aetiologyetiologyn.

Brit.

/ˌiːtɪˈɒlədʒi/, U.S.

/ˌidiˈɑlədʒi/

Forms:

α. 1500s aetiologe, 1500s–1600s aetiologie, 1500s–1700s aitiologie, 1600s aitiology, 1600s etiologie, 1600s– aetiology, 1600s– etiology.

β. 1500s–1600s aetiologia.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin aetiologia.

Etymology: < classical Latin aetiologia inquiry into, or explanation of, causes, in post-classical Latin also in medical context (1602 or earlier) < ancient Greek αἰτιολογία < αἰτία responsibility, guilt, blame, accusation, cause, reason (see note) + -λογία -logy comb. form. Compare Middle French aitiologie, French étiologie, †aetiologie (1550 in an apparently isolated attestation, and subsequently from 1694, in medical context; 1611 in philosophical context), Spanish etiología (1580), Italian eziologia (1631 as †etiologia; earliest in medical context).Ancient Greek αἰτία derives < αἴτιος culpable, responsible < an unattested noun *αἶτος portion, share (compare ἔξαιτος choice, excellent; < the stem of αἴνυσθαι to take hold of, seize ( < the same Indo-European base as Tocharian B ai- to give) + -τος, suffix forming nouns) + -ιος, suffix forming adjectives.

1. The assignment of a cause; the provision of a reason for something; (also) the cause assigned, the reason given for something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > [noun]

aetiologya1555

tell-cause1589

assignation1615

assignment1651

attributiona1665

ascribing1833

a1555 J. Bradford Two Notable Serm. (1574) sig. Bvij He addeth this ætiologie or cause, saying: For the kingdom of heauen is at hand.

1581 T. Rogers tr. N. Hemmingsen Faith of Church Militant iii. iv. 463 ‘The Lord Wil Give Grace and Glorie, and no Good Thing Will He Deprive them of, Which Walke Innocentlie.’ This is an Aetiologe [L. aetiologia]. For it rendreth the reason whie Dauid doth choose to bee the most abiect in the house of the Lorde..rather than to enioie euen the greatest pleasure and delightes in the tabernacles of y^e vngodlie.

1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 161 And consider with me the Topography, the Artiology [read Aitiology], the Chronography of this miracle.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Etiology, a rendring of a cause, a shewing of reason.

1717 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 406 The Etiology of a matter so uncommon, never before seen by my self.

1771 P. Woulfe in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 115 Ætiology of the Operation.

1810 Repertory of Arts, Manufactures, & Agric. 2nd ser. 17 370 It is not, however, very easy to give a plausible etiology of the method of refining mentioned by Agatharchides.

1893 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 13 254 We are told by Pliny..that it was at Corinth that gold was first mixed with the bronze, though his story of its invention..has a distinct savour of aetiology.

2008 S. Niditch Judges 210 The tale of the women of Shiloh may well be an etiology for customs involving marriage.

2. The study of causation; (formerly) †the part of philosophy which deals with the demonstration of causes (obsolete); (subsequently) the part of a science which deals with the causes of its phenomena. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > causationism > [noun]

aetiology1655

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 7 I have heard some great pretenders to State-ætiology, and who undertake to mate all events with their proper causes, passionately ascribe Englands calamities to those internuptials, and fetch that ireful stroke of divine Justice upon his late Majesty from his marrying a Lady of mis-belief.

1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iv. 27 Whereby he conceives all Dogmatick Ætiology may be refelled, as defective.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The sceptics were professed opponents of all ætiology, or argumentation from causes.

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 240 The etiology of our science.

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals Introd. 35 Ætiology has for its object the ascertainment of the causes of these facts, and the explanation of biological phenomena, by showing that they constitute particular cases of general physical laws.

1932 Discovery Apr. 108/2 One of the salient features in recent aetiology..has been the recognition of the more or less open secret expressed in the term ‘emergent evolution’.

1995 S. Schama Landscape & Memory i. 58 No writer before Mickiewicz had described the etiology of the ancient forest with such a keen eye.

3. Medicine. Originally: †explanation or exposition of the origin or causation of a disease; †the branch of medical theory dealing with this; (obsolete). In later use: the causation of (a) disease; a cause or causative agent of disease.

ΚΠ

1665 G. Thomson Galeno-pale vi. 27 'Tis true, the Invention of the Circulation of the Blood by industrious Doctor Harvey, is highly to be commended, and gives some satisfaction in the solving certain Phænomena in Physiologie and Aitiologie.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xvi. 562 Nor will it be easie..to inquire the particular reasons of this Ail, nor to proceed in this Aitiology.

1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved vi. 60 The Aetiology or Doctrine, teaching (or rather pretending to teach) us the Knowledge of the Causes of Distempers.

1772 tr. S. A. D. Tissot Pract. Observ. Small Pox 112 What was the ætiology of the disease?

1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 163 In our opinion, both essentialists and localists have taken a much too limited view of the etiology of fever.

1881 Nature 11 Aug. 346/2 The important part played by parasitic organisms in the ætiology of disease.

1910 A. J. Ochsner & R. L. Thompson Surg. & Pathol. Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands xii. 205 To the internist the question of a hypoparathyroid etiology in the various tetanies became of interest.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 14 Mar. 615/2 Two of the most common bacterial etiologies of so-called cryptic mycotic aneurysms are Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella organisms.

2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts iv. 86 Controversy as to what causes disease—the problem of aetiology—was one of medicine's key unresolved questions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aetiology
释义	aetiologyetiologyn. Brit. /ˌiːtɪˈɒlədʒi/, U.S. /ˌidiˈɑlədʒi/ Forms: α. 1500s aetiologe, 1500s–1600s aetiologie, 1500s–1700s aitiologie, 1600s aitiology, 1600s etiologie, 1600s– aetiology, 1600s– etiology. β. 1500s–1600s aetiologia. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin aetiologia. Etymology: < classical Latin aetiologia inquiry into, or explanation of, causes, in post-classical Latin also in medical context (1602 or earlier) < ancient Greek αἰτιολογία < αἰτία responsibility, guilt, blame, accusation, cause, reason (see note) + -λογία -logy comb. form. Compare Middle French aitiologie, French étiologie, †aetiologie (1550 in an apparently isolated attestation, and subsequently from 1694, in medical context; 1611 in philosophical context), Spanish etiología (1580), Italian eziologia (1631 as †etiologia; earliest in medical context).Ancient Greek αἰτία derives < αἴτιος culpable, responsible < an unattested noun αἶτος portion, share (compare ἔξαιτος* choice, excellent; < the stem of αἴνυσθαι to take hold of, seize ( < the same Indo-European base as Tocharian B ai- to give) + -τος, suffix forming nouns) + -ιος, suffix forming adjectives. 1. The assignment of a cause; the provision of a reason for something; (also) the cause assigned, the reason given for something. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > [noun] aetiologya1555 tell-cause1589 assignation1615 assignment1651 attributiona1665 ascribing1833 a1555 J. Bradford Two Notable Serm. (1574) sig. Bvij He addeth this ætiologie or cause, saying: For the kingdom of heauen is at hand. 1581 T. Rogers tr. N. Hemmingsen Faith of Church Militant iii. iv. 463 ‘The Lord Wil Give Grace and Glorie, and no Good Thing Will He Deprive them of, Which Walke Innocentlie.’ This is an Aetiologe [L. aetiologia]. For it rendreth the reason whie Dauid doth choose to bee the most abiect in the house of the Lorde..rather than to enioie euen the greatest pleasure and delightes in the tabernacles of y^e vngodlie. 1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 161 And consider with me the Topography, the Artiology [read Aitiology], the Chronography of this miracle. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Etiology, a rendring of a cause, a shewing of reason. 1717 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 406 The Etiology of a matter so uncommon, never before seen by my self. 1771 P. Woulfe in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 115 Ætiology of the Operation. 1810 Repertory of Arts, Manufactures, & Agric. 2nd ser. 17 370 It is not, however, very easy to give a plausible etiology of the method of refining mentioned by Agatharchides. 1893 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 13 254 We are told by Pliny..that it was at Corinth that gold was first mixed with the bronze, though his story of its invention..has a distinct savour of aetiology. 2008 S. Niditch Judges 210 The tale of the women of Shiloh may well be an etiology for customs involving marriage. 2. The study of causation; (formerly) †the part of philosophy which deals with the demonstration of causes (obsolete); (subsequently) the part of a science which deals with the causes of its phenomena. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > causationism > [noun] aetiology1655 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 7 I have heard some great pretenders to State-ætiology, and who undertake to mate all events with their proper causes, passionately ascribe Englands calamities to those internuptials, and fetch that ireful stroke of divine Justice upon his late Majesty from his marrying a Lady of mis-belief. 1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iv. 27 Whereby he conceives all Dogmatick Ætiology may be refelled, as defective. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The sceptics were professed opponents of all ætiology, or argumentation from causes. 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 240 The etiology of our science. 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals Introd. 35 Ætiology has for its object the ascertainment of the causes of these facts, and the explanation of biological phenomena, by showing that they constitute particular cases of general physical laws. 1932 Discovery Apr. 108/2 One of the salient features in recent aetiology..has been the recognition of the more or less open secret expressed in the term ‘emergent evolution’. 1995 S. Schama Landscape & Memory i. 58 No writer before Mickiewicz had described the etiology of the ancient forest with such a keen eye. 3. Medicine. Originally: †explanation or exposition of the origin or causation of a disease; †the branch of medical theory dealing with this; (obsolete). In later use: the causation of (a) disease; a cause or causative agent of disease. ΚΠ 1665 G. Thomson Galeno-pale vi. 27 'Tis true, the Invention of the Circulation of the Blood by industrious Doctor Harvey, is highly to be commended, and gives some satisfaction in the solving certain Phænomena in Physiologie and Aitiologie. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xvi. 562 Nor will it be easie..to inquire the particular reasons of this Ail, nor to proceed in this Aitiology. 1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved vi. 60 The Aetiology or Doctrine, teaching (or rather pretending to teach) us the Knowledge of the Causes of Distempers. 1772 tr. S. A. D. Tissot Pract. Observ. Small Pox 112 What was the ætiology of the disease? 1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 163 In our opinion, both essentialists and localists have taken a much too limited view of the etiology of fever. 1881 Nature 11 Aug. 346/2 The important part played by parasitic organisms in the ætiology of disease. 1910 A. J. Ochsner & R. L. Thompson Surg. & Pathol. Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands xii. 205 To the internist the question of a hypoparathyroid etiology in the various tetanies became of interest. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 14 Mar. 615/2 Two of the most common bacterial etiologies of so-called cryptic mycotic aneurysms are Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella organisms. 2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts iv. 86 Controversy as to what causes disease—the problem of aetiology—was one of medicine's key unresolved questions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1555
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