to-falln.

/ˈtuːfɔːl/

Forms: Also Middle English taw-, Middle English–1500s tu-, 1500s tuf-, ( tul-), toy-, 1600s–1800s too-, 1800s two-fall, tee-fall, -fa, -fal, -falle; also 1600s tuefold. 1800s tuefall.

Etymology: < to prep. + fall v. or fall n.² In sense 2 = Middle High German zuoval, German zufall, Dutch toeval, Low German tofal.

a. A supplementary building with its roof sloping up to and leaning on the wall of a main building; a lean-to; a penthouse; a shed. Scottish and northern dialect.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > leaning against wall of other building

penthousea1400

to-fallc1425

lean-to1461

appentice1600

linter1736

skilling1799

skillion1843

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. v. 568 Þe north ile and þe quere, Þe tofallis ii. war mad but were.

1435 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 359 A tawfall' yat standes on ye comon ground.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 254 Þe kyngis nowte-hard..tuke provand..to his catell, & had it home vnto his tofall at he dwelte in.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 393 The erle..ffled with his wife in-to a wudd, and þer he hid hym in a tufall.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 7651 Þai made þaim tofalles To duell in vndir þe walles.

1512 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 402 The tofalle that ye chyldern lerne inne.

1518 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 178 Na tulfais be biggitt to the said wallis.

1523 in A. F. Leach Visitations & Memorials Southwell Minster (1891) 121 My tuffall of paysen the which standeth over myn oxen.

1642–3 in J. Watson Jedburgh Abbey (1894) 86 That ane roofe to-fa-wayis may theik vnder the eising of the body of the kirk.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 154 He tirrit the too-fallis of the haill office houssis..and careit rooff and sklait away.

1664 in Northumb. Gloss. (1894) Recd. of Mark Hobson for a year's rent for a Tuefold, 2s. 6d.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Toofall, Twofall, or Teefall,..often pronounced Touffa.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 12 Piling them against a high wall, and thatching them like a to-fall.

1887 D. H. Fleming Tourist's Hand-bk. St. Andrews 31 The slight raggle..marks the height of some to-fall.

b. figurative. (a) A dependant. (b) A shelter.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > dependant

spear1539

dependerc1565

dependant1598

pensionnaire1604

feedera1616

reliant1665

encumbrance1742

to-fall1822

loaf-eater1844

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > giving or affording shelter > means of shelter

blockhouse1559

shelter1594

canopy1603

borough1628

to-fall1871

1822 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns 209 He was a sort o' toofa' upon their kindness.

1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew xviii. 2 The Lord my rock, my hainin-towir, an' my to-fa'.

†2. That which befalls or falls to any one; a chance, accident, casualty: cf. fall v. 51a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous event

adventure?c1225

hapc1275

chancea1300

fortunea1375

accidenta1398

casualtya1513

to-fall1562

withfall1562

casual1566

casuality1574

stour1583

upcasta1616

contingency1620

haphazard1651

contingence1660

unaccountable1789

happen-so1816

happenchance1847

happenstance1857

1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 17, in 2nd Pt. Herball These that are rytche..may haue other remedies inough agaynst the forenamed tofalles.

1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde iii. f. 22 Accident is that, which the Greekes call Symptoma, and wee properly in English, to fall and with fall.

3. The act of falling to; to-fall of the day or night, the close of day or beginning of night. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > twilight, dusk, or nightfall

nighteOE

evengloamOE

eveningOE

gloamingc1000

darknessa1382

twilighting1387

crepusculum1398

crepusculec1400

darkc1400

twilight1412

sky1515

twinlightc1532

day-going?1552

cockshut1592

shutting1598

blind man's holiday1599

candle-lighting1605

gropsing1606

nightfall1612

dusk1622

torchlighta1656

candlelight1663

crepuscle1665

shut1667

mock-shade1669

close1696

duskish1696

glooma1699

setting1699

dimmit1746

to-fall of the day or night1748

darklins1767

even-close1781

mirkning1790

gloaming-shot1793

darkening1814

bat-flying time1818

gloama1821

between-light1821

settle1822

dayfall1823

evenfall1825

onfall1825

owl-hoot1832

glooming1842

darkfall1884

smokefall1936

dusk-light1937

1748 W. Hamilton Braes of Yarrow in Poems 49 But e're the toofall of the night He lay a corps on the Braes of Yarrow.

a1759 W. Collins in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1788) 1 ii. 71 For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day, His babes shall linger.

1831 J. Wilson Unimore x. 165 Who only waits the to-fall of the night To wake the jocund sound of dance and song.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† to-fallv.

Etymology: Old English tofeallan , < to- prefix² + feallan to fall v.; = Old Saxon te-fallan, Old High German zi-, zar-fallan.

Obsolete.

intransitive. To fall asunder or to pieces; to fall down, collapse; also, to fall to decay.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > collapse or be demolished

to-fallc893

to-reosea900

tipc1400

to go together1549

to come downa1552

demolish1610

coincide1673

collapse1732

stave1797

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall down or from erect position > fall in pieces or ruins

to-fallc893

fallOE

to fall downc1175

tumblea1400

sinka1450

ruin1531

to fall in1611

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. ii. §2 Þa hie æt hiora theatrum wæron.., þa hit eall tofeoll, & heora ofslog xx M.

1056–66 Inscr. Kirkdale Ch. Yorks. Hit wes æl tobrocan & tofalan.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9415 Scullen stan walles biuoren him to-fallen [c1300 Otho to-falle].

a1300 Signa ante Judicium 139 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 11 As heuen and erþe sold to-fal.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 5011 Þe walle þat was so broken & to-falle.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvi. lxxiv Ȝif it [a stone] is not fattye it wolle alle to fall bi maistrye of druynes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	to-fall
释义	to-falln. /ˈtuːfɔːl/ Forms: Also Middle English taw-, Middle English–1500s tu-, 1500s tuf-, ( tul-), toy-, 1600s–1800s too-, 1800s two-fall, tee-fall, -fa, -fal, -falle; also 1600s tuefold. 1800s tuefall. Etymology: < to prep. + fall v. or fall n.² In sense 2 = Middle High German zuoval, German zufall, Dutch toeval, Low German tofal. 1. a. A supplementary building with its roof sloping up to and leaning on the wall of a main building; a lean-to; a penthouse; a shed. Scottish and northern dialect. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > leaning against wall of other building penthousea1400 to-fallc1425 lean-to1461 appentice1600 linter1736 skilling1799 skillion1843 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. v. 568 Þe north ile and þe quere, Þe tofallis ii. war mad but were. 1435 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 359 A tawfall' yat standes on ye comon ground. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 254 Þe kyngis nowte-hard..tuke provand..to his catell, & had it home vnto his tofall at he dwelte in. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 393 The erle..ffled with his wife in-to a wudd, and þer he hid hym in a tufall. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 7651 Þai made þaim tofalles To duell in vndir þe walles. 1512 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 402 The tofalle that ye chyldern lerne inne. 1518 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 178 Na tulfais be biggitt to the said wallis. 1523 in A. F. Leach Visitations & Memorials Southwell Minster (1891) 121 My tuffall of paysen the which standeth over myn oxen. 1642–3 in J. Watson Jedburgh Abbey (1894) 86 That ane roofe to-fa-wayis may theik vnder the eising of the body of the kirk. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 154 He tirrit the too-fallis of the haill office houssis..and careit rooff and sklait away. 1664 in Northumb. Gloss. (1894) Recd. of Mark Hobson for a year's rent for a Tuefold, 2s. 6d. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Toofall, Twofall, or Teefall,..often pronounced Touffa. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 12 Piling them against a high wall, and thatching them like a to-fall. 1887 D. H. Fleming Tourist's Hand-bk. St. Andrews 31 The slight raggle..marks the height of some to-fall. b. figurative. (a) A dependant. (b) A shelter. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > dependant spear1539 dependerc1565 dependant1598 pensionnaire1604 feedera1616 reliant1665 encumbrance1742 to-fall1822 loaf-eater1844 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > giving or affording shelter > means of shelter blockhouse1559 shelter1594 canopy1603 borough1628 to-fall1871 1822 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns 209 He was a sort o' toofa' upon their kindness. 1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew xviii. 2 The Lord my rock, my hainin-towir, an' my to-fa'. †2. That which befalls or falls to any one; a chance, accident, casualty: cf. fall v. 51a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous event adventure?c1225 hapc1275 chancea1300 fortunea1375 accidenta1398 casualtya1513 to-fall1562 withfall1562 casual1566 casuality1574 stour1583 upcasta1616 contingency1620 haphazard1651 contingence1660 unaccountable1789 happen-so1816 happenchance1847 happenstance1857 1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 17, in 2nd Pt. Herball These that are rytche..may haue other remedies inough agaynst the forenamed tofalles. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde iii. f. 22 Accident is that, which the Greekes call Symptoma, and wee properly in English, to fall and with fall. 3. The act of falling to; to-fall of the day or night, the close of day or beginning of night. Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > twilight, dusk, or nightfall nighteOE evengloamOE eveningOE gloamingc1000 darknessa1382 twilighting1387 crepusculum1398 crepusculec1400 darkc1400 twilight1412 sky1515 twinlightc1532 day-going?1552 cockshut1592 shutting1598 blind man's holiday1599 candle-lighting1605 gropsing1606 nightfall1612 dusk1622 torchlighta1656 candlelight1663 crepuscle1665 shut1667 mock-shade1669 close1696 duskish1696 glooma1699 setting1699 dimmit1746 to-fall of the day or night1748 darklins1767 even-close1781 mirkning1790 gloaming-shot1793 darkening1814 bat-flying time1818 gloama1821 between-light1821 settle1822 dayfall1823 evenfall1825 onfall1825 owl-hoot1832 glooming1842 darkfall1884 smokefall1936 dusk-light1937 1748 W. Hamilton Braes of Yarrow in Poems 49 But e're the toofall of the night He lay a corps on the Braes of Yarrow. a1759 W. Collins in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1788) 1 ii. 71 For him, in vain, at to-fall of the day, His babes shall linger. 1831 J. Wilson Unimore x. 165 Who only waits the to-fall of the night To wake the jocund sound of dance and song. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † to-fallv. Etymology: Old English tofeallan , < to- prefix² + feallan to fall v.; = Old Saxon te-fallan, Old High German zi-, zar-fallan. Obsolete. intransitive. To fall asunder or to pieces; to fall down, collapse; also, to fall to decay. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > collapse or be demolished to-fallc893 to-reosea900 tipc1400 to go together1549 to come downa1552 demolish1610 coincide1673 collapse1732 stave1797 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall down or from erect position > fall in pieces or ruins to-fallc893 fallOE to fall downc1175 tumblea1400 sinka1450 ruin1531 to fall in1611 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. ii. §2 Þa hie æt hiora theatrum wæron.., þa hit eall tofeoll, & heora ofslog xx M. 1056–66 Inscr. Kirkdale Ch. Yorks. Hit wes æl tobrocan & tofalan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9415 Scullen stan walles biuoren him to-fallen [c1300 Otho to-falle]. a1300 Signa ante Judicium 139 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 11 As heuen and erþe sold to-fal. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 5011 Þe walle þat was so broken & to-falle. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvi. lxxiv Ȝif it [a stone] is not fattye it wolle alle to fall bi maistrye of druynes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1425v.c893
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