| 单词 | to throw off |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto throw off to throw off 1. transitive. a. To take off (one's clothing, or an item of one's clothing) hastily or carelessly. Cf. to throw on 1 at Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > utterly or energetically to throw off?a1439 bandy1591 to cast in the wind1652 to fling, give, throw, etc. to the winds1667 to wipe one's hands of1785 to wipe one's lips of1851 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 2731 He threuh off his haberioun. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. i.j/2 Therwyth he threwe of his cloke and smote vpon the paynym. 1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 60 So straunge a heate, that it constrained al men to giue aire vnto their breastes.., to throwe off their cloathes. 1593 T. Danett tr. L. Guicciardini Descr. Low Countreys f. 59 The dauncers throwe off there disguised apparell and discouer themselues. 1651 G. H. Speech & Confession Capt. Brown-Bushell 5 With undauntedness of spirit, he unbrac'd himself, and threw off his Doublet. 1693 T. Smith in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. II. 72 They throw off their upper Vest and Turbants. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 41 He throws off his Gown and Hypocrisy together. 1777 W. Nimmo Gen. Hist. Stirlingshire 210 Before the battle, they had thrown off their upper garments. 1832 B. Disraeli Let. 2 Apr. in Lett. 1815–34 (1982) I. 257 She had thrown off her Greco Bromptonian costume..and really looked pretty. 1885 Manch. Examiner 28 Sept. 5/3 If he should suddenly throw off his coat in a cold room. 1928 Blackwood's Mag. July 85/1 She threw off the silken charchaf that hid her beauty. 1972 ‘E. Lathen’ Murder without Icing (1973) xxii. 189 Rising from a collision, he had thrown off his glove and landed a haymaker. 2010 C. Reich Rules of Betrayal xii. 341 Pouring himself a glass of bourbon, he threw off his jacket and loosened his tie. b. To rid or divest oneself of (a quality, character, habit, feeling, etc.); to lay aside.Sometimes as a figurative use of sense 1a. ΚΠ 1592 M. Sutcliffe Answere to Libel i. 11 To throwe off the robes of the ministerie, and to runne in their lether Ierkins after worldly gaine and pleasure. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 205 This loose behauiour I throw off. 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iv. ii. 53 Vertue must be thrown off, 'tis a coarse garment. ?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 8 To throw off childish toys, saying he was then a man. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 43. ⁋4 A Bottle or two of good solid Edifying Port, at honest George's, made a Night chearful, and threw off Reserve. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. ii. 126 He..throws off his habits of shy reserve, and becomes joyous and free-hearted. 1872 C. E. Maurice Life S. Langton i. 52 He throws off his chancellorship at once. 1940 Scotsman 26 Apr. 6/1 Germany has thrown off the mask completely and disclosed her character in all its naked ugliness. 1958 R. K. Narayan Guide ix. 164 She would throw off the restraint and formality of hours and give me a passionate hug. 2010 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 126/3 Blair throws off his jokiness and folksiness and makes the stand-or-fall case for this legacy. ΚΠ 1448 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) i. 36 How hit was procured and shortly throwen of. 3. transitive. a. To hurl or fling (something or someone) off or away from something else; to remove, dislodge, unseat, etc., suddenly or violently. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > violently dusta1225 stetec1330 swinga1400 whirra1400 wapc1440 whirlc1440 to throw off1551 swash1577 ding1614 bung1825 whither1825 1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. cvijv Than threwe they of all that was vpon hys heade, and made hys prestes crowne all bare. 1570 A. Marten tr. J. Bernard Tranquillitie of Minde f. 87 Howe vnwillingly he abideth his Ryder, yea, he throwes him off, if he can. 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide vi. i. 261 When we pul down an house, first we throw off the Ceeling, then we demolish the walles. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 15/1 The Covering..shou'd..incline of one side to throw off the Rain. 1747 B. Franklin Let. 1 Sept. in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 12 To show that points will throw off as well as draw off the electrical fire. 1790 A. Wheeler Westmorland Dial. ii. 65 Bil Watson..flayd Galoway, et it set off a Gallop an thraad him off. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 52 A concave glass..will throw the objects off and reduce their size. 1892 Sat. Rev. 7 May 542/1 The pumps..were throwing off 7,000 gallons per minute. 1955 N.Y. Amsterdam News 20 Aug. 5/2 He told her to go up on the roof where he threatened to throw her off. 2015 A. Kane Silence that Speaks xiv. 134 Casey threw off the covers and got up. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > emend > exclude as spurious to throw off1647 athetize1886 seclude1893 1647 H. Hammond Of Power of Keyes iii. 30 He had thus confidently thrown off these Epistles from being written by Ignatius. ΚΠ 1720 D. Waterland 8 Serm. Divinity of Christ 115 I was once inclinable to defer the Treating of it some time longer; thinking it most suitable..to throw it off to the last part of what I intend upon this Subject. 4. transitive. To rid or free oneself from (a restraint, burden, etc.); to get rid of, shake off; to repudiate or reject the authority of. Also: to cast off, disown (a person). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or get rid of to set awayc1430 to throw off1551 to dispense with1576 to down with1581 to fling off1587 to fob offa1616 shoot1877 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject as unauthorized repudy1477 to throw off1551 repudiate1560 untruss1608 society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (intransitive)] > escape from restraint > throw off restraint to throw off1551 to break forth1608 to take a loose1703 to let rip1857 to kick over the traces1861 to cut loose1900 1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. cxviijv Our noble kyng Edward, and hys valeaunt father kinge Henry afor hym, threwe of from theyr shulders, the execrable yoke of those obstinate infidels. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 308/2 in Chron. I The Scottish nobilitie encreasing in politik prudence by their instructions, should seeke to throw off the yoke of bondage. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 197 The first who threw the yoake off, were the Macedonians. 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iii. iii. 37 'Twould be better yet, Cou'd you provoke him to give you th' occasion, And then to throw him off. 1793 J. Bowles Real Grounds Present War with France (ed. 2) 75 Throwing off every restraint of honour and principle. 1822 Examiner 14 Apr. 229/2 The Spanish Colonies..have thrown off the yoke of the mother country. 1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys I. xii. 287 What must he think of me, to throw him off so cruelly, so harshly, after all that's past? 1879 E. Dowden Southey iii. 64 Unless the disease were thrown off by regular exercise. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 156 An extraordinary power of throwing off fatigue. 1936 Observer 16 Aug. 12/3 The thirteen colonies..had just succeeded in throwing off the authority of King George III. 1971 H. Macmillan Riding Storm xviii. 607 I was tired and had not yet altogether thrown off the cold which I had when I left England. 2014 J. A. Goldstone Revolutions: Very Short Introd. xi. 70 By the end of World War I, every state in Europe had thrown off their absolute monarchies. 5. a. transitive. To loose; (Falconry) to let fly (a hawk, etc.); (Hunting) to unleash (a hound) to begin the chase. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > release hounds uncouplec1330 to let slip1530 to cast off1602 decouple1602 unslip1611 slipa1616 unleash1671 to throw off1686 1575 U. Fulwell Flower of Fame f. 31 A Bishop of Fraunce threwe off a cast of great Hawkes. 1614 S. Latham Falconry i. v. 20 When you haue a couple of fowle, that lie fit for your purpose, throw off your make-hawk. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iii. x. 88/2 Being come to the Wood that you first design to try, first throw off your sure Finders, or Staunch Hounds. 1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 30 Where..the rank Mead Affords the wand'ring Hares a rich Repast; Throw off thy ready Pack. 1784 W. Cowper Let. 10 May in Wks. (1837) XV. 150 On Friday,..we attended an attempt to throw off a balloon at Mr. Throckmorton's. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed vii, in Tales Crusaders II. 144 Each holding a hawk on his wrist, and anxiously adjusting the mode in which they should throw them off. 1830 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. 3 Jan. in Washington Post (1940) 4 Feb. iv. 3/6 The pack was thrown off south of the Winchester turnpike; unkenneled a red fox in ten minutes. 1892 Field 7 May 664/2 They threw off the hounds, found an otter, and, after two hours, killed. 1939 Scotsman 27 Mar. 5/1 Hounds were thrown off in front of the house on a morning of bright sunshine. 1957 Country Life 24 Jan. 144/3 Sometimes he [sc. an eagle]..would be taken back to be thrown off again at the lure. b. intransitive. Hunting. Of a hound or hunter: to begin the chase. Now rare.In quot. 1866 figurative: to make a start, to begin. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > begin hunting to throw off1769 the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (intransitive)] initiate1725 to set (or start) the ball rolling1770 to take the initiative1856 to throw off1866 tee1961 1769 Public Advertiser 21 Jan. Lord Percivall's Hounds threw off at Knapwell Grove..when a Brace of Foxes broke cover. 1789 Loiterer 11 Apr. 5 I have been assured by very experienced Hunters of Tufts, that they never threw off earlier than twelve. 1811 Sporting Mag. 37 88 They [sc. hounds] throw off generally three times a week. 1866 W. E. Gladstone Diary 1 Feb. in J. Morley Life Gladstone (1903) II. v. ix. §5. 156 I had to throw off in my new capacity. 1892 Field 26 Nov. 808/1 Many packs would not have thrown off at all on such a morning. 1956 Country Life 27 Sept. 654/1 Visibility..was barely the two fields which the wise master of hounds demands before throwing off on a foggy morning. 6. transitive. To eject, emit, or give off; spec. to expel or discharge (waste or toxic material) from the body, to excrete.In quot. 1829: to vomit (something). Cf. to throw up 4a at Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > eject warpc1000 wreaka1300 out-throwa1393 excludec1400 shootc1400 spitc1400 deliver?a1425 outflingc1450 springc1480 bolka1522 vomit1552 spurge1582 out-braid1586 hurl1590 cast1601 spew1605 eject1607 ejaculate1609 spew1610 to cast out1611 throw1625 eructate1632 gullop1646 explode1660 to throw off1660 belch1668 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit spew971 aspewc1200 to gulch out?c1225 casta1300 vomea1382 brake1393 evacuec1400 to cast outa1425 deliver?a1425 voida1425 evomec1450 evomit?a1475 disgorge1477 to cast up1483 degorge1493 vomish1536 retch1538 parbreak1540 reject1540 vomit1541 evacuate1542 revomit1545 belch1558 vomit1560 to lay up1570 upvomit1582 to fetch up1599 puke1601 respew1606 inbelch1610 spew1610 to throw up1614 exgurgitate1623 out-spew1647 egurgitate1656 to throw off1660 to bring up1719 pick1828 sick1924 yark1927 barf1960 to park the tiger1970 vom1991 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 288 Copper heated red hot is wont in the cooling to throw off little thin scales. 1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxvii. 401 These Creatures throw off a vast deal from their Lungs in Respiration. 1747 tr. J. Astruc Academical Lect. Fevers 105 A crisis, or critical depuration of the humours, whereby the peccant matter is thrown off:..just as we see in the small-pox, measles, &c. 1829 New Monthly Mag. 25 349 When he found any thing disagreeing with his stomach, he retired and threw it off. 1862 Temple Bar 6 474 Dense volumes of smoke are thrown off. 1891 Harper's Mag. Aug. 357/1 From all parts of the living body living gemmules are being thrown off. 1921 M. V. O'Shea Mental Devel. & Educ. xiv. 283 Living things throw off toxic materials which must be removed or they will act as poisons. 2004 Times of India 5 June 13/5 Powerful microchips are throwing off so much heat that the inside of a personal computer is hotter than Death Valley. 7. transitive. a. To shake off or elude (a pursuer, a fellow competitor in a race, etc.). Cf. to throw out 8a at Phrasal verbs, to throw off the scent at scent n. Phrases 4b.Earliest in hunting contexts.In quot. 1695 as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > leave behind by superior speed outrunc1460 to show (a person) a (clean or fair) pair of heels (also one's heels)1595 to have (also get) the heels of1649 to throw out1682 distance1691 to throw off1695 lose1709 to gain ground of1719 to gain from1805 the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip > specifically a pursuer or competitor to throw out1682 to throw off1695 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur i. 12 Reason..stops her pace, Is soon thrown off, and quits th' unequal Chase. 1708 Brit. Apollo 30 Apr.–5 May The Fox.., when hunted, makes most doubles, to throw off the following Hounds. 1846 Illustr. Family Mag. Jan. 31/1 They had followed it [sc. a missing horse]..through a great many windings, evidently intended to throw off pursuit. 1891 Blackwood's Mag. Apr. 468/1 He wasn't to be thrown off by a false scent. 1901 North-China Herald 15 May 942/2 Rose of the Roses passed and threw off Snowden, who was left fourth by Hannibal. 1986 Irish Times 7 Apr. 5/1 Kelly, Van Der Poel,..and Eddy Planckaert had thrown off the chasing pack in the last few kilometres. 2007 Times of India 7 Nov. 4/1 His 19-year-old daughter..fled to Delhi by changing cars en route to throw off the pursuers. b. colloquial. To disconcert or confuse (someone); to disturb, upset. Cf. main sense 38, to throw out 8b at Phrasal verbs, to put off 7d at put v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > disconcert blemish1544 blank1548 to put out1598 unsettle1644 disconcert1695 to put off1909 to put (someone) off (his) strokea1914 to bend (a person) out of shape1955 to throw off1978 1978 Washington Post 5 June d4/4 When he came out at guard, I said to him, ‘What are you doing here?’ He didn't throw me off... He made me laugh. 1991 N.Y. Times 5 Feb. b12/3 There were some racial comments made toward me. I was a little thrown off by it. 2008 L. Divine Frenemies v. 59 When Jeremy told me he loved me, it really threw me off. 8. transitive. Printing. To print, esp. quickly or hastily. Chiefly in passive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > [verb (transitive)] imprint1477 impress1508 print1511 stamp1555 press1579 pull1653 to take off1707 to throw off1720 strike1759 typefy1856 1720 J. Anderson Lett. Overtures conc. Kirk-sessions & Presbyteries 6 I..never found any Difficulty in getting a Thousand Copies of a Sheet of Paper thrown off in Twenty four Hours. 1793 W. Playfair Thoughts Present State French Politics 95 Ridiculous assignats, thrown off by a printing-press in millions. 1803 W. Scott Let. 21 Apr. (1932) I. 182 I have to thank you for the accuracy with which the Minstrelsy is thrown off. Longman and Rees are delighted with the printing. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. vi. 126 Its own immense edition is thrown off in a few hours every morning. 1924 Scotsman 8 Aug. 6/3 After the initial cost of printing, the extra expense of throwing off additional copies was very small. 1945 N.Y. Times 14 Oct. 4/6 Thousands of copies are thrown off by the press in a matter of hours. 9. transitive. To produce (a literary, artistic, or musical work or sketch) quickly and effortlessly; to execute or create in a fluent and spontaneous manner. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > with ease, speed, or success, or in large quantities whip1611 to work off1653 to hit off1700 dispatchc1710 to throw off1724 to run off1759 to turn off1825 to turn out1847 to run out1872 to churn out1912 proliferate1912 slug1925 whomp1955 gurgitate1963 society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [verb (transitive)] > produce quickly or easily to throw off1724 1724 A. Ramsay Ever Green I. 5 (note) That this Way of throwing off a Verse easily was first introduced by him. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. p. iv The new articles..having been ‘thrown off at a heat’, stood particularly in want of re-revision. 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 115/2 Those exquisite works which..Chantrey so frequently threw off in marble. 1930 Sackbut Apr. 231 The hero threw off his new symphonic poem in a few days. 2004 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. (Nexis) 12 Apr. People think I just threw this off in an afternoon. I work very hard on my books. 10. transitive. a. To produce or send forth; to give birth to (offspring); to send out or extend (branches). Cf. main sense 32, to throw out 3a at Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth forthbring971 akenOE haveOE bearOE to bring into the worldOE teemOE i-bereOE to bring forthc1175 childc1175 reara1275 ofkenc1275 hatcha1350 makea1382 yielda1400 cleck1401 issue1447 engenderc1450 infant1483 deliver?a1518 whelp1581 world1596 yean1598 fall1600 to give (a person or thing) birth1615 to give birth to1633 drop1662 pup1699 born1703 to throw off1742 beteem1855 birth1855 parturiate1866 shell1890 to put to bed1973 bring- 1742 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) V. i. 235 Both Veins and Arteries..every where throwing off very considerable Branches into the Substance of the Testicle. 1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. iv. 230 The gray rabbit..generally throws off three, four, five, or six litters..by the first of June. 1862 Temple Bar 4 548 A massive pillar..threw off rough branches of stone. 1921 V. B. Shore Heritage & Other Stories vi. 185 I just can't get along any more on forty dollars. I'm sure your business throws off much more than that. 2011 N.Y. Times 5 May d7/1 An astounding grape plant..covered 12,000 square feet and threw off 10,000 pounds of fruit at harvest time. b. Of a hive or colony of bees: to produce (a new colony or swarm). Also figurative. ΚΠ 1792 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 82 141 The old stock..threw off this colony. 1828 Examiner 17 Aug. 541/2 A swarm of bees thrown off from one of his scapes. 1892 Good Words Dec. 816/1 Its [sc. Corinth's] territory was small and it threw off many colonies. 1908 W. Francis Nilgiris iv. 201 Though the bees were frequently fed no swarms were thrown off in 1905. 1945 Brit. Bee Jrnl. 12 July 191/1 It would appear that only one virgin is allowed at large in a colony immediately after a swarm has gone off until the moment when a cast is thrown off. 1994 K. Kelly Out of Control ii. 6 I've seen more than a few hives throwing off a swarm, and never has one failed to transfix me utterly. 11. ΚΠ ?1790 Busy Bee II. ciii. 122 We threw off our slang at high and low, And we were resolv'd to breed a row. b. intransitive. colloquial and regional (originally cant). To be sarcastic or critical; to aim criticism or ridicule at someone. Chiefly with at, on. Now chiefly Australian and U.S. regional (southern and south Midland). ΚΠ 1796 T. Morton Way to get Married i. i. 4 Curse the quiz! I'll throw off a little. 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 218 Throw off, to talk in a sarcastical strain, so as to convey offensive allusions under the mask of pleasantry, or innocent freedom; but, perhaps, secretly venting that abuse which you would not dare to give in direct terms. 1865 Mercury (Hobart) 16 Dec. 2/4 Complainant said..defendant was there and kept throwing off at her, saying she ought to get a new set of teeth. 1900 Windsor Mag. Aug. 354/2 Volks be throwen off 'bout it. Vather made vun 'bout it at tea-time. 1911 E. S. Sorenson Life in Austral. Backblocks 247 Some hard case is bound to ‘throw-off’ at him at such times. 1984 O. A. Burns Cold Sassy Tree v. 30 She..didn't throw off on people who said ‘I seen’ or ‘I taken’. 2011 Caboolture (Queensland) News (Nexis) 26 Jan. 19 The laid-back attitude that makes Australians throw off at fervent patriotism, hides a deep and passionate love affair for this oddly-shaped, wide brown land in the southern ocean. 12. transitive. To deduct (a sum of money, etc.) from the total; to reduce the cost by. Also with double object: to deduct (a sum of money, etc.) as a favour to (a person). Cf. to knock off 6 at knock v. Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > discount > deduct as discount [verb (transitive)] allow1396 rebate1425 defalk1460 moderate1541 qualify1548 disaccount1640 off-reckon1721 to sconce offa1777 to throw off1821 1821 Examiner 24 June 385/2 An abatement of rent, Mr. S. Why..last year I threw you off 200l. 1845 Peter Parley's Ann. 299 Perhaps, if you are a good girl, and pay regularly every week, I may throw you off something at the end of the year. 1922 Washington Post 26 Feb. (Mag. section) 1/1 He will throw off 10 per cent from his offer of yesterday for spot cash. 1995 Irish Times 19 Apr. 11/3 I said ‘what's the best you can do for us?’ an' she threw off a few pound. < as lemmas |
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