tortuousadj.

/ˈtɔːtjuːəs/

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman tortuous (12–13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter) = 14th cent. French tortueux, < Latin tortuōsus, ‘full of crooks or turns or twists’, < tortus a twisting, < tort-, participial stem of torquēre to twist.

a. Full of twists, turns, or bends; twisted, winding, crooked, sinuous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [adjective] > having many or winding curves

tortivous14..

anfractuous?a1425

tortuous1426

tortuea1500

snakish1532

winding1538

wormy1545

boughty1570

wriggled1572

sinuous1578

serpent-likea1586

crankled1594

serpent1597

snaky1600

flexuous1605

snaking1605

cringle-crangle1606

voluminous1611

serpenting?1614

serpentine1615

curvy1623

serpentizing1628

worming1631

lacinious1648

anguineous1656

anguine1657

anfractuose1680

twisting1683

vermicular1712

worm-like1721

flexuose1727

meandering1748

crinkum-crankum1766

serpentiform1777

serpentining1799

anguiform1800

ophite1828

tortuose1829

cranky1836

sinuose1836

serpentile1857

twisty1857

sinuated1859

vermiculatea1864

twinyc1868

tortive1880

crinkle-crankle1881

serpentinous1882

quirky1890

twistical1890

waggly1894

wriggly1901

squiggly1902

wiggly1903

contortionate1911

wig-waggy1914

curvaceous1965

1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 18320 A camell..is so encomerous Off bak corvyd and tortuous.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxii. 393 The dragon..be-tokened the kynge Arthur and his power;..and the taile that was so tortuouse be-tokened the grete treson of the peple.

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. Paralleles tortuouse, whiche bowe contrarie waies with their two endes.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 516 Hee..of his tortuous Traine Curld many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 155 The most difficult and tortuous passages to the heart!

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 309 The root is perennial, creeping, woody, and tortuous.

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. x. 224 We found the river-course very tortuous.

†b. Astronomy. Applied to the six signs of the zodiac from Capricornus to Gemini, which (in northern latitudes) rise more obliquely than the other six. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [adjective] > type of sign

obedienta1393

tortuousc1400

ruminant1633

mute1658

masculine1696

mutable1928

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §28. 38 Thise same signes, fro the heued of capricorne vn-to the ende of geminis, ben cleped tortuos signes or kroked signes, for they arisen embelif on oure Orisonte.

c. Geometry. Applied to a curve of which no two successive portions are in the same plane; also called a non-plane curve, curve in space, or curve of double curvature (see curvature n. 3a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [adjective] > having certain property

mechanical1694

intercepted1702

rectifiable1706

transcendental1706

tortuous1867

monocyclic1869

bicursal1873

irreconcilable1881

closed1882

anautotomic1901

fractal1975

1867 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. I. i. §7 There are not two curvatures, but only a curvature..of which the plane is continuously changing... The course of such a curve is, in common language, well called ‘tortuous’; and the measure of the corresponding property is conveniently called Tortuosity.

2. figurative. Not direct or straightforward; indirect, irregular, devious, circuitous, crooked: esp. in a moral sense. (In quot. 1801 apparently Dealing in quaint ‘turns’ of speech or expression.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > crookedness > [adjective]

crooked?c1225

sinister?1455

indirect1570

undirect1594

involved1612

obliquous1614

unstraight1650

back-handed1800

tortuous1801

twistical1805

louche1819

hooky-crooky1833

underhand1842

twisty1857

underhanded1864

bent1914

society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > not straightforward

crooked?c1225

indirect1570

undirect1594

involved1612

unstraight1650

obliquous1757

tortuous1801

twistical1805

louche1819

hooky-crooky1833

sinuous1850

twisty1905

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adjective] > tortuous

winding1594

tortuous1801

unstraightforward1887

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > euphuistic or precious

quaintc1395

fine1576

romantic1653

precious1712

précieuse1785

tortuous1801

euphuistical1823

euphuistic1828

précieux1891

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [adjective] > complex

intricate?a1500

crabby1550

implicate1555

crabbed1561

intortive1575

implexeda1620

network1675

tortious1682

embarrassed1695

implex1712

wimpleda1722

wrapped1787

hydriform1822

torturous1841

sinuous1853

tortuous1858

involuteda1910

1682 in R. Burthogge Argument Infants Baptisme (1684) iv. 170 The most involved, tortious, intricate, that ever you heard of, except Origens Allegorical and Mystical Commentaries.]

1801 Ld. Calthorpe Let. in Wilberforce's Priv. Papers (1897) 104 Sir W. Scott..was very tortuous and amusing.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. viii. 190 The unscrupulous cunning with which he assisted the execution of the schemes of his master's tortuous policy.

1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iii. vii. 319 A narrow and tortuous criticism.

1865 J. S. Mill Exam. Hamilton's Philos. 415 The tortuous phraseology by which our author evades recognising the ideas of truth and falsity.

1911 Times 2 Nov. 3/4 A more tortuous way of trying to get possession of goods he had never heard of.

3. Malign (obsolete); wrongful. (Misused for or confused with tortious adj.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [adjective] > unfortunate

infortunatec1400

tortuous1594

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [adjective] > tort

tortious1528

tortionary1694

tortuous1839

1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. E4^v What tortuous planets..Hath made the concaue of the earth vnclose?

1839 Times 13 May Keeping tortuous possession of premises after their several gentlemen had departed.

1839 Morning Herald 3 June The first action ever brought against a returning officer for the tortuous refusal of a vote for members of parliament.

Derivatives

ˈtortuously adv. in a tortuous manner (literal and figurative; in quot. 1839 misused for tortiously adv.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > off the direct line > bendingly or windingly

a-crooka1387

acrooka1387

crooked1545

windingly1576

bendingly1658

serpentinely1762

tortuously1839

meanderingly1865

snakily1870

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [adverb] > tortiously

tortiouslya1812

tortuously1839

1839 Morning Herald 3 June Any person, whose vote has been..tortuously refused at an election.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlv. 413 We wound our way tortuously among them.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Aug. 5/1 Puget Sound..runs southward tortuously from Vancouver Island far into the rugged heart of the Washington territory.

ˈtortuousness n. the quality or condition of being tortuous, tortuosity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > crookedness > [noun]

crookednessc1380

deformityc1400

turningnessa1586

indirectiona1616

obliquitya1620

curvity1620

tortuosity1621

indirectness1628

unsinglenessa1658

unstraightness1693

tortuousness1824

underhandedness1884

society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > lack of straightforwardness or uprightness

crookednessc1380

turningnessa1586

indirectiona1616

obliquitya1620

curvity1620

tortuosity1621

indirectness1628

unuprightnessa1680

unstraightness1693

deviousness1727

tortuousness1824

obliqueness1877

the world > space > direction > [noun] > straight or constant direction > deviation from > a turn > condition

tortuousness1824

twistiness1904

1824 New Monthly Mag. 10 175 Musty precedents..which an ingenious tortuousness may call in.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. ix. §91. 308 In proportion to the complexity of social forces is the tortuousness of social movements.

Draft additions 1993

4. Used for torturous adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective]

anguishous?c1225

wounding?c1225

asperc1374

derflya1400

rending?c1400

furiousc1405

fretting1413

piercingc1450

anguish1477

piquant1521

anguishing?1566

plaguing1566

asperous?1567

agonizing1570

tormenting1575

wringing1576

cutting1582

tormentous1583

tormentful1596

tormentuous1597

racking1598

torturous1600

lacerating1609

torturing1611

tearinga1616

heart-aching1620

breast-rending1625

crucifying1648

tormentative1654

martyring?a1656

tormentive1655

discruciating1658

cruciatory1660

anguishful1685

brain-racking1708

probing1749

agonized1793

anguished1803

harrowing1810

vulnerary1821

grinding1869

torturesome1889

wrenching1889

tortuous1922

1922 F. M. Ford Let. 12 Feb. (1965) 138 E. J. is going through such a peevish stage with her teeth that to have her in the house would be no pleasure..to you and it would..be tortuous to Stella.

1988 J. Herbert Haunted xix. 138 Ash felt weak, the heat sapping his strength. Breathing had become tortuous.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tortuous
释义	tortuousadj. /ˈtɔːtjuːəs/ Etymology: < Anglo-Norman tortuous (12–13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter) = 14th cent. French tortueux, < Latin tortuōsus, ‘full of crooks or turns or twists’, < tortus a twisting, < tort-, participial stem of torquēre to twist. 1. a. Full of twists, turns, or bends; twisted, winding, crooked, sinuous. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [adjective] > having many or winding curves tortivous14.. anfractuous?a1425 tortuous1426 tortuea1500 snakish1532 winding1538 wormy1545 boughty1570 wriggled1572 sinuous1578 serpent-likea1586 crankled1594 serpent1597 snaky1600 flexuous1605 snaking1605 cringle-crangle1606 voluminous1611 serpenting?1614 serpentine1615 curvy1623 serpentizing1628 worming1631 lacinious1648 anguineous1656 anguine1657 anfractuose1680 twisting1683 vermicular1712 worm-like1721 flexuose1727 meandering1748 crinkum-crankum1766 serpentiform1777 serpentining1799 anguiform1800 ophite1828 tortuose1829 cranky1836 sinuose1836 serpentile1857 twisty1857 sinuated1859 vermiculatea1864 twinyc1868 tortive1880 crinkle-crankle1881 serpentinous1882 quirky1890 twistical1890 waggly1894 wriggly1901 squiggly1902 wiggly1903 contortionate1911 wig-waggy1914 curvaceous1965 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 18320 A camell..is so encomerous Off bak corvyd and tortuous. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxii. 393 The dragon..be-tokened the kynge Arthur and his power;..and the taile that was so tortuouse be-tokened the grete treson of the peple. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. Paralleles tortuouse, whiche bowe contrarie waies with their two endes. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 516 Hee..of his tortuous Traine Curld many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve. View more context for this quotation 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 155 The most difficult and tortuous passages to the heart! 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 309 The root is perennial, creeping, woody, and tortuous. 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. x. 224 We found the river-course very tortuous. †b. Astronomy. Applied to the six signs of the zodiac from Capricornus to Gemini, which (in northern latitudes) rise more obliquely than the other six. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [adjective] > type of sign obedienta1393 tortuousc1400 ruminant1633 mute1658 masculine1696 mutable1928 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §28. 38 Thise same signes, fro the heued of capricorne vn-to the ende of geminis, ben cleped tortuos signes or kroked signes, for they arisen embelif on oure Orisonte. c. Geometry. Applied to a curve of which no two successive portions are in the same plane; also called a non-plane curve, curve in space, or curve of double curvature (see curvature n. 3a). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [adjective] > having certain property mechanical1694 intercepted1702 rectifiable1706 transcendental1706 tortuous1867 monocyclic1869 bicursal1873 irreconcilable1881 closed1882 anautotomic1901 fractal1975 1867 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. I. i. §7 There are not two curvatures, but only a curvature..of which the plane is continuously changing... The course of such a curve is, in common language, well called ‘tortuous’; and the measure of the corresponding property is conveniently called Tortuosity. 2. figurative. Not direct or straightforward; indirect, irregular, devious, circuitous, crooked: esp. in a moral sense. (In quot. 1801 apparently Dealing in quaint ‘turns’ of speech or expression.) ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > crookedness > [adjective] crooked?c1225 sinister?1455 indirect1570 undirect1594 involved1612 obliquous1614 unstraight1650 back-handed1800 tortuous1801 twistical1805 louche1819 hooky-crooky1833 underhand1842 twisty1857 underhanded1864 bent1914 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > not straightforward crooked?c1225 indirect1570 undirect1594 involved1612 unstraight1650 obliquous1757 tortuous1801 twistical1805 louche1819 hooky-crooky1833 sinuous1850 twisty1905 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adjective] > tortuous winding1594 tortuous1801 unstraightforward1887 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > euphuistic or precious quaintc1395 fine1576 romantic1653 precious1712 précieuse1785 tortuous1801 euphuistical1823 euphuistic1828 précieux1891 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [adjective] > complex intricate?a1500 crabby1550 implicate1555 crabbed1561 intortive1575 implexeda1620 network1675 tortious1682 embarrassed1695 implex1712 wimpleda1722 wrapped1787 hydriform1822 torturous1841 sinuous1853 tortuous1858 involuteda1910 1682 in R. Burthogge Argument Infants Baptisme (1684) iv. 170 The most involved, tortious, intricate, that ever you heard of, except Origens Allegorical and Mystical Commentaries.] 1801 Ld. Calthorpe Let. in Wilberforce's Priv. Papers (1897) 104 Sir W. Scott..was very tortuous and amusing. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. viii. 190 The unscrupulous cunning with which he assisted the execution of the schemes of his master's tortuous policy. 1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iii. vii. 319 A narrow and tortuous criticism. 1865 J. S. Mill Exam. Hamilton's Philos. 415 The tortuous phraseology by which our author evades recognising the ideas of truth and falsity. 1911 Times 2 Nov. 3/4 A more tortuous way of trying to get possession of goods he had never heard of. 3. Malign (obsolete); wrongful. (Misused for or confused with tortious adj.) ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [adjective] > unfortunate infortunatec1400 tortuous1594 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [adjective] > tort tortious1528 tortionary1694 tortuous1839 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. E4^v What tortuous planets..Hath made the concaue of the earth vnclose? 1839 Times 13 May Keeping tortuous possession of premises after their several gentlemen had departed. 1839 Morning Herald 3 June The first action ever brought against a returning officer for the tortuous refusal of a vote for members of parliament. Derivatives ˈtortuously adv. in a tortuous manner (literal and figurative; in quot. 1839 misused for tortiously adv.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > off the direct line > bendingly or windingly a-crooka1387 acrooka1387 crooked1545 windingly1576 bendingly1658 serpentinely1762 tortuously1839 meanderingly1865 snakily1870 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [adverb] > tortiously tortiouslya1812 tortuously1839 1839 Morning Herald 3 June Any person, whose vote has been..tortuously refused at an election. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlv. 413 We wound our way tortuously among them. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Aug. 5/1 Puget Sound..runs southward tortuously from Vancouver Island far into the rugged heart of the Washington territory. ˈtortuousness n. the quality or condition of being tortuous, tortuosity. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > crookedness > [noun] crookednessc1380 deformityc1400 turningnessa1586 indirectiona1616 obliquitya1620 curvity1620 tortuosity1621 indirectness1628 unsinglenessa1658 unstraightness1693 tortuousness1824 underhandedness1884 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > lack of straightforwardness or uprightness crookednessc1380 turningnessa1586 indirectiona1616 obliquitya1620 curvity1620 tortuosity1621 indirectness1628 unuprightnessa1680 unstraightness1693 deviousness1727 tortuousness1824 obliqueness1877 the world > space > direction > [noun] > straight or constant direction > deviation from > a turn > condition tortuousness1824 twistiness1904 1824 New Monthly Mag. 10 175 Musty precedents..which an ingenious tortuousness may call in. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. ix. §91. 308 In proportion to the complexity of social forces is the tortuousness of social movements. Draft additions 1993 4. Used for torturous adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective] anguishous?c1225 wounding?c1225 asperc1374 derflya1400 rending?c1400 furiousc1405 fretting1413 piercingc1450 anguish1477 piquant1521 anguishing?1566 plaguing1566 asperous?1567 agonizing1570 tormenting1575 wringing1576 cutting1582 tormentous1583 tormentful1596 tormentuous1597 racking1598 torturous1600 lacerating1609 torturing1611 tearinga1616 heart-aching1620 breast-rending1625 crucifying1648 tormentative1654 martyring?a1656 tormentive1655 discruciating1658 cruciatory1660 anguishful1685 brain-racking1708 probing1749 agonized1793 anguished1803 harrowing1810 vulnerary1821 grinding1869 torturesome1889 wrenching1889 tortuous1922 1922 F. M. Ford Let. 12 Feb. (1965) 138 E. J. is going through such a peevish stage with her teeth that to have her in the house would be no pleasure..to you and it would..be tortuous to Stella. 1988 J. Herbert Haunted xix. 138 Ash felt weak, the heat sapping his strength. Breathing had become tortuous. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1400
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