† to-drawv.

Forms: see to- prefix² and draw v.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German zitragan to scatter (Middle High German zertragen to scatter, to tear to pieces) < the Germanic base of to- prefix² + the Germanic base of draw v.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To attack verbally; to disparage, belittle. Cf. to-drawing n. at Derivatives.

ΚΠ

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 53 Þis faȝe folc..heom to-twiccheð and to-draȝeð mid ufele weordes.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 62 (MED) Vor he to-draȝþ and toheauþ eche daye zom stech of guode þet he yhyerþ of oþren.

b. transitive. To pull or tear (a person, a person's limbs, etc.) apart, esp. as a punishment or a form of torture; to tear to pieces; to rend, lacerate. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart

to-loukc890

to-braidc893

to-tearc893

to-teec893

to-rendc950

to-breakc1200

to-tugc1220

to-lima1225

rivea1250

to-drawa1250

to-tosea1250

drawa1300

rendc1300

to-rit13..

to-rivec1300

to-tusec1300

rakea1325

renta1325

to-pullc1330

to-tightc1330

tirec1374

halea1398

lacerate?a1425

to-renta1425

yryve1426

raga1450

to pull to (or in) piecesc1450

ravec1450

discerp1483

pluck1526

rip1530

decerp1531

rift1534

dilaniate1535

rochec1540

rack1549

teasea1550

berend1577

distract1585

ream1587

distrain1590

unrive1592

unseam1592

outrive1598

divulse1602

dilacerate1604

harrow1604

tatter1608

mammocka1616

uprentc1620

divell1628

divellicate1638

seam-rend1647

proscind1659

skail1768

screeda1785

spret1832

to tear to shreds1837

ribbon1897

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 53 Ȝif me mis seið ðe, þenc þet tu ert eorðe; ne to drauhð me ðe eorðe, ne to tret ðe eorðe, ne bispet ðe eorðe?

a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 7 Nis hit ðe no wurðscipe þet þe deouel me to-drawe.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1302 Heo..his leomen to-drowen. & his hors al-swa.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 181 His sloȝen & todroȝe Cristenemen inoȝe.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 191 Leunes and beres him wile to-dragen.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8729 Þo men miȝte..libbe in Ioye & in riȝte, þat er were al to drawe.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 4620 Lete non houndes me todrawe.

a1500 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Adv.) (1843) l. 526 (MED) Ther was he beten wyth fendes felle..And dragones þat hym all todrewe.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 63 Some sayne that the kynge lette to-draw the traytoures.

c. to hang (also anhang) and todraw: to hang and dismember or disembowel (a person), esp. as a punishment for treason.In some instances this sense of to-draw is not clearly distinguishable from that at sense 3b; see also note at draw v. 57.

ΚΠ

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 434 (MED) Þow schelt ben hanged & to-drawe.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 291 (MED) William Waleys..was an honged and to-drawe, his heed was i-smyte of.

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 3951 Þou schalt beo honged and to drawe..For þou soche traytory wrouȝtest.

a1500 (?c1400) Earl of Toulous l. 575 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) I. 400 (MED) Thou art a traytour in thy sawe, Worthy to be hanged and to-drawe.

c1535 Ploughman's Tale iii. sig. D.ii^v Ye shullen be honged and to drawe Who gyueth you leaue for to preche Or speke ayenst goddes lawe?

2. transitive. To break or smash (a thing) to pieces; to destroy. Also figurative. Middle Eng. Dict. interprets quot. a1393 as showing the sense ‘to attract, lure, draw’, but it seems more likely to belong here (cf. quot. c1275).

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 755 Alle heo wullet quellen..& þa scipen to-draȝen & þa wif drenchen.

a1325 St. Longinus (Corpus Cambr.) l. 21 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 85 (MED) Sein Longius al þis false godes wiþ an hax todrou.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 513 Thei into the peril falle Where as the Schipes be todrawe, And thei ben with the monstres [sc. the Sirens] slawe.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lv. 160 (MED) Alle his Mawmetis..he hath hem to-borsten and to-drawe.

a1475 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 128 (MED) Myrth ys now out of mannys mynde; Þe drede of god ys al todrawe.

a. transitive. To pull, drag, or draw; spec. (a) to pull down (part of a building); (b) to draw (a weapon). Also occasionally intransitive to admit of being pulled (in a specified way).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > use of knives > stab with knife [verb (transitive)] > draw

to-drawc1275

to loose out1382

unsheathea1542

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13993 Al þere muche halle rof mid hire honden heo to-droh.

c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 168 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 498 (MED) He was..igurd faste ynouȝ Wiþ a strong corde aboue þe here þat faste todrouȝ [c1300 Laud þat þe here faste drouȝ].

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliii. 14 For ȝou I sente out in to Babilone, and to-droȝ [Bodl. 959 to-drowȝ] alle þe barres.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5364 (MED) Þis baratour..Fand caratros & candoile at knyfes to-drawen.

b. transitive. To pull or drag about, esp. as a punishment or a form of torture.With uses with hang, cf. sense 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by dragging

to-drawc1325

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > about

toilc1300

to-tollc1325

to-lug1362

to-halea1387

toze14..

tugglec1440

to-drawc1450

behale1574

lugger1654

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 6392 (MED) He let him mid hors to drawe fram strete to strete Þat þe peces folle of is ffless.

a1350 ( in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 19 (MED) Wiþ feteres & wiþ gyues ichot he wes to-drowe.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 267 He was..to drawe [?c1475 anon. tr. drawen; L. distractus] with horses, and þan an honged.., and þan i-quartered.

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 2247 (MED) His feet he knytt on his owen hors, And todrawe dude his corps.

c1450 ( Nightingale (Calig.) l. 256 in O. Glauning Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1900) 10 On euery syde to-togged and to-drawe.

a1500 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Douce) l. 367 Anon he..leet hem todrawe on þe pauement And after anhonghe hem.

c. transitive. To draw out or defer the fulfilment of (a promise).

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28289 Þe gode vous..Broken ic haue or lang to-draun.

Derivatives

to-drawing n. disparagement, belittlement; cf. sense 1a.

ΚΠ

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 57 Þise ten boȝes..ydelnesse. yelpinge. blondinge. todraȝinge. lyesynges. vorzueriinges. stryfinge. grochinge. wyþstondinge. blasfemye.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 61 (MED) Vor hi wreþ þe uelþes of zenne of riche men uor zom timlich guod; hueruore hi byeþ anlicned to þe tayle of þe uoxe be hare barat and uor hare bezuykinge of tedraȝynge.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	to-draw
释义	† to-drawv. Forms: see to- prefix² and draw v. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German zitragan to scatter (Middle High German zertragen to scatter, to tear to pieces) < the Germanic base of to- prefix² + the Germanic base of draw v. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To attack verbally; to disparage, belittle. Cf. to-drawing n. at Derivatives. ΚΠ a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 53 Þis faȝe folc..heom to-twiccheð and to-draȝeð mid ufele weordes. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 62 (MED) Vor he to-draȝþ and toheauþ eche daye zom stech of guode þet he yhyerþ of oþren. b. transitive. To pull or tear (a person, a person's limbs, etc.) apart, esp. as a punishment or a form of torture; to tear to pieces; to rend, lacerate. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart to-loukc890 to-braidc893 to-tearc893 to-teec893 to-rendc950 to-breakc1200 to-tugc1220 to-lima1225 rivea1250 to-drawa1250 to-tosea1250 drawa1300 rendc1300 to-rit13.. to-rivec1300 to-tusec1300 rakea1325 renta1325 to-pullc1330 to-tightc1330 tirec1374 halea1398 lacerate?a1425 to-renta1425 yryve1426 raga1450 to pull to (or in) piecesc1450 ravec1450 discerp1483 pluck1526 rip1530 decerp1531 rift1534 dilaniate1535 rochec1540 rack1549 teasea1550 berend1577 distract1585 ream1587 distrain1590 unrive1592 unseam1592 outrive1598 divulse1602 dilacerate1604 harrow1604 tatter1608 mammocka1616 uprentc1620 divell1628 divellicate1638 seam-rend1647 proscind1659 skail1768 screeda1785 spret1832 to tear to shreds1837 ribbon1897 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 53 Ȝif me mis seið ðe, þenc þet tu ert eorðe; ne to drauhð me ðe eorðe, ne to tret ðe eorðe, ne bispet ðe eorðe? a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 7 Nis hit ðe no wurðscipe þet þe deouel me to-drawe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1302 Heo..his leomen to-drowen. & his hors al-swa. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 181 His sloȝen & todroȝe Cristenemen inoȝe. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 191 Leunes and beres him wile to-dragen. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8729 Þo men miȝte..libbe in Ioye & in riȝte, þat er were al to drawe. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 4620 Lete non houndes me todrawe. a1500 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Adv.) (1843) l. 526 (MED) Ther was he beten wyth fendes felle..And dragones þat hym all todrewe. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 63 Some sayne that the kynge lette to-draw the traytoures. c. to hang (also anhang) and todraw: to hang and dismember or disembowel (a person), esp. as a punishment for treason.In some instances this sense of to-draw is not clearly distinguishable from that at sense 3b; see also note at draw v. 57. ΚΠ c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 434 (MED) Þow schelt ben hanged & to-drawe. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 291 (MED) William Waleys..was an honged and to-drawe, his heed was i-smyte of. a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 3951 Þou schalt beo honged and to drawe..For þou soche traytory wrouȝtest. a1500 (?c1400) Earl of Toulous l. 575 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) I. 400 (MED) Thou art a traytour in thy sawe, Worthy to be hanged and to-drawe. c1535 Ploughman's Tale iii. sig. D.ii^v Ye shullen be honged and to drawe Who gyueth you leaue for to preche Or speke ayenst goddes lawe? 2. transitive. To break or smash (a thing) to pieces; to destroy. Also figurative. Middle Eng. Dict. interprets quot. a1393 as showing the sense ‘to attract, lure, draw’, but it seems more likely to belong here (cf. quot. c1275). ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 755 Alle heo wullet quellen..& þa scipen to-draȝen & þa wif drenchen. a1325 St. Longinus (Corpus Cambr.) l. 21 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 85 (MED) Sein Longius al þis false godes wiþ an hax todrou. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 513 Thei into the peril falle Where as the Schipes be todrawe, And thei ben with the monstres [sc. the Sirens] slawe. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lv. 160 (MED) Alle his Mawmetis..he hath hem to-borsten and to-drawe. a1475 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 128 (MED) Myrth ys now out of mannys mynde; Þe drede of god ys al todrawe. 3. a. transitive. To pull, drag, or draw; spec. (a) to pull down (part of a building); (b) to draw (a weapon). Also occasionally intransitive to admit of being pulled (in a specified way). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > use of knives > stab with knife [verb (transitive)] > draw to-drawc1275 to loose out1382 unsheathea1542 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13993 Al þere muche halle rof mid hire honden heo to-droh. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 168 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 498 (MED) He was..igurd faste ynouȝ Wiþ a strong corde aboue þe here þat faste todrouȝ [c1300 Laud þat þe here faste drouȝ]. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliii. 14 For ȝou I sente out in to Babilone, and to-droȝ [Bodl. 959 to-drowȝ] alle þe barres. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5364 (MED) Þis baratour..Fand caratros & candoile at knyfes to-drawen. b. transitive. To pull or drag about, esp. as a punishment or a form of torture.With uses with hang, cf. sense 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by dragging to-drawc1325 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > about toilc1300 to-tollc1325 to-lug1362 to-halea1387 toze14.. tugglec1440 to-drawc1450 behale1574 lugger1654 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 6392 (MED) He let him mid hors to drawe fram strete to strete Þat þe peces folle of is ffless. a1350 ( in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 19 (MED) Wiþ feteres & wiþ gyues ichot he wes to-drowe. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 267 He was..to drawe [?c1475 anon. tr. drawen; L. distractus] with horses, and þan an honged.., and þan i-quartered. a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 2247 (MED) His feet he knytt on his owen hors, And todrawe dude his corps. c1450 ( Nightingale (Calig.) l. 256 in O. Glauning Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1900) 10 On euery syde to-togged and to-drawe. a1500 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Douce) l. 367 Anon he..leet hem todrawe on þe pauement And after anhonghe hem. c. transitive. To draw out or defer the fulfilment of (a promise). ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28289 Þe gode vous..Broken ic haue or lang to-draun. Derivatives to-drawing n. disparagement, belittlement; cf. sense 1a. ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 57 Þise ten boȝes..ydelnesse. yelpinge. blondinge. todraȝinge. lyesynges. vorzueriinges. stryfinge. grochinge. wyþstondinge. blasfemye. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 61 (MED) Vor hi wreþ þe uelþes of zenne of riche men uor zom timlich guod; hueruore hi byeþ anlicned to þe tayle of þe uoxe be hare barat and uor hare bezuykinge of tedraȝynge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.a1225
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