wellus to bordour the kingis cote of wellus crammesy quhen it wes translatit. 1560 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 23 Sarcenet... Imployed into x of the Irisshe mens Shertes... And After that agayne translated into lyninge pullinges oute tuftes tyringes and other garnisshinge. 1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 90 To translate an auncient Garment, and reduce him to the present fashion. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rev. xxi. 1) 587 New for form and state, but the same as afore for matter and substance: as an old garment translated is called a new one. 1724 in R. S. Ferguson & W. Nanson Munic. Rec. Carlisle (1887) 188 They did agree to prosecute all persons that is not a brother of this guild and fraternity who shall make or presume to make any new shoes or boots or to translate old ones. 1815 Q. Rev. Oct. 129 A place near Monmouth-street, where ‘they translate old shoes into new ones’. 1865 Cassell's Illustr. Family Paper 15 Apr. 181/2 Old silk garments are cut up..for the purpose of translating them into children's tunics, little frocks, spencers, &c. 1884 Cornhill Mag. June 613 This fault in old boots extends even to ‘new second-handers,’ as those boots are styled that have been mended and done up, or, in technical language, ‘translated’ for the second-hand wardrobe trade. 1905 Albany Law Jrnl. Mar. 76/2 She employed craftesmen in translating old shoes into new ones, or, in short, putting new soles to old bodies. 1990 Lifestyle Summer 22/1 There were hundreds of shoe shops which translated or recycled old shoes and boots. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 318/2 I giv our Margrit me owd coat an' she's translated the best bits on it inter the be-ewtifullest warm skirt fer the winter. 16. transitive. To transport (a person) with the strength of some emotion; to fill (a person) with joy, wonder, etc.; to captivate or inspire (a person). Usually in passive. Now archaic.In early quots. perhaps influenced by sense 7. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rapture or ecstasy > transport with rapture or ecstasy [verb (transitive)] ravishc1390 rap1509 extol1526 exalta1533 reave1556 rape1566 rapt?1577 enravish1596 trance1597 to carry out1599 ecstasy1631 translate1631 elevate1634 rapture1636 ecstatize1654 enrapture1740 ecstasiate1823 ecstasize1835 1631 B. Jonson New Inne ii. i. sig. C3^v O, but the censure, madame, is the maine, What will they say of you? or judge of me? To be translated thus, 'boue all the bound of fitnesse, or decorum? 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §47. 110 That elegant Apostle which seemed to have a glimpse of Heaven,..was translated out of himself to behold it, but being returned into himselfe could not express it. View more context for this quotation 1711 S. Centlivre Mar-plot v. 55 Women! I'm amaz'd! Women! Egad I'm ravish'd, transported, nay, translated methinks above the Stars. 1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. iv. 104 Their souls, with devotion translated, Rose on the ardour of prayer. 1899 J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris I. 115 There was no train... I was made aware of this by a fearful cry in my ears, and saw Morris ‘translated’. 1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow vi. 139 He was translated with gladness to be in her hands. 1930 E. Waugh Diaries 8 Nov. (1976) iv. 334 Irene was put next to the Emperor and was translated with excitement. 1969 E. Bagnold Autobiogr. xvi. 286 I..felt translated with happiness like being sixteen. 1984 C. George Prodigal Sister (1985) iv. 46 Mother was translated with joy. †17. transitive. Telegraphy. To retransmit (a telegraphic message) by means of an automatic repeater; see translator n. 4a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > [verb (transitive)] > retransmit by repeater translate1855 1855 C. F. Varley Brit. Patent 1318 2 The translating apparatus which translate positive or negative currents along the various circuits at the will of the operator. 1877 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 1 May 107/1 Only one such message in each direction, or two messages in all, are permitted to be translated on to the opposite terminal stations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.?1518v.a1375
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† translaten.adj.

translatev.