† topen.1
Obsolete.
A measure (of hay, corn, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units
skep1100
strike13..
strick1421
muida1425
hoop1520
tope1530
stroke1532
anker1597
corn-hoop1660
gallon1684
acherset1701
1530–1 in J. Raine Durham Househ. Bk. (1844) 263 [In threshing and winnowing account] Item 4 topez of pyese.
1618 Inv. F. Banks in W. F. Irvine Hist. Rivington, Lanc. 65 Item, a tope of haye.
1676 Will of Jas. Kenyon of Middleton, Lanc. (Prob. Reg. Chester) In the Barne. A tope of Wheate 10s. 0d. 2 topes of Barley 14s. 0d. A tope of Oates 3l. 6s. 8d.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
topen.2
/təʊp/, U.S. /toʊp/ a. A small species of shark, Galeus galeorhinus or G. canis, native to British seas, especially off the coast of Cornwall. Called also dogfish, penny-dog, miller's-dog.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Carcharinidae > galeorhinus galeus (dogfish)
tope1686
rig1887
vaalhaai1947
1686 F. Willughby & J. Ray De Hist. Piscium i. xii. 22 Canis galeus Rondeletii & aliorum. Cornubiensibus, ni fallor, A Tope dicitur.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 236 The Dog Fish.., the Zygæna, the Tope, the Cat Fish.
1846 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Vertebr. Animals iii. 56 In the Tope..may be seen the highest stage of vertebral ossification in the Chondropterygian Fishes.
1909 Daily Chron. 9 Oct. 7/3 Another kind of shark..is the tope, an ugly and rapacious brute, attaining an average length of about six feet.
b. The Australasian species, Galeus australis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Scyliorhinidae > member of genus Galeus
thornback dog1668
black-mouthed dogfish1836
miller's dog1836
penny dog1836
miller-dog1848
blackmouth1851
dog1860
galeidan1868
galeid1889
tope1898
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. Tope, an Australasian Shark, Galeus australis, Macl...Called also School-Shark.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
topen.3
/təʊp/, U.S. /toʊp/ A local name for the Wren.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Troglodytidae > genus Troglodytes > species troglodytes (wren)
wrenc725
little kingc1450
Our Lady's hena1529
jenny wren1648
regulus1678
tope1813
staga1825
kitty1825
feather-poke1831
robin1837
robin redbreasta1873
jenny1881
St. Kilda wren1884
1813 G. Montagu Suppl. Ornithol. Dict. Tope, vide Wren-common.
1813 G. Montagu Suppl. Ornithol. Dict. Tope, vide Wren-common.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 35 Stag, Tope (Norfolk, Cornwall).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
topen.4
/təʊp/, U.S. /toʊp/ East India.
A clump, grove, or plantation of trees; in Upper India, chiefly of fruit trees; esp. a mango grove or orchard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > orchard or fruit garden
orchardOE
arbour1377
pomaryc1390
orchat1499
fruit-yard1555
fruitery1609
tope1698
orcharding1721
arbory1792
huerta1838
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 41 The Country is..plentiful in Provisions; in all Places Topes of Trees.
1792 Q. Craufurd Sketches Hindoos (ed. 2) II. 104 (note) Topes are very frequent, and some..containing perhaps 100 acres of land.
1826 Soldier's Album 82 The word ‘tope’ means clump... We encamped nightly in the topes of Mangoe trees.
1834 Penny Cycl. II. 233/1 The ‘toddy topes’, or coco-nut tree orchards, are very extensive in Ceylon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
topen.5
/təʊp/, U.S. /toʊp/ East India.
An ancient structure, in the form of a dome or tumulus of masonry, for the preservation of relics or in commemoration of some fact; numerous specimens, usually of Buddhist or Jain origin, exist in India and south-eastern Asia. A tope containing relics is specially called a dagoba n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > mound or dome
mind hilla1425
mound1775
Indian mound1791
tope1815
tell1840
stupa1841
ruin-mound1911
ahu1917
ishan1921
pillow mound1928
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul Introd. 80 (note) Tope is an expression used for a mound or burrow as far west as Peshawer.
1853 M. Elphinstone in Calcutta Rev. July–Dec. 266 The famous Tope at Manikhyla.
1882 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 360 A tope may be described as a domed structure, not unlike the dome of St. Paul's if it were lifted from the cathedral and placed on the ground.
1886 Guide Galleries Brit. Mus. 202 A Tope is a shrine peculiar to the Buddhist religion... In the centre is a solid dome-shaped structure, termed a dagoba, enclosing one or more small chests, with relics of Buddha or of his principal followers. This is generally surrounded by an elaborately carved rail.
1903 Athenæum 26 Sept. 405/2 A notable feature of these towns, the dagabas, or topes, are not themselves especially Buddhist monuments.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
topev.1
/təʊp/, U.S. /toʊp/ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > tilt yard
topc1550
peak1626
speek1644
tope1669
cockbill1829
trip1840
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 17 Tope your Sprit-sail Yard.
2.
a. To tilt over, cause to slope or lean to one side; to overturn, turn upside down; = top v.2 1b. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > place in a sloping position > tilt
sway1570
tilt1594
tip1624
tope1684
cant1711
1684 She-Wedding ⁋6 in Harl. Misc. (1810) VI. 404 When the good wives are together, toping their noses over the brandy-bottle.
1701 G. Farquhar Sir Harry Wildair iv. i. 30 Here, Boy.—No Nants left.—([stage direct.] Topes the Glass.)
1901 F. E. Taylor Folk-speech S. Lancs. (E.D.D.) Hoo [= she] tope't her yed o' one soide.
b. intransitive. To incline, nod, or fall to one side; to topple or fall over; to fall asleep; to die. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > topple over
welt13..
tiltc1390
overfalla1400
waltc1400
tirvec1425
top over tervea1450
overtumble1487
overwelta1522
to fall over1541
top1545
topple1600
tramble1609
tope1796
tottle1830
overtopple1855
whemmel1895
pitch-pole1896
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > go to sleep or fall asleep
to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE
to fall overa1752
to go off1813
to drop off1820
to fall off1822
to get off to sleep1837
to fall off1862
tope1863
sleepy-baw1907
to go out1928
to zizz off1962
1796 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. (ed. 2) II. 353 To Towp, to heel: to towp-over; to topple.
1800 Specimens Yorks. Dial. 24 (E.D.D.) T'ows [the ox] towpt ower hedge intil a lang dyke.
1863 B. Brierley Chrons. Waverlow 168 If her father would ‘just tope o'er’ [doze off, fall asleep]..she could steal out.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Towp, Towple, or Towple down, to fall over.
c1900 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (E. Yorks.) Old you [ewe] 'z boon te toup ower.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
topev.2
Now only literary or archaic.
1. transitive. To drink, esp. to drink copiously and habitually.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)]
bibc1400
swill1563
tipple1581
tun1589
bezzle1612
tope1654
soak1697
bibulate1767
to go a bust1939
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (transitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor > freely
bibc1400
waught?a1513
quaff1558
swill1563
carouse1580
tipple1581
bibble1582
tun1589
bousea1612
tope1654
fuddle1756
demolish1864
to throw back1943
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. ix. 230 Tope it about mine Host; the wine bags now Had been as good, as milke of the red Cow.
c1679 in Roxburghe Ballads (1890) VII. 13 They tope the brandy, beer, and ale.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 41 And could we tope an Ocean, His due we hardly give.
1772 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. I. 410 Fat John will no more..snore by the great kitchen fire or tope Staffordshire ale!
1876 T. S. Egan tr. H. Heine Atta Troll 250 Our Rhine-wine constantly toping.
2. intransitive. To drink largely or in large draughts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)]
to drink deepa1300
bousec1300
bibc1400
to drink drunk1474
quaff1520
to set cock on the hoopa1535
boll1535
quass1549
tipple1560
swillc1563
carouse1567
guzzle1579
fuddle1588
overdrink1603
to drink the three outs1622
to bouse it1623
sota1639
drifflec1645
to drink like a fisha1653
tope1668
soak1687
to play at swig1688
to soak one's clay (or face)1704
impote1721
rosin1730
dram1740
booze1768
to suck (also sup) the monkey1785
swattle1785
lush1811
to lift up the little finger1812
to lift one's (or the) elbow1823
to crook one's elbow or little finger1825
jollify1830
to bowse up the jib1836
swizzle1847
peg1874
to hit the booze, bottle, jug, pot1889
to tank up1902
sozzle1937
to belt the bottle1941
indulge1953
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor > freely
wassailc1300
waught?a1513
quaff1520
to drink (it) all outa1522
bibblea1529
quaught1530
to set cock on the hoopa1535
quass1549
tipple1560
swillc1563
carouse1567
to drink, quaff (pledge one) carouse1567
troll-the-bowl1575
to take one's rousea1593
pot1622
tope1668
toot1676
compotate1694
to soak one's clay (or face)1704
birlea1800
to splice the mainbrace1805
jollify1830
brimmer1838
to give it a bit of a nudge1966
nudge1966
1668 J. Dryden Secret-love v. i. 52 I'le Tope with you, I'le Sing with you, I'le Dance with you.
1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 8 I can go into the Cardinals Cellar, and tye my nose to one barrel, and my horse to another, and tope who shall tope most for a wager.
a1701 C. Sedley Toper in Wks. (1722) II. 23 Let's Tope and be Merry, Be Jolly and Cheary.
1754 Connoisseur No. 9. ⁋4 On Sundays, while the husbands are toping at the alehouse,..their wives..go to church.
1827 T. Hood Don't you smell Fire? 7 Now where can the turn~cock be drinking?.. But he still may tope on, for I'm thinking That the plugs are as dry as himself.
Derivatives
ˈtoping n. (also attributive) and adj.The word in first quot. may be for topping n.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun]
overdrinkeOE
drinkingc1200
excessc1386
bibbinga1400
bollingc1540
boozingc1540
bousingc1540
swillingc1563
tippling1567
carousing1582
swinking1590
bezzling1598
swill1602
swink1611
overdrinking1616
popination1623
sottishness1648
fuddling1665
toping1668
bibbership1670
abuse1732
dram-drinking1772
dramminga1790
potation1808
spree1811
muzzling1828
bibbery1831
Bacchanalianism1855
Bacchanalism1858
smiling1858
bibulation1882
tanking1891
reeler1950
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective]
bibbling1565
tippling1567
bousing1569
bibbing1594
stiff1594
upsy Dutch1612
bezzling1617
fuddling1654
potulent1656
toping1668
groggy1770
Bacchant1800
three-bottle1806
swilly1824
potatory1834
two-bottle1855
1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all v. 68 A rare toping health this.
a1680 S. Butler Epigr. on Club of Sots The jolly Members of a toping Club.
1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian i. i. 6 This Mufti..is some English Renegade, he talks so savourly of toping.
a1701 C. Sedley To Phillis in Wks. (1722) II. 17 A Club of Witty, Toping Boys.
1709 O. Dykes Eng. Proverbs (ed. 2) 298 Tipling, and Toping, and Bouzing above Measure, is as bad as Bouncing in our Liquor.
1753 Scots Mag. Oct. 491/2 I had..got by heart several toping..songs.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! I. ii. 60 To amuse themselves in something more intellectual than mere toping in pothouses.
1884 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 314 The country squires who sang Durfey's songs at their ‘toping-tables’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2019).
† topeint.
Obsolete.
An exclamation used in drinking; apparently = I pledge you.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking salutations [interjection]
rivoa1593
my service to you1637
tope1651
three times three1683
hob or nob1756
bottoms up!1858
chin chin1888
here's hoping, how, looking (at you), luck1896
down the hatch1918
cheerio1919
cheero1919
(here's) mud in your eye1927
cheers1930
lechayim1932
salut1933
salud1938
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking salutations [interjection] > in drinking healths
have towardsc1400
here's to1597
skol1600
tope1651
hob or nob1756
slainte1824
here's hoping, how, looking (at you), luck1888
santé1903
prosit1916
here's to the skin off your nose1925
(here's) mud in your eye1927
lechayim1932
1651 T. Stanley Excit. Anacreon in Poems 94 By thy tall Majestic Flaggons; By Mas, Tope, and thy Flap-dragons..To thy frolick Order call us, Knights of the deep Bowle install us.
1659 J. Shirley Honoria & Mammon v. i 2nd Sol. To my Colonel, honest Squanderbag. (Drinks.) 1st Sol. Who wants my colonel? 2nd Sol. I want it, tope: give me 't.
1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. ii. viii. 25 Fill us t'other quart, That we may drink the Colonel's health... Why dost thou frown, thou arrant Clown? Hey boyes—Tope.
1664 G. Etherege Comical Revenge ii. iii. 25 Lend me your hand, Sir..; here's a good health To all that are so: Tope——here pledg me.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.11530
n.21686
n.31813n.41698n.51815v.11669v.21654int.1651