Tophetn.

Brit.

/ˈtəʊfɪt/, U.S.

/ˈtoʊfət/

Forms: Also Middle English tofeth, Middle English–1800s topheth.

Etymology: < Hebrew topheth proper name, of uncertain etymology. For conjectures, see references in Oxford Heb. & Eng. Lex. s.v., One of the most ancient sought to connect it with toph n.² or its verb: see quots. 1382 at sense 1, 1749 at sense 1, 1865 at sense 1.

1. originally. Proper name of a place near Gehenna or the Valley of the Son or Children of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where, according to Jeremiah xix. 4, etc., the Jews made human sacrifices to strange gods. Later it was used as a place for the deposit of refuse, and became symbolic of the torments of hell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > refuse disposal > [noun] > place for disposing of refuse

Tophet1382

shooting-ground1835

shoot1851

dumping-ground1857

dump1872

toom1882

dust-shoot1883

coup1886

nuisance ground1889

tip1890

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > torment of Hell > place symbolizing (Jewish)

Tophet1382

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [noun] > Middle East > Israel > districts of

Tophet1382

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Kings xxiii. 10 Forsothe he defoulide Topheth, that is in the valeye of the sone of Ennon, that no man schuld sacryn his sone or his douȝtre thorȝ fyr to Moloch [a1425 has marg. note..Tophet signefieth tympan..for the prestis of this idol, maden noyse with timpans, lest fadres and modris schulden here the cry of her sones, diynge bi fier in the hondis of the idol].

1535 M. Coverdale 2 Kings xxiii. 10 He suspended Tophet also in the valley of the children of Ennon [etc.].

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings xxiii. 10 He defiled Topheth .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 404 [Moloch] made his Grove The pleasant Vally of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna call'd, the Type of Hell.

1749 T. Stackhouse New Hist. Bible (ed. 2) II. vi. iv. 911 (note) It is the general Opinion of the Jews, that the Word Tophet comes from Thoph, which, in their Language, signifies a Drum.

1865 A. B. Grosart tr. Pintus Lambs all Safe 117 That the parents of the child might not hear its wailing, the priests beat drums, from which cause the place was called Tophet, or a drum.

2. The place of punishment for the wicked after death; the place of eternal fire; hell, Gehenna.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun]

helleOE

hellOE

perditiona1382

perishingc1384

welling woea1400

hellwardc1400

Topheta1425

gehenne1481

to devilwardc1550

limbo1581

Averna1592

Hades1597

Sheol1599

other place1604

underworld1608

infernals1613

gehenna1623

lower world1639

netherworld1640

pandemonium1667

subterrenea1711

diablerie1776

inferno1834

ballyhooly1837

nether region1839

Sam Hill1839

Ballyhack1843

tunket1871

bogydom1880

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxx. 33 For whi Tophet [1382 Tofeth], that is, helle, deep and alargid, is maad redi of the kyng fro ȝistirdai.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxx. 33 For Tophet [1885 R.V. a Topheth] is ordained of olde..the breath of the Lord, like a streame of brimstone doeth kindle it.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2 I fear that this burden..will sinck me lower then the Grave; and I shall fall into Tophet.

a1708 W. Beveridge Private Thoughts Relig. (1709) 150 I never did see..the flaming Tophet that is below.

1825 W. Scott Talisman v, in Tales Crusaders IV. 96 Whose ashes, when this earthly fuel is burnt out, must yet be flung into Tophet.

3. figurative. A place, state, condition, or company likened to hell.

a. A ‘hell upon earth’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] > likened to hell or purgatory

purgatorya1393

Tophet1618

society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > place of evil

swallowc1380

hella1450

sink1526

pump1531

Sodom?1550

Tophet1618

pandemonium1800

hell's kitchen1827

sin city1973

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [noun] > abstract quality or thing

Tophet1618

infernalism1864

1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage E ij b Yet all I saw was pleasure mixt with profit, which prou'd it to be no tormenting Tophet.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 498 The chief of this Tophet [Claverhouse], a soldier of distinguished courage and professional skill, but rapacious and profane.

1883 M. E. Braddon Golden Calf xxv, If she could..lead her husband's footsteps out of this Tophet into which he had sunk himself.

b. A place or state of wild chaos and warring elements; a roaring furnace; a raging whirlpool, a maelstrom.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] > chaos

havoc1480

chaos?1533

tohu-bohu1619

Tophet1837

carnage1848

choss1937

1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales (1851) I. x. 172 Converted quite to steam, in the miniature tophet, which you mistake for a stomach.

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 16 Shuffling off The hearer's soul through hurricanes of notes To a noisy Tophet.

1912 Daily News 4 July 1 The officer barked out the short order, ‘Load twelve-inch gun’... Instantly tophet was let loose in the turret.

Compounds

Tophet-black, Tophet-red adjs.

ΚΠ

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. v. iv. 312 Simultaneously with this Tophet-black aspect, there unfolds itself another aspect, which one may call a Tophet-red aspect: the Destruction of the Catholic Religion; and indeed, for the time being, of Religion itself.

Derivatives

Toˈphetic adj. Apparently an isolated use.

Toˈphetical adj. of, pertaining to, or of the nature of Tophet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective]

nethereOE

hellena1225

infernalc1374

infern?a1513

hellish1530

helly1532

Avernal?1548

hellic1566

subterrestrial1592

Plutonic1596

Acherontic1597

Plutonical1599

Stygian1601

subterranean1603

Plutonian1604

Acherontical1610

subterraneous1631

subterraneal1643

Tophetical1684

pandemoniac1793

submundane1805

subterrene1809

netherworld1828

pandemonic1833

Acheronian1849

transacherontic1854

Avernian1864

trans-Stygian1899

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [adjective]

hellish1542

Tophetical1684

Tartarean1806

society > morality > moral evil > [adjective] > like hell

hellish1542

Tartareous1619

Tophetical1684

Tartarean1806

1684 N. S. tr. R. Simon Crit. Enq. Editions Bible xxv. 226 All the stratagems of Popery, all the tophitical Tyranny of the School-men.

1859 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee I. 20 It is brutality rendered dangerous and Tophetical by excessive bumptuousness. [Cf. quot. 1849 at sense 3a.]

ˈTophetize v. (transitive) to make a Tophet or hell of.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi vii. App. 105/2 A Room Tophetized with Smoke, and Rhume, and Spittle, and Malice, and Lies.

ˈTophetism n. hellishness.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [noun]

hellishness1573

infernality1805

Tophetism1859

society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > place of evil > quality of being hellish

hellishness1573

infernality1805

Tophetism1859

infernalism1864

1859 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee I. 38 The idealized Tophetism of a trooper's ‘damning’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tophet
释义	Tophetn. Brit. /ˈtəʊfɪt/, U.S. /ˈtoʊfət/ Forms: Also Middle English tofeth, Middle English–1800s topheth. Etymology: < Hebrew topheth proper name, of uncertain etymology. For conjectures, see references in Oxford Heb. & Eng. Lex. s.v., One of the most ancient sought to connect it with toph n.² or its verb: see quots. 1382 at sense 1, 1749 at sense 1, 1865 at sense 1. 1. originally. Proper name of a place near Gehenna or the Valley of the Son or Children of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where, according to Jeremiah xix. 4, etc., the Jews made human sacrifices to strange gods. Later it was used as a place for the deposit of refuse, and became symbolic of the torments of hell. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > refuse disposal > [noun] > place for disposing of refuse Tophet1382 shooting-ground1835 shoot1851 dumping-ground1857 dump1872 toom1882 dust-shoot1883 coup1886 nuisance ground1889 tip1890 the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > torment of Hell > place symbolizing (Jewish) Tophet1382 the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [noun] > Middle East > Israel > districts of Tophet1382 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Kings xxiii. 10 Forsothe he defoulide Topheth, that is in the valeye of the sone of Ennon, that no man schuld sacryn his sone or his douȝtre thorȝ fyr to Moloch [a1425 has marg. note..Tophet signefieth tympan..for the prestis of this idol, maden noyse with timpans, lest fadres and modris schulden here the cry of her sones, diynge bi fier in the hondis of the idol]. 1535 M. Coverdale 2 Kings xxiii. 10 He suspended Tophet also in the valley of the children of Ennon [etc.]. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings xxiii. 10 He defiled Topheth . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 404 [Moloch] made his Grove The pleasant Vally of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna call'd, the Type of Hell. View more context for this quotation 1749 T. Stackhouse New Hist. Bible (ed. 2) II. vi. iv. 911 (note) It is the general Opinion of the Jews, that the Word Tophet comes from Thoph, which, in their Language, signifies a Drum. 1865 A. B. Grosart tr. Pintus Lambs all Safe 117 That the parents of the child might not hear its wailing, the priests beat drums, from which cause the place was called Tophet, or a drum. 2. The place of punishment for the wicked after death; the place of eternal fire; hell, Gehenna. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] helleOE hellOE perditiona1382 perishingc1384 welling woea1400 hellwardc1400 Topheta1425 gehenne1481 to devilwardc1550 limbo1581 Averna1592 Hades1597 Sheol1599 other place1604 underworld1608 infernals1613 gehenna1623 lower world1639 netherworld1640 pandemonium1667 subterrenea1711 diablerie1776 inferno1834 ballyhooly1837 nether region1839 Sam Hill1839 Ballyhack1843 tunket1871 bogydom1880 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxx. 33 For whi Tophet [1382 Tofeth], that is, helle, deep and alargid, is maad redi of the kyng fro ȝistirdai. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxx. 33 For Tophet [1885 R.V. a Topheth] is ordained of olde..the breath of the Lord, like a streame of brimstone doeth kindle it. View more context for this quotation 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2 I fear that this burden..will sinck me lower then the Grave; and I shall fall into Tophet. a1708 W. Beveridge Private Thoughts Relig. (1709) 150 I never did see..the flaming Tophet that is below. 1825 W. Scott Talisman v, in Tales Crusaders IV. 96 Whose ashes, when this earthly fuel is burnt out, must yet be flung into Tophet. 3. figurative. A place, state, condition, or company likened to hell. a. A ‘hell upon earth’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] > likened to hell or purgatory purgatorya1393 Tophet1618 society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > place of evil swallowc1380 hella1450 sink1526 pump1531 Sodom?1550 Tophet1618 pandemonium1800 hell's kitchen1827 sin city1973 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [noun] > abstract quality or thing Tophet1618 infernalism1864 1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage E ij b Yet all I saw was pleasure mixt with profit, which prou'd it to be no tormenting Tophet. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 498 The chief of this Tophet [Claverhouse], a soldier of distinguished courage and professional skill, but rapacious and profane. 1883 M. E. Braddon Golden Calf xxv, If she could..lead her husband's footsteps out of this Tophet into which he had sunk himself. b. A place or state of wild chaos and warring elements; a roaring furnace; a raging whirlpool, a maelstrom. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] > chaos havoc1480 chaos?1533 tohu-bohu1619 Tophet1837 carnage1848 choss1937 1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales (1851) I. x. 172 Converted quite to steam, in the miniature tophet, which you mistake for a stomach. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 16 Shuffling off The hearer's soul through hurricanes of notes To a noisy Tophet. 1912 Daily News 4 July 1 The officer barked out the short order, ‘Load twelve-inch gun’... Instantly tophet was let loose in the turret. Compounds Tophet-black, Tophet-red adjs. ΚΠ 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. v. iv. 312 Simultaneously with this Tophet-black aspect, there unfolds itself another aspect, which one may call a Tophet-red aspect: the Destruction of the Catholic Religion; and indeed, for the time being, of Religion itself. Derivatives Toˈphetic adj. Apparently an isolated use. Toˈphetical adj. of, pertaining to, or of the nature of Tophet. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] nethereOE hellena1225 infernalc1374 infern?a1513 hellish1530 helly1532 Avernal?1548 hellic1566 subterrestrial1592 Plutonic1596 Acherontic1597 Plutonical1599 Stygian1601 subterranean1603 Plutonian1604 Acherontical1610 subterraneous1631 subterraneal1643 Tophetical1684 pandemoniac1793 submundane1805 subterrene1809 netherworld1828 pandemonic1833 Acheronian1849 transacherontic1854 Avernian1864 trans-Stygian1899 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [adjective] hellish1542 Tophetical1684 Tartarean1806 society > morality > moral evil > [adjective] > like hell hellish1542 Tartareous1619 Tophetical1684 Tartarean1806 1684 N. S. tr. R. Simon Crit. Enq. Editions Bible xxv. 226 All the stratagems of Popery, all the tophitical Tyranny of the School-men. 1859 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee I. 20 It is brutality rendered dangerous and Tophetical by excessive bumptuousness. [Cf. quot. 1849 at sense 3a.] ˈTophetize v. (transitive) to make a Tophet or hell of.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi vii. App. 105/2 A Room Tophetized with Smoke, and Rhume, and Spittle, and Malice, and Lies. ˈTophetism n. hellishness.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [noun] hellishness1573 infernality1805 Tophetism1859 society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > place of evil > quality of being hellish hellishness1573 infernality1805 Tophetism1859 infernalism1864 1859 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee I. 38 The idealized Tophetism of a trooper's ‘damning’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1382
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