traffickern.

Brit.

/ˈtrafᵻkə/, U.S.

/ˈtræfɪkər/

Forms: see traffic v. and -er suffix¹; also Scottish pre-1700 traffectar, pre-1700 traffecter, pre-1700 traffictar, pre-1700 trafickegryter (transmission error), pre-1700 trafiquicker (probably transmission error), 1700s traffrequer (transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: traffic v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < traffic v. + -er suffix¹.Compare Middle French traficqueur , traffiqueur , French (now rare) trafiqueur trader, merchant (1541 with reference to illicit trading (and now only in this specific use), 1550 with neutral connotation), schemer, deceiver (1611 in Cotgrave), go-between, negotiator (a1614; late 15th cent. in sense ‘person who divulges secrets’). The Older Scots forms in -ct- are reverse spellings reflecting 15th-cent. loss of /t/ after /k/ (compare note at traffic v.). In form trafickegryter perhaps a jumbling of trafficker n. and regrater n. (compare forms at that entry).

a. A person engaged in trading, esp. one who buys and sells goods as an occupation; a trader, a merchant, a dealer. Now rare and chiefly historical.With the increasing predominance in the 20th cent. of the senses relating to illegal or illicit trade (see senses 1c and 1d), this sense generally declined. However it is still current in the Caribbean with reference to a person who trades legitimately in agricultural produce and household goods between the Caribbean Islands and neighbouring territories (see quot. 1993 and cf. traffic v. 1a).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > [noun]

mongereOE

chapmanc890

haberdasher1311

need doera1382

handlera1398

unfreeman1445

occupier1509

taker-up1548

trafficker1560

pliers1565

copeman1566

trader1566

copemaster1579

couper1581

drover1585

negotiator1596

merchandiser1597

coper1609

dealer1611

commercer1632

market-maker1647

general dealer1709

negotianta1774

outfitter1829

man-

1560 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 96 The gret hurt and skaith sustenit be the fremen, merchandis craftismen and nychtbouris of this burgh, be vnfremen traffecteris within the samyn.

1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles xix. cxxv. 704 For by reason it [sc. Ephesus] was of situation and fruitfulnesse of soyle so commodious for traffiquers, it grewe to be passing riche.

1667 T. Vincent God's Terrible Voice vi. 69 The buyers and sellers have now forsaken the streets: Grace-church-street, Cornhill, Cheapside, Newgate Market, and the like places, which used..to have throngs of traffiquers, now are become empty of inhabitants.

a1727 I. Newton Observ. Coin (1730) 10 Traffickers in money will get above 6 per Cent by sending Gold to Spain.

1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea v. 74 The traffickers were exchanging their goods laboriously.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. iii. 48 An itinerant trafficker in broken glass and rags.

1906 Economist 8 Dec. 1998/2 Shipowners who equip themselves to serve a particular avenue of trade..should not combine to punish the traffickers in that trade, in order to keep out competition.

1988 A. R. Lewis Nomads & Crusaders (1991) i. iii. 58 Since Byzantine traders were discouraged..from venturing beyond the empire's borders..this tended to turn over..external commerce to foreign traffickers.

1993 Preliminary Study on Golden Apple (ICCA Office in Grenada) 1/2 An increasing supply [of fruits] was being shipped from Grenada and St. Vincent to Trinidad by hucksters and traffickers.

b. figurative and in extended use. Chiefly with in. A person who offers as a commodity or deals in something which is not generally regarded as an object of trade, esp. something abstract, as death, misery, etc.With quot. 1900 cf. sense 1c.

ΚΠ

1595 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1882) 1st Ser. V. 217 [Andro Kanyeauch] wes ane speciall trafficquair in that unlauchfull and tressounable trade [i.e. forgery].

1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket iii. 108 Pardon for offences committed: nay, Indulgences for future sinnes... And let the traffiquers speake from their owne feeling how cheape they are.

1662 in tr. J. Olivier Disc. Women Ep. Ded. The Translator looks like a forbidden Trafficker in the Custom of Women, and an Interloper in the Merchantry of such Commodities.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. iii. ii. 175 Traffickers of inward Worth and Liberty for outward Gain.

1869 Echo 28 Aug. Practices familiar to many generations of hardened traffickers in votes.

1900 I. M. Condit Chinaman as we see Him xiii. 145 Parents..are willing to sell their girls to these traffickers in the flesh of innocent little girls.

1933 N. Beverley Cry Havoc! ii. 36 A man who sells, at a profit, instruments for the destruction of other men, is a trafficker in death.

2010 G. Seymour Dealer & Dead (2014) vi. 139 Dealers are nasty people, merchants of death, bad people, traffickers in misery.

c. In early use chiefly with in. A person engaged in the trade in or procurement of human beings for the purpose of slavery or exploitation; (in later use esp.) a person who forcibly or illegally relocates people from one country or region to another, typically for coercion into prostitution, forced labour, or other forms of exploitation.See also child trafficker n., human trafficker n.Originally perhaps simply a contextual use of sense 1a, but from the early 20th cent. emerging as a distinct sense.

ΚΠ

a1785 R. Glover Athenaid (1787) II. xiii. 329 Let these to some fell traficker in slaves Be sold.

1846 Liberator (Boston) 22 May 82/5 He only needs to be transported..to the coast of Africa, to become a slave trafficker.

1895 Chinese Recorder Dec. 566 She fled to the Home... Its existence is a constant menace to the traffickers in women.

1905 Corr. Internat. Conf. White Slave Traffic (Misc. No. 3) 13 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2667) CIII. 1027 Traffickers or their accomplices, or girls under age evidently bound for foreign countries for immoral purposes.

1940 W. C. Reckless Criminal Behavior vii. 138 The Oriental traffickers have so complete a control over their victims that the latter regard them sometimes..as guardians invested with parental authority over them.

2011 P. Kotiswaran Dangerous Sex, Invisible Labor i. 6 A white male tourist wanders about a marketplace, oblivious to..a young boy coerced into begging being beaten by his trafficker.

d. A person engaged in illegal or illicit trading; a smuggler; (now esp.) a person who transports officially controlled or stolen goods or substances from one country or region to another in the course of illegal trade.Frequently with modifying word specifying the item traded or dealt in; see also drug trafficker n., etc.Apparently originally used with reference to illicit trading in prisons, and gaining currency in the second half of the 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > trader in illicit goods

trafficker1898

1898 Quorn (S. Austral.) Mercury 19 Aug. A sovereign that had been conveyed to him by the trafficker was found upon him [sc. the prisoner], and he was punished..with fourteen days' bread and water.

1903 Pharmaceut. Era Mar. 244/1 It was proposed to expel cocaine-traffickers from membership... But it is extremely doubtful whether our great association includes any of those who make a business of supplying ‘dope’ to a daily string of ‘friends’.

1958 N.Y. Times 4 May 7/1 A force of 150 Aden Government guards led by a British agent raided today the headquarters of arms traffickers at Dar Saad.

1973 Guardian 15 Mar. 4/5 The men had been in Texas for the specific purpose of buying weapons and ammunition from Mexican traffickers.

2020 D. R. Liddick Transnational Organized Crime iii. 66 Ivory produces $50 per kilogram for poachers..and $3,000 per kilo for transnational traffickers.

2. Originally and in early use chiefly Scottish. A go-between or intermediary agent in clandestine dealings; a plotter, a schemer, a conspirator. Also (esp. in later use) more generally: a person who engages in dealings or communication with another, typically an enemy or malevolent supernatural being. Now somewhat rare.In the late 16th and 17th centuries often with reference to Roman Catholic proselytizers or plotters against the state or established religion; cf. traffic v. 4a(a), trafficking adj. 1, and trafficking n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > plotter > conspirator

conspirator1413

confederate1495

confederator1536

conspirer1539

conjuratorc1550

trafficker1570

conjurate1571

compacter1592

complotter1592

conspirant1603

cabalist1642

consulter1679

caballer1686

Catilinarian1824

co-plotter1889

1570 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1903) III. 384 Thome Bischop wes ye first trafficquar betuix ye bischop of Ros and ye said Johnne.

?1596 Exam. H. Barrowe sig. Ciij^v The Pope and his trafiquers would be vtterly void of al hope to set vp the standerd of the man of sin againe in this noble kingdome.

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) vi. 332 Understanding Mr. Iames Areskin to be a trafficker betwixt Marre, Angus, and others, he did belay the ways, to the end he might speak with him.

c1667 G. Blackhall Brieffe Narration (1844) 31 He..is such trafecter that fiew or no Protestants that become his tenants, or servants, escape without being perverted by him.

1687 Royal Proclam. in London Gaz. No. 2221/4 For being Papists, Jesuits, or Traffickers, for hearing, or saying of Mass.

a1709 J. Nimmo Narr. (1889) 76 Mr. Hoge..was jelousd for a spay or traffecker for Munmoth.

1714 G. Lockhart Mem. Affairs Scotl. 82 A Person..Guilty of the most Horrid Crimes, and a Trafficker with France.

1843 F. R. Nixon Lect. Catech. Church of Eng. xxxii. 387 He was an impostor, a magician, a trafficker with the powers of darkness.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona ix. 96 The whole clan of old Jacobite spies and traffickers.

1908 R. J. Wilkinson Papers on Malay Subj.: Life & Customs Pt. I 49 He is the priest of an older religion and theoretically a trafficker with evil spirits.

1969 W. L. Langer Explor. in Crisis ii. xii. 236 The Hapsburgs, traitors to Germanism and traffickers with the Slavs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	trafficker
释义	traffickern. Brit. /ˈtrafᵻkə/, U.S. /ˈtræfɪkər/ Forms: see traffic v. and -er suffix¹; also Scottish pre-1700 traffectar, pre-1700 traffecter, pre-1700 traffictar, pre-1700 trafickegryter (transmission error), pre-1700 trafiquicker (probably transmission error), 1700s traffrequer (transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: traffic v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < traffic v. + -er suffix¹.Compare Middle French traficqueur , traffiqueur , French (now rare) trafiqueur trader, merchant (1541 with reference to illicit trading (and now only in this specific use), 1550 with neutral connotation), schemer, deceiver (1611 in Cotgrave), go-between, negotiator (a1614; late 15th cent. in sense ‘person who divulges secrets’). The Older Scots forms in -ct- are reverse spellings reflecting 15th-cent. loss of /t/ after /k/ (compare note at traffic v.). In form trafickegryter perhaps a jumbling of trafficker n. and regrater n. (compare forms at that entry). 1. a. A person engaged in trading, esp. one who buys and sells goods as an occupation; a trader, a merchant, a dealer. Now rare and chiefly historical.With the increasing predominance in the 20th cent. of the senses relating to illegal or illicit trade (see senses 1c and 1d), this sense generally declined. However it is still current in the Caribbean with reference to a person who trades legitimately in agricultural produce and household goods between the Caribbean Islands and neighbouring territories (see quot. 1993 and cf. traffic v. 1a). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] mongereOE chapmanc890 haberdasher1311 need doera1382 handlera1398 unfreeman1445 occupier1509 taker-up1548 trafficker1560 pliers1565 copeman1566 trader1566 copemaster1579 couper1581 drover1585 negotiator1596 merchandiser1597 coper1609 dealer1611 commercer1632 market-maker1647 general dealer1709 negotianta1774 outfitter1829 man- 1560 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 96 The gret hurt and skaith sustenit be the fremen, merchandis craftismen and nychtbouris of this burgh, be vnfremen traffecteris within the samyn. 1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles xix. cxxv. 704 For by reason it [sc. Ephesus] was of situation and fruitfulnesse of soyle so commodious for traffiquers, it grewe to be passing riche. 1667 T. Vincent God's Terrible Voice vi. 69 The buyers and sellers have now forsaken the streets: Grace-church-street, Cornhill, Cheapside, Newgate Market, and the like places, which used..to have throngs of traffiquers, now are become empty of inhabitants. a1727 I. Newton Observ. Coin (1730) 10 Traffickers in money will get above 6 per Cent by sending Gold to Spain. 1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea v. 74 The traffickers were exchanging their goods laboriously. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. iii. 48 An itinerant trafficker in broken glass and rags. 1906 Economist 8 Dec. 1998/2 Shipowners who equip themselves to serve a particular avenue of trade..should not combine to punish the traffickers in that trade, in order to keep out competition. 1988 A. R. Lewis Nomads & Crusaders (1991) i. iii. 58 Since Byzantine traders were discouraged..from venturing beyond the empire's borders..this tended to turn over..external commerce to foreign traffickers. 1993 Preliminary Study on Golden Apple (ICCA Office in Grenada) 1/2 An increasing supply [of fruits] was being shipped from Grenada and St. Vincent to Trinidad by hucksters and traffickers. b. figurative and in extended use. Chiefly with in. A person who offers as a commodity or deals in something which is not generally regarded as an object of trade, esp. something abstract, as death, misery, etc.With quot. 1900 cf. sense 1c. ΚΠ 1595 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1882) 1st Ser. V. 217 [Andro Kanyeauch] wes ane speciall trafficquair in that unlauchfull and tressounable trade [i.e. forgery]. 1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket iii. 108 Pardon for offences committed: nay, Indulgences for future sinnes... And let the traffiquers speake from their owne feeling how cheape they are. 1662 in tr. J. Olivier Disc. Women Ep. Ded. The Translator looks like a forbidden Trafficker in the Custom of Women, and an Interloper in the Merchantry of such Commodities. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. iii. ii. 175 Traffickers of inward Worth and Liberty for outward Gain. 1869 Echo 28 Aug. Practices familiar to many generations of hardened traffickers in votes. 1900 I. M. Condit Chinaman as we see Him xiii. 145 Parents..are willing to sell their girls to these traffickers in the flesh of innocent little girls. 1933 N. Beverley Cry Havoc! ii. 36 A man who sells, at a profit, instruments for the destruction of other men, is a trafficker in death. 2010 G. Seymour Dealer & Dead (2014) vi. 139 Dealers are nasty people, merchants of death, bad people, traffickers in misery. c. In early use chiefly with in. A person engaged in the trade in or procurement of human beings for the purpose of slavery or exploitation; (in later use esp.) a person who forcibly or illegally relocates people from one country or region to another, typically for coercion into prostitution, forced labour, or other forms of exploitation.See also child trafficker n., human trafficker n.Originally perhaps simply a contextual use of sense 1a, but from the early 20th cent. emerging as a distinct sense. ΚΠ a1785 R. Glover Athenaid (1787) II. xiii. 329 Let these to some fell traficker in slaves Be sold. 1846 Liberator (Boston) 22 May 82/5 He only needs to be transported..to the coast of Africa, to become a slave trafficker. 1895 Chinese Recorder Dec. 566 She fled to the Home... Its existence is a constant menace to the traffickers in women. 1905 Corr. Internat. Conf. White Slave Traffic (Misc. No. 3) 13 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2667) CIII. 1027 Traffickers or their accomplices, or girls under age evidently bound for foreign countries for immoral purposes. 1940 W. C. Reckless Criminal Behavior vii. 138 The Oriental traffickers have so complete a control over their victims that the latter regard them sometimes..as guardians invested with parental authority over them. 2011 P. Kotiswaran Dangerous Sex, Invisible Labor i. 6 A white male tourist wanders about a marketplace, oblivious to..a young boy coerced into begging being beaten by his trafficker. d. A person engaged in illegal or illicit trading; a smuggler; (now esp.) a person who transports officially controlled or stolen goods or substances from one country or region to another in the course of illegal trade.Frequently with modifying word specifying the item traded or dealt in; see also drug trafficker n., etc.Apparently originally used with reference to illicit trading in prisons, and gaining currency in the second half of the 20th cent. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > trader in illicit goods trafficker1898 1898 Quorn (S. Austral.) Mercury 19 Aug. A sovereign that had been conveyed to him by the trafficker was found upon him [sc. the prisoner], and he was punished..with fourteen days' bread and water. 1903 Pharmaceut. Era Mar. 244/1 It was proposed to expel cocaine-traffickers from membership... But it is extremely doubtful whether our great association includes any of those who make a business of supplying ‘dope’ to a daily string of ‘friends’. 1958 N.Y. Times 4 May 7/1 A force of 150 Aden Government guards led by a British agent raided today the headquarters of arms traffickers at Dar Saad. 1973 Guardian 15 Mar. 4/5 The men had been in Texas for the specific purpose of buying weapons and ammunition from Mexican traffickers. 2020 D. R. Liddick Transnational Organized Crime iii. 66 Ivory produces $50 per kilogram for poachers..and $3,000 per kilo for transnational traffickers. 2. Originally and in early use chiefly Scottish. A go-between or intermediary agent in clandestine dealings; a plotter, a schemer, a conspirator. Also (esp. in later use) more generally: a person who engages in dealings or communication with another, typically an enemy or malevolent supernatural being. Now somewhat rare.In the late 16th and 17th centuries often with reference to Roman Catholic proselytizers or plotters against the state or established religion; cf. traffic v. 4a(a), trafficking adj. 1, and trafficking n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > plotter > conspirator conspirator1413 confederate1495 confederator1536 conspirer1539 conjuratorc1550 trafficker1570 conjurate1571 compacter1592 complotter1592 conspirant1603 cabalist1642 consulter1679 caballer1686 Catilinarian1824 co-plotter1889 1570 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1903) III. 384 Thome Bischop wes ye first trafficquar betuix ye bischop of Ros and ye said Johnne. ?1596 Exam. H. Barrowe sig. Ciij^v The Pope and his trafiquers would be vtterly void of al hope to set vp the standerd of the man of sin againe in this noble kingdome. a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) vi. 332 Understanding Mr. Iames Areskin to be a trafficker betwixt Marre, Angus, and others, he did belay the ways, to the end he might speak with him. c1667 G. Blackhall Brieffe Narration (1844) 31 He..is such trafecter that fiew or no Protestants that become his tenants, or servants, escape without being perverted by him. 1687 Royal Proclam. in London Gaz. No. 2221/4 For being Papists, Jesuits, or Traffickers, for hearing, or saying of Mass. a1709 J. Nimmo Narr. (1889) 76 Mr. Hoge..was jelousd for a spay or traffecker for Munmoth. 1714 G. Lockhart Mem. Affairs Scotl. 82 A Person..Guilty of the most Horrid Crimes, and a Trafficker with France. 1843 F. R. Nixon Lect. Catech. Church of Eng. xxxii. 387 He was an impostor, a magician, a trafficker with the powers of darkness. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona ix. 96 The whole clan of old Jacobite spies and traffickers. 1908 R. J. Wilkinson Papers on Malay Subj.: Life & Customs Pt. I 49 He is the priest of an older religion and theoretically a trafficker with evil spirits. 1969 W. L. Langer Explor. in Crisis ii. xii. 236 The Hapsburgs, traitors to Germanism and traffickers with the Slavs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1560
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