† to-breakv.

Forms: see break v.

Etymology: Old English tobrecan , < to- prefix² + brecan to break v. So Old High German zaprehhan, zibrechan, German zerbrechen.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To break to pieces; to shatter, rupture; to break down, destroy, demolish; cf. senses of break v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst

to-breakc888

briteOE

to-shenec950

abreakOE

forgnidea1000

to-brytc1000

to-burstc1000

to-driveOE

shiverc1200

to-shiverc1200

to-reavec1225

shiverc1250

debruise1297

to-crack13..

to-frushc1300

to-sliftc1315

chinec1330

littlec1350

dingc1380

bruisea1382

burst1382

rushc1390

shinderc1390

spald?a1400

brittenc1400

pashc1400

forbruise1413

to break, etc. into sherds1426

shattera1450

truncheon1477

scarboyle1502

shonk1508

to-shattera1513

rash1513

shidera1529

grind1535

infringe1543

dishiver1562

rupture1578

splinter1582

tear1582

disshiver1596

upburst1596

to burst up1601

diminish1607

confract1609

to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612

dishatter1615

vanquashc1626

beshiver1647

disfrange1778

smash1778

explode1784

bust1806

spell1811

smithereen1878

shard1900

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §4 Woldon þa [the giants] tobrecan þone heofon under him.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 180 Tobrec ðinne hlaf.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 22 genim, wiþ tobrocenum heafde, betonican.

1056–66 Inscr. Kirkdale Ch., Yorks. Hit wes al tobrocan & tofalan.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 131 He to-þruste þa stelene gate, & to brec þa irene barren of helle.

c1275 Passion our Lord 490 in Old Eng. Misc. 51 We biddeþ þat heore þyes beon to-broken a to.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 257 His hors nekke was to brooke.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxxxviii. 410 Here is my sone..with his hede all to-broke.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. vi. B Sodenly shal he be all tobroken, and not be healed.

1611 Bible (King James) Judges ix. 53 A..woman cast a piece of a milstone..and all to brake his scull.

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. 18 An old Colosse, All soiled, all to broke.

a1688 J. Bunyan Acceptable Sacrifice in Wks. (1853) I. 698 This was it, that all to-brake his heart.

b. To rend, to tear (clothes or the like).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart

to-loukc890

to-braidc893

to-tearc893

to-teec893

to-rendc950

to-breakc1200

to-tugc1220

to-lima1225

rivea1250

to-drawa1250

to-tosea1250

drawa1300

rendc1300

to-rit13..

to-rivec1300

to-tusec1300

rakea1325

renta1325

to-pullc1330

to-tightc1330

tirec1374

halea1398

lacerate?a1425

to-renta1425

yryve1426

raga1450

to pull to (or in) piecesc1450

ravec1450

discerp1483

pluck1526

rip1530

decerp1531

rift1534

dilaniate1535

rochec1540

rack1549

teasea1550

berend1577

distract1585

ream1587

distrain1590

unrive1592

unseam1592

outrive1598

divulse1602

dilacerate1604

harrow1604

tatter1608

mammocka1616

uprentc1620

divell1628

divellicate1638

seam-rend1647

proscind1659

skail1768

screeda1785

spret1832

to tear to shreds1837

ribbon1897

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 163 Þe chirche cloðes ben to~brokene and ealde.

c1275 Passion our Lord 315 in Old Eng. Misc. 46 Kayphas his weden he to-brek.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vii. 6 Lest houndis turned to gidre al to-breke ȝou.

c. To break (a commandment, promise, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > refuse to submit to [verb (transitive)] > break a (rule, command, or provision)

breakOE

to-breaka1067

again-come1400

violate?a1475

transgress1526

refringe1530

infringe1533

prevaricate1541

contravene1567

temerate1635

outrage1655

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > non-observance or breach > fail to observe [verb (transitive)]

breakOE

to-breaka1067

false1303

forleta1325

loosec1400

to fall from ——a1425

renouncec1450

violate?a1475

enfrain1477

failc1500

falsify1532

transverse1532

infringe1533

crack1576

recess1581

recant1585

digress1592

strain1592

burst1600

equivocate1629

falsy1629

forfeit1654

to break through1712

infract1798

waive1833

welsh1925

a1067 Charter of Eadweard in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1846) IV. 213 Ne ðat any man ðas mundbirdnesse tobreke.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 221 Gif þu þis litle bebod to-brecst.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9287 Asayli þen false king..Þat þe grete oþ þat he suor so villiche [h]aþ to broke.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 572 Þine hest ichaue to-broke.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 69 Asoilie hem alle..of vowes to-broke.

2. intransitive. To break into pieces; to burst asunder; to be ruptured, shattered, or fractured.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > shatter or break to pieces or burst

to-burstc893

forbursta1000

springOE

to-flyc1000

to-shootc1000

to-springc1000

to-drevea1225

to-resea1225

to-breakc1230

to go shiversc1275

to-drivec1275

to-rivec1275

to-shenec1275

to-wendc1275

debruise1297

lash13..

to-dashc1300

to-scatter13..

to-shiver13..

shiverc1330

bequash1377

shinderc1390

brasta1400

bursta1400

to-shiderc1450

to fly in pieces1488

sprent1488

splindera1500

reavec1560

dishiver1562

shatter1567

disshiver1586

split1590

slent1608

besplit1638

disrupt1657

splintera1661

rupture1734

explode1784

to ding in staves1786

to break, knock etc., or go, to smash1798

spell1811

to go (also run) smash1818

to play smash1841

bust1844

splitter1860

disrump1886

to fall into staves1895

smash1904

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 86 For gles ne tobrekeð nawt bute sum þing hit rine.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 735 His hæfd-bon to-brec [c1300 Otho barst].

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 354 Ofte it happeth so The pot tobreketh, and farwel al is go.

14.. Sir Beues (MS M.) 1613 Me thinkyth, my hert wyll tobreke.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 452 Wallace straik ane with his gude sper of steill..the schafft to-brak Ilk deyll.

1510–20 Wedn. Faste (W. de W.) xxv He tumbled ouer a clyffe, his body all to brake.

3. intransitive. To break away from restraint. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > be unruly [verb (intransitive)] > get out of control

to-breakc1475

to get out of ——1892

c1475 Partenay 5731 But non retourned, ne myght thens to-breke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	to-break
释义	† to-breakv. Forms: see break v. Etymology: Old English tobrecan , < to- prefix² + brecan to break v. So Old High German zaprehhan, zibrechan, German zerbrechen. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To break to pieces; to shatter, rupture; to break down, destroy, demolish; cf. senses of break v. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst to-breakc888 briteOE to-shenec950 abreakOE forgnidea1000 to-brytc1000 to-burstc1000 to-driveOE shiverc1200 to-shiverc1200 to-reavec1225 shiverc1250 debruise1297 to-crack13.. to-frushc1300 to-sliftc1315 chinec1330 littlec1350 dingc1380 bruisea1382 burst1382 rushc1390 shinderc1390 spald?a1400 brittenc1400 pashc1400 forbruise1413 to break, etc. into sherds1426 shattera1450 truncheon1477 scarboyle1502 shonk1508 to-shattera1513 rash1513 shidera1529 grind1535 infringe1543 dishiver1562 rupture1578 splinter1582 tear1582 disshiver1596 upburst1596 to burst up1601 diminish1607 confract1609 to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612 dishatter1615 vanquashc1626 beshiver1647 disfrange1778 smash1778 explode1784 bust1806 spell1811 smithereen1878 shard1900 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §4 Woldon þa [the giants] tobrecan þone heofon under him. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 180 Tobrec ðinne hlaf. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 22 genim, wiþ tobrocenum heafde, betonican. 1056–66 Inscr. Kirkdale Ch., Yorks. Hit wes al tobrocan & tofalan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 131 He to-þruste þa stelene gate, & to brec þa irene barren of helle. c1275 Passion our Lord 490 in Old Eng. Misc. 51 We biddeþ þat heore þyes beon to-broken a to. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 257 His hors nekke was to brooke. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxxxviii. 410 Here is my sone..with his hede all to-broke. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. vi. B Sodenly shal he be all tobroken, and not be healed. 1611 Bible (King James) Judges ix. 53 A..woman cast a piece of a milstone..and all to brake his scull. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. 18 An old Colosse, All soiled, all to broke. a1688 J. Bunyan Acceptable Sacrifice in Wks. (1853) I. 698 This was it, that all to-brake his heart. b. To rend, to tear (clothes or the like). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart to-loukc890 to-braidc893 to-tearc893 to-teec893 to-rendc950 to-breakc1200 to-tugc1220 to-lima1225 rivea1250 to-drawa1250 to-tosea1250 drawa1300 rendc1300 to-rit13.. to-rivec1300 to-tusec1300 rakea1325 renta1325 to-pullc1330 to-tightc1330 tirec1374 halea1398 lacerate?a1425 to-renta1425 yryve1426 raga1450 to pull to (or in) piecesc1450 ravec1450 discerp1483 pluck1526 rip1530 decerp1531 rift1534 dilaniate1535 rochec1540 rack1549 teasea1550 berend1577 distract1585 ream1587 distrain1590 unrive1592 unseam1592 outrive1598 divulse1602 dilacerate1604 harrow1604 tatter1608 mammocka1616 uprentc1620 divell1628 divellicate1638 seam-rend1647 proscind1659 skail1768 screeda1785 spret1832 to tear to shreds1837 ribbon1897 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 163 Þe chirche cloðes ben to~brokene and ealde. c1275 Passion our Lord 315 in Old Eng. Misc. 46 Kayphas his weden he to-brek. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vii. 6 Lest houndis turned to gidre al to-breke ȝou. c. To break (a commandment, promise, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > refuse to submit to [verb (transitive)] > break a (rule, command, or provision) breakOE to-breaka1067 again-come1400 violate?a1475 transgress1526 refringe1530 infringe1533 prevaricate1541 contravene1567 temerate1635 outrage1655 the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > non-observance or breach > fail to observe [verb (transitive)] breakOE to-breaka1067 false1303 forleta1325 loosec1400 to fall from ——a1425 renouncec1450 violate?a1475 enfrain1477 failc1500 falsify1532 transverse1532 infringe1533 crack1576 recess1581 recant1585 digress1592 strain1592 burst1600 equivocate1629 falsy1629 forfeit1654 to break through1712 infract1798 waive1833 welsh1925 a1067 Charter of Eadweard in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1846) IV. 213 Ne ðat any man ðas mundbirdnesse tobreke. a1175 Cott. Hom. 221 Gif þu þis litle bebod to-brecst. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9287 Asayli þen false king..Þat þe grete oþ þat he suor so villiche [h]aþ to broke. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 572 Þine hest ichaue to-broke. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 69 Asoilie hem alle..of vowes to-broke. 2. intransitive. To break into pieces; to burst asunder; to be ruptured, shattered, or fractured. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > shatter or break to pieces or burst to-burstc893 forbursta1000 springOE to-flyc1000 to-shootc1000 to-springc1000 to-drevea1225 to-resea1225 to-breakc1230 to go shiversc1275 to-drivec1275 to-rivec1275 to-shenec1275 to-wendc1275 debruise1297 lash13.. to-dashc1300 to-scatter13.. to-shiver13.. shiverc1330 bequash1377 shinderc1390 brasta1400 bursta1400 to-shiderc1450 to fly in pieces1488 sprent1488 splindera1500 reavec1560 dishiver1562 shatter1567 disshiver1586 split1590 slent1608 besplit1638 disrupt1657 splintera1661 rupture1734 explode1784 to ding in staves1786 to break, knock etc., or go, to smash1798 spell1811 to go (also run) smash1818 to play smash1841 bust1844 splitter1860 disrump1886 to fall into staves1895 smash1904 c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 86 For gles ne tobrekeð nawt bute sum þing hit rine. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 735 His hæfd-bon to-brec [c1300 Otho barst]. c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 354 Ofte it happeth so The pot tobreketh, and farwel al is go. 14.. Sir Beues (MS M.) 1613 Me thinkyth, my hert wyll tobreke. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 452 Wallace straik ane with his gude sper of steill..the schafft to-brak Ilk deyll. 1510–20 Wedn. Faste (W. de W.) xxv He tumbled ouer a clyffe, his body all to brake. 3. intransitive. To break away from restraint. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > be unruly [verb (intransitive)] > get out of control to-breakc1475 to get out of ——1892 c1475 Partenay 5731 But non retourned, ne myght thens to-breke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.c888
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