tono-comb. form

1901 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 512 (table) Tonofibrils or resistance fibrils, e.g. in intestinal epithelial cells, epidermis cells.

1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. v. 120 In the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, tonofibrils arch through all the cells like scaffolding and they are attached to numerous desmosomes over the entire surface of the cells.

1976 Path. Ann. 11 220 At a fine structural level, the cells of thymoma contain tonofibrils and complex desmosomes, but no neurosecretory granules.

1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) i. 41 The greater number of writers have..accepted the conclusion..that they are of the nature of supporting or skeletal structures, hence the term tonofibrillæ (Heidenhain).

1935 R. E. Snodgrass Princ. Insect Morphol. iii. 63 It frequently appears not only that the tonofibrillae traverse the epidermal layer, but that they penetrate a varying distance into the cuticula.

1969 R. F. Chapman Insects xii. 211 In Musca each myofibril is attached to the cuticle by about twelve tonofibrillae.

1964 Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. 43 278/1 In pemphigus vulgaris, a severe necrotizing injury of unknown etiology leads to complete destruction of the tonofilaments with ensuing loss of desmosomes.

1978 Sci. Amer. May 145/1 The tonofilaments are not contractile but seem to form a tensile, structural framework for the cell cytoplasm.

1980 Nature 17 Jan. 249/1 Electron microscopy shows that bundles of keratin tonofilaments often terminate in membrane-bound desmosomes.

1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Tonogram.

1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tonogram, a curve showing graphically a muscle's isometric contraction.

1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Mar. 5/2 Some specimens of a new photographic process, called ‘Tonographs’, were exhibited by Messrs. Mayall.

1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Tonograph, a machine for recording the tension of the arterial blood-current.

1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 31 The vibrations of the air inducing musical sounds, by a process which might be called tonography, imprint their [etc.].

1874 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1873–4 15 98 What is wanted, then, is a comparative ‘tonology’ of the Danish dialects.

1924 D. M. Beach in Bantu Studies Dec. 77 An entirely new field..is lying open before us—the comparative and historical study of tones. This study..will be called tonology.

1970 Stud. Afr. Linguistics I. 100 (heading) Nupe tonology.

1978 Language 54 245/2 There are ten papers on phonology, seven of which deal specifically with tonology.

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tonological.

1975 Language 51 565 The nouns in the two classes with L final vowels show tonological behavior parallel to that of the nouns in the two classes with Ø final vowels.

1983 Word 1982 33 230 With regard to other tonological features in the area, one can mention a number of languages with four-tone systems.

1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Tonomitter, an instrument to improve the hearing near the opening of the Eustachian tube.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Tonophant, a device in which two thin pieces of steel welded together are used to exhibit acoustic vibrations to the eye.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Tonoplast.

1903 W. H. Lang Strasburger's Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 57 Since the vacuole wall regulates the pressure exerted by the cell sap contained in the vacuole, Hugo de Vries has applied the name Tonoplast to this layer.

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Tonotactic.

1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Tonotaxis,..sensitiveness to osmotic variation.

1942 Anat. Rec. LXXXII. 430 In the monkey and chimpanzee..surface positive potentials evoked by various pitches indicate tonotopic localization within the primary auditory cortex.

1983 Nature 10 Feb. 463/1 This ‘tonotopic’ organization is preserved in all levels of the central auditory pathway.

1948 A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. ix. 314 Pfeifer (1936)..was led to conclude that if there exists any tonotopical localization in the primary acoustic cortex, tones of the highest pitch must be represented medially, those of lowest pitch laterally.

1963 Jrnl. Neurophysiol. 26 294 (heading) Tonotopical organization, relation of spike counts to tone intensity, and firing patterns of single elements.

1971 Brain Res. XXVI. 402 There is good evidence that cells in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nuclei, nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and inferior colliculus are organized according to their best frequencies, or tonotopically.

1978 Nature 9 Mar. 139/2 Spatial analyses of the evoked potentials indicate that the auditory centre in the midbrain is organised tonotopically.