| 单词 | to stand for |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto stand for —— to stand for —— 1. a. intransitive. To be counted or considered as; to reckon to be. Esp. in to stand for something (or nothing): to have some (or no) value or importance.Formerly also with person as indirect object (e.g. quots. a1400, 1563). ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > be a substitute [verb (intransitive)] to stand for ——OE to stand in a person's stead?a1515 to be in any one's coat1530 walk1558 to serve the turn of1565 succenturiate1647 commute1653 to hand the saw1654 substitute1675 surrogate1681 to be in (another person's) shoes1767 substitute1888 pinch-hit1911 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail [verb (intransitive)] to stand for something (or nothing)OE frustrate1471 unavail1866 to cut ice1894 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)] reckeOE recka1250 attainc1374 beforcec1375 pertaina1382 concern1477 import1539 signifya1616 to trench into (unto)1621 to bear (a) (great) state1623 urge1654 relate1655 bulk1672 refer1677 argufy1751 to be no small drinka1774 tell1779 reckon1811 to count for (much, little, nothing, etc.)1857 to stand for something (or nothing)1863 shout1876 count1885 mind1915 rate1926 OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxxvii. 338 Gyf hwa on leasre gewitnesse openlice stande & he oferstæled weorðe, ne stande his gewitnes syððan for aht. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9972 It es vs sett als in þe marche, And standes vs for sceild and targe, Agains all vre wiþerwyns. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. ii. l. 3188 Yif power fayleþ þe wille nis but in ydel and stant for nauȝt [L. frustra sit]. 1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) 211 b For that daye yt he heareth a masse,..if a man die: it shall stand hym for hys housell. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 34 Iupiter himself, shal stand for example. 1659 N. R. Proverbs 54 He stands for a Cipher. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 23 The two Audiences which he had receiv'd should stand for nothing. 1863 M. Oliphant Salem Chapel I. ii. 28 He began to divine faintly,..that external circumstances do stand for something. 1905 Single Tax Rev. Apr. 28 Shibboleths that stand for nothing in his theorics of social adjustments. 2007 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 147 A self-satisfied pose that stands for nothing and doesn't require you take creative responsibility. b. intransitive. To represent, take the place of, perform the function of. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > supplanting or replacement > take the place of or replace [verb (intransitive)] to stand for ——lOE to give steadc1340 to stand in a person's stead?a1515 to do (obs.), fill, serve, supply the stead of1558 to fill the room of1562 to usurp the place of1574 suppullulate1601 to stead upa1616 to take the place ofa1616 succenturiate1630 act1651 succeed1692 to do duty1825 lOE Laws of Æðelstan (Rochester) v. ii. 168 Se þe bespirige yrfe innan oþres land:..stande þæt spor for þone foraþ. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxxv. 975 Þe myddil sillable stondeþ for a schort sillable in þe secounde vers. a1422 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 449 (MED) The Aldirman and tho foure so chosen schul namen xxiiij persones off the Fraternite qwiche schul standen for þe sembles..and tho..schal ben for þe hool semble. 1567 N. Sanders Rocke of Churche ii. 31 According to the Greeke phrase (where the comparatiue standeth for the superlatiue). 1595 W. Warner tr. Plautus Menaecmi i. ii. sig. B2v Cyl. That's ten persons in all. Erot. How many? Cyl. Ten, for I warrant you that Parasite may stand for eight at his vittels. 1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois iii. sig. F2 You two onely Stand for our Armie. 1861 F. A. Paley Æschylus' Supplices (ed. 2) 968 (note) Here therefore ταῦτα seems to stand for τάδε. 1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxxii. 359 I had now to attend to my appearance, for in truth I might have stood for one of those gory giants with whom [etc.]. 1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Nov. 3/4 English Bibles..print LORD in capitals to indicate that it stands for the sacred Tetragrammaton (or four sacred consonants) and not for the actual Hebrew word Adonai. c. intransitive. Of a character in a writing system, an abbreviation, etc.: to symbolize, signify. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)] token971 to stand for ——a1387 presentc1390 discern?a1439 liken?c1450 adumbrate1537 figurate?1548 character1555 shadow1574 shade1591 characterize1594 symbolize1603 hieroglyphic1615 personatea1616 modelizea1628 similize1646 symptom1648 express1649 signaturize1669 image1778 embryo1831 symbol1832 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 351 Þe eleueþe lettre stondeþ for twenty, þe twelfþe for þritty... For an hondred stondeþ [?a1475 anon. tr. is signifiede; L. designatur] þe nyntenþe lettre. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) l. 187 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 336 C stant for Crist. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iii. 25 As if you aske what [number] I. stands for, what V. what X. what L. &c. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 226 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors These Figures stand not for any word that hath any particular signification in their Language. 1823 Mirror 1 165/2 C stands for Cupid. 1913 Nation 10 Apr. 372/3 The V.S...at the foot of a page is not properly explained. It stands for volti subito, turn over quickly. 2019 J. M. Metzl Dying of Whiteness 104 PYLL stands for ‘potential years of life lost’, and 75 represents the average life span in the United States. d. intransitive. To be a symbolic expression or emblem of, to signify. ΚΠ 1565 N. Sanders Supper of Our Lord iv. f. 195 If it [sc. the word ‘body’] stand for the signe and figure of Christes body, when it is ioyned with the verb est, is, how can it but stand for the same signe and figure, when it is ioyned with the verb datur, it is geuen? 1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. Pref. 7 It is impossible that words can always stand for the same ideas, even in the same author. 1911 W. M. F. Petrie Revol. of Civilisation v. 95 In architecture, Salisbury Cathedral stands for the perfect acquirement of freedom and grace without the least trace of over-elaboration. 2016 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 9 Sept. a16 In First Nations culture, the eagle feather stands for respect, honour, strength and courage. e. intransitive. Of a part or aspect of something: to serve as a metonym for (the whole). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > find or furnish an instance or example of [verb (transitive)] > serve as a sample or specimen of to stand for ——1594 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. K3 A hand, a foote, a face, a leg, a head Stood for the whole to be imagined. View more context for this quotation 1602 R. Parsons Warn-word i. xvi. f. 108v Particuler indiuiduals, and not vniuersals..do stand for the whole, and are said to be of the whole. 1765 B. Heath Revisal Shakespear's Text 166 The accusative, them, refers to the precedent word, complaints, and..this by a metonymy of the effect for the cause, stands for the freaks which occasioned those complaints. 1833 L. Hunt in Court Mag. & Belle Assemblée July 33/2 Harriet is all womankind. A female name, thus put in question, ad hominem, stands for the whole sex. 1971 S. DeFord & C. H. Lott Forms of Verse 342 (Gloss.) The poet substitutes a term associated with the thing to be named; e.g., Shakespeare's ‘The crown will find an heir’, in which ‘crown’ stands for ‘king’. 2013 H. Aldersey-Williams Anatomies (new ed.) 83 We are accustomed both to accept a representation of the head as a sign for the actual head and to accept that the head may stand for the whole person. 2. a. intransitive. To uphold, defend (a cause, etc.); to support, take the side of (a person). Formerly also with adverbial complement. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support or defend to stand by ——OE to speak for ——a1300 to stand for ——1384 maintainc1390 to stand up for1562 to stand out for?c1576 to stand to ——1582 patronize1595 stickle1632 to stick up for1792 championize1840 champion1844 to take up the cudgels1869 1384 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 5 That thai sall stand furght for hym and his boundes and he sall stand for hym and his boundes vnder the samen condicion. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18933 To stand ai stitli for þe fai, And thrali preche al crist lai. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 142 For Christis word se ȝe stand for it. 1593 R. Bancroft Daungerous Positions iv. xiv. 179 Certaine..men..would shortly take vpon them the defence of the cause, which he and his brethren in prison stood-for. 1642 Prince Rupert Declar. 6 The Lord prosper the worke of their hands who stand for God and King Charles. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 34. ¶10 Every Man at first stood hard for his Friend. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 103 I beheld her, when she rose.., and storming in extremes Stood for her cause. 1912 R. Macaulay Views & Vagabonds ii. 24 We stand for all the principles of the Fabian Society, the S.D.P., and..so forth. 2005 French Forum 30 72 As a student of Jean-Jacques Rousseau who..protests against a gangrened society, he stands for a philosophy of social revolution. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > [phrase] witc900 hightOE to stand for it?a1500 take my word for it1576 I protest1587 I warrant me1825 a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Cock & Fox l. 564 in Poems (1981) 25 Than will thay stint, I stand for it, and not steir. 1567 Kingis Complaint (single sheet) I stand forde. 1568 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Bannatyne) l. 3041 in Wks. (1931) II. 358 Thow art ane lymmar, I stand ford. 1638 Earl of Rothes Affairs Kirk Scotl. (1830) 166 If they had..reasone and law for it, the King wold stand for it, that [etc.]. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > legal security [verb (transitive)] > be security for to stand in wax for1608 1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. A3 Hee has consumed al, pawnd his lands, and made his vniversitie brother stand in waxe for him, Thers a fine phrase for a scriuener. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > be sufficient for [verb (transitive)] > of money or payment to stand for ——1389 to run to ——1859 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 10 And ȝif þe man wil haue his wyf a suster, þan schal þt paiement stonde for hem bothe. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to effect seekc1000 procurec1300 to stand for ——1531 drift1596 enround1606 the mind > language > statement > pressure or urgency > press or urge [verb (transitive)] strain1380 pressa1382 art?1406 enforcec1449 to stand for ——1531 work1532 urge1560 force1580 instance1606 1531 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. 39 Gaef sa beis that ther be ony mair anwell tane nor fyf crownis..the sayd Robert or his airis sall pas to the toder part and stand for raleyf of the samyne. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. xii. 320 What cause was there why the people of Rome should stand so hard for fields, or foode, [L. agros et cibaria flagitaret]? 1676 H. More Remarks 2 Disc. Contents sig. b5 That Experiment of Regius..can be no instance of such an Attraction and Rarefaction as this Author stands for. 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World v. 165 He stands more for his honour than any money. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or backing > support, side with, or back [verb (transitive)] > of customs or sentiments to stand for ——1578 1578 T. Twyne tr. L. Daneau Wonderfull Woorkmanship of World xvii. f. 37v Gods woord shall sufficiently defende mee, and his holy trueth shall stande for me against them all. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxviii. 168 Seeing my countrie giues me leaue, and her custome standes for me. 1788 New London Mag. 428 The King's affections standing for this disposition of the crown, he was gained at last to ouerlook his sisters and break through his father's will. 6. intransitive. Nautical. To direct one's course to or towards. Cf. main sense 41b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > sail towards or head for to seek up14.. to bear up1582 to stand for ——a1594 to seek up for1632 a1594 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 294 The captaines desired our company; wherefore we willingly attended on them: who at this time with 10. other ships stood for Faial. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 13 I stood for the Barbarie shore. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. x. 105 We stood for the Island of Juan Fernandes. 1814 W. Scott Diary 11 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 181 We are standing for some creek or harbour, called Lingholm-bay. 1906 J. Hopper Caybigan viii. 181 Finally the ship itself would burst into view past the upper end, and stand for shore. 2014 T. McGrath Give Me Fast Ship 54 By ten o'clock the ships had assembled and dropped anchor, while the four carrying the marines and about two hundred sailors stood for shore. 7. intransitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To endure, put up with, tolerate. Usually in negative constructions. Cf. main sense 8d(a). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] > endure without giving way tholec1175 suffera1387 outbear1530 to fight out1548 sustain1573 stand1575 hold1592 to stand out1600 to bide out1637 to stand for ——1896 tough1974 1896 G. Ade Artie xii. 107 They say they can't stand for that kind o' work. 1916 E. V. Lucas Vermilion Box lxvi. 72 So crabbed and odd and disagreeable that the store let him go... Two weeks ago he lost his position in the country store. Even that place could not stand for him. 1952 M. Laski Village xix. 265 Me and Dad have stood for a lot of things..but there's one thing we won't stand for and that's any hole-and-corner business. 2010 J. O'Connor Ghost Light (2011) xii. 198 I've told them I won't stand for any of their pen-pushing nonsense. < as lemmas |
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