torusn.

Brit.

/ˈtɔːrəs/, U.S.

/ˈtɔrəs/,

/ˈtoʊrəs/

Forms: Plural tori

/ˈtɔrʌɪ/.

Etymology: Latin torus a swelling, bulge, knot; muscle, brawn; bolster, cushion, couch, etc.: in Architecture a round moulding.

1. Architecture. A large convex moulding, of semicircular or similar section, used especially at the base of a column: resembling the astragal, but much larger.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > base > parts of base

plinth1563

torus1563

sub-basec1619

list1663

tore1664

breast1669

supercilium1686

orle1706

orlo1715

ball of a pillar1736

baston1738

batoon1819

griffe1875

1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Diii The Torus, beneth shalbe the forth part greater then the Torus aboue.

1768 J. Spence in E. Holdsworth Remarks & Diss. Virgil 16 The plant which we see sometimes carved on the Torus of Pillars.

1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) xiii. 271 Stairs of polished stone, ornamented in front and at the outer edge by the common fillet and torus.

1873 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 13 210 The tori were rudely cross-barred.

2. Botany. The swollen summit of the flower-stalk, which supports the floral organs: = receptacle n. 2, thalamus n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > receptacle or thalamus

receptaculum1725

receptacle1753

thalamus1753

torus1829

1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 537 Sisymbrium. Silique roundish, sessile upon the torus.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §1. 167 The Torus or Receptacle of the flower, also named Thalamus, is the axis which bears all the other parts.

a. Zoology. A protuberant part or organ, as the ventral parapodia in some annelids. torus angularis, a single ossicle which articulates with a pair of interambulacral plates in some starfishes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Asteroidea > member of (starfish) > parts of > ossicle

torus angularis1877

vertebra1891

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals ix. 564 The free surface of the torus angularis lies in the walls of a sort of vestibule in front of the mouth.

Categories »

b. Anatomy. ‘A smooth rounded ridge or elongated protuberance, as of a muscle; spec. the tuber cinereum of the brain’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).

4. Geometry. Originally: a surface or solid generated by the revolution of a circle or other conic about any axis; e.g. a solid ring of circular or elliptic section. In modern use, a surface or solid conceived of as generated by the circular motion of a circle about an axis outside itself but lying in its plane; also, any body topologically equivalent to this, having one hole in it but not necessarily circular in form or cross-section.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > solid of revolution > formed from curve > torus

anchor ring1783

annulus1802

tore1867

torus1870

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > annular quality > ring > torus or torus-shaped object

ruff1622

doughnut1884

toroid1886

torus1958

1870 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers VII. 246 The ‘Conic Torus’, or surface generated by the rotation of a conic about a line whether not in or in the plane of the conic.

1871 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers VIII. 25 The general Torus, or surface generated by the rotation of a conic about a fixed axis anywise situate.

1958 Times 25 Jan. 4/5 The Zeta apparatus is essentially a ring-shaped metal tube, or torus,..containing deuterium gas at low pressure.

1966 E. H. Spanier Algebraic Topol. 148 The surface with one handle is topologically the torus.

1976 Offshore Platforms & Pipelining 49/1 The base structure consists of a torus through which the piles are placed.

1977 Time 6 June 54/3 Tokamaks are toruses, or doughnut-shaped chambers, surrounded by huge electromagnets.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations (chiefly in sense 1).

ΚΠ

1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 126 I take a Fillet to be more flat..and..Torus-like.

1789 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1101/2 The torus cap that bears the plinth of the balustrade.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 567 The distinction between torus mouldings and beads in joinery is, that the outer edge of the former always terminates with a fillet, whether the torus be single or double.

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Torus Bead-plane, a certain form of plane for making the semicircular convex molding known as a .

Draft additions 1993

In some conifers and a few flowering plants: the thickened central part of a pit-membrane.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > parts of cell > cell wall and parts

septum1720

pit1839

sieve-plate1875

sieve-pore1875

sieve-tube1875

anticlinal1882

periclinal1882

sieve-vessel1882

pit cavity1884

pit membrane1884

middle lamella1887

torus1887

tonoplast1895

pit canal1911

pit chamber1917

pit aperture1918

pit pair1933

pit field1934

margo1965

sieve-tissue-

1887 W. Hillhouse tr. E. Strasburger Handbk. Pract. Bot. vi. 57 This delicate wall is the closing membrane. In the middle it is more strongly thickened, and forms the so-called torus.

1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant xix. 306 The centre of the pit-membrane itself thickens, forming the ‘torus’, which serves mechanically to meet the risk of rupture following on any unequal pressure on the two sides.

1977 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants (ed. 2) viii. 108/1 No torus develops in the membrane of the half-bordered pit-pairs that occur in walls between conifer tracheids and parenchyma cells.

Draft additions September 2018

Particle Physics. A ring-shaped vacuum chamber forming part of a particle accelerator, tokamak, etc., in which a particle beam is contained by magnetic and electric fields; a tokamak or similar installation having such a chamber.

ΚΠ

1947 Physical Rev. 71 135/1 One field, that linking the torus supplying the current driving e.m.f., is confined in a closed iron core upon which the primary winding is uniformly distributed.

1958 Times 25 Jan. 4/5 The Zeta apparatus is essentially a ring-shaped metal tube, or torus,..containing deuterium gas at low pressure.

1972 Review (Oak Ridge National Lab.) 5 10/1 Figures 7 and 8 show the ELMO Bumpy Torus, or rather half of it. The toroidal tube and the circle of coils are inside a lead x-ray shield.

1994 K. Perry Business & European Community vii. 132 In 1977 the Joint European Torus (JET) project was set up at Culham in Oxfordshire.

2011 M. Irvine Nucl. Power: Very Short Introd. vii. 91 The charged particles of the plasma then follow helical paths round the torus tied to the magnetic field lines.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	torus
释义	torusn. Brit. /ˈtɔːrəs/, U.S. /ˈtɔrəs/, /ˈtoʊrəs/ Forms: Plural tori /ˈtɔrʌɪ/. Etymology: Latin torus a swelling, bulge, knot; muscle, brawn; bolster, cushion, couch, etc.: in Architecture a round moulding. 1. Architecture. A large convex moulding, of semicircular or similar section, used especially at the base of a column: resembling the astragal, but much larger. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > base > parts of base plinth1563 torus1563 sub-basec1619 list1663 tore1664 breast1669 supercilium1686 orle1706 orlo1715 ball of a pillar1736 baston1738 batoon1819 griffe1875 1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Diii The Torus, beneth shalbe the forth part greater then the Torus aboue. 1768 J. Spence in E. Holdsworth Remarks & Diss. Virgil 16 The plant which we see sometimes carved on the Torus of Pillars. 1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) xiii. 271 Stairs of polished stone, ornamented in front and at the outer edge by the common fillet and torus. 1873 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 13 210 The tori were rudely cross-barred. 2. Botany. The swollen summit of the flower-stalk, which supports the floral organs: = receptacle n. 2, thalamus n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > receptacle or thalamus receptaculum1725 receptacle1753 thalamus1753 torus1829 1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 537 Sisymbrium. Silique roundish, sessile upon the torus. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §1. 167 The Torus or Receptacle of the flower, also named Thalamus, is the axis which bears all the other parts. 3. a. Zoology. A protuberant part or organ, as the ventral parapodia in some annelids. torus angularis, a single ossicle which articulates with a pair of interambulacral plates in some starfishes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Asteroidea > member of (starfish) > parts of > ossicle torus angularis1877 vertebra1891 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals ix. 564 The free surface of the torus angularis lies in the walls of a sort of vestibule in front of the mouth. Categories » b. Anatomy. ‘A smooth rounded ridge or elongated protuberance, as of a muscle; spec. the tuber cinereum of the brain’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). 4. Geometry. Originally: a surface or solid generated by the revolution of a circle or other conic about any axis; e.g. a solid ring of circular or elliptic section. In modern use, a surface or solid conceived of as generated by the circular motion of a circle about an axis outside itself but lying in its plane; also, any body topologically equivalent to this, having one hole in it but not necessarily circular in form or cross-section. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > solid of revolution > formed from curve > torus anchor ring1783 annulus1802 tore1867 torus1870 the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > annular quality > ring > torus or torus-shaped object ruff1622 doughnut1884 toroid1886 torus1958 1870 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers VII. 246 The ‘Conic Torus’, or surface generated by the rotation of a conic about a line whether not in or in the plane of the conic. 1871 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers VIII. 25 The general Torus, or surface generated by the rotation of a conic about a fixed axis anywise situate. 1958 Times 25 Jan. 4/5 The Zeta apparatus is essentially a ring-shaped metal tube, or torus,..containing deuterium gas at low pressure. 1966 E. H. Spanier Algebraic Topol. 148 The surface with one handle is topologically the torus. 1976 Offshore Platforms & Pipelining 49/1 The base structure consists of a torus through which the piles are placed. 1977 Time 6 June 54/3 Tokamaks are toruses, or doughnut-shaped chambers, surrounded by huge electromagnets. Compounds attributive and in other combinations (chiefly in sense 1). ΚΠ 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 126 I take a Fillet to be more flat..and..Torus-like. 1789 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1101/2 The torus cap that bears the plinth of the balustrade. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 567 The distinction between torus mouldings and beads in joinery is, that the outer edge of the former always terminates with a fillet, whether the torus be single or double. 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Torus Bead-plane, a certain form of plane for making the semicircular convex molding known as a . Draft additions 1993 In some conifers and a few flowering plants: the thickened central part of a pit-membrane. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > parts of cell > cell wall and parts septum1720 pit1839 sieve-plate1875 sieve-pore1875 sieve-tube1875 anticlinal1882 periclinal1882 sieve-vessel1882 pit cavity1884 pit membrane1884 middle lamella1887 torus1887 tonoplast1895 pit canal1911 pit chamber1917 pit aperture1918 pit pair1933 pit field1934 margo1965 sieve-tissue- 1887 W. Hillhouse tr. E. Strasburger Handbk. Pract. Bot. vi. 57 This delicate wall is the closing membrane. In the middle it is more strongly thickened, and forms the so-called torus. 1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant xix. 306 The centre of the pit-membrane itself thickens, forming the ‘torus’, which serves mechanically to meet the risk of rupture following on any unequal pressure on the two sides. 1977 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants (ed. 2) viii. 108/1 No torus develops in the membrane of the half-bordered pit-pairs that occur in walls between conifer tracheids and parenchyma cells. Draft additions September 2018 Particle Physics. A ring-shaped vacuum chamber forming part of a particle accelerator, tokamak, etc., in which a particle beam is contained by magnetic and electric fields; a tokamak or similar installation having such a chamber. ΚΠ 1947 Physical Rev. 71 135/1 One field, that linking the torus supplying the current driving e.m.f., is confined in a closed iron core upon which the primary winding is uniformly distributed. 1958 Times 25 Jan. 4/5 The Zeta apparatus is essentially a ring-shaped metal tube, or torus,..containing deuterium gas at low pressure. 1972 Review (Oak Ridge National Lab.) 5 10/1 Figures 7 and 8 show the ELMO Bumpy Torus, or rather half of it. The toroidal tube and the circle of coils are inside a lead x-ray shield. 1994 K. Perry Business & European Community vii. 132 In 1977 the Joint European Torus (JET) project was set up at Culham in Oxfordshire. 2011 M. Irvine Nucl. Power: Very Short Introd. vii. 91 The charged particles of the plasma then follow helical paths round the torus tied to the magnetic field lines. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1563
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