† bridgingn.¹

Forms: late Middle English breggyng, late Middle English breging, late Middle English bregynge, 1500s brydgyng.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: abridging n.

Etymology: Aphetic < abridging n. Compare earlier bridge v.² and bridger n.²

Obsolete.

The action of abridging or shortening something; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > summarizing or abridging

bridginga1425

breviation1509

abbreviating1548

abridgement1579

contracting1585

curtailing1586

contraction1655

condensation1798

curtailment1799

epitomization1805

summarizing1808

entailment1822

boiling1898

predigestion1904

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. x. 23 The Lord God of oostis schal make an endyng and a breggyng [E.V. a1382 Douce 369(1) abreggyng; L. abbreviationem] in the myddis of al erthe.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 57 (MED) Þu gloris in þe lawe, wnworscippist God be breging of þe lawe.

1542 Glasse for Housholders sig. giii Paye them truely theyr wages without dilacion or brydgyng.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bridgingn.²

Brit.

/ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bridge n.¹, bridge v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly (originally) < bridge n.¹+ -ing suffix¹, and partly (especially in senses 4 and 5) < bridge v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.With sense 1b compare later bridge v.¹ II.

1. Building.

a. In a wide floor requiring two layers of joists: each of the joists resting on the binding joists and supporting the floorboards; = bridging joist n. at Compounds. Usually in plural. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > joist > types of

bridge1420

trimming-joist?1677

binding-joist1679

bridging1733

bridging joist1733

bay1823

trimming-piece1833

trimmed joist1876

RSJ1940

tail-joist-

1733 J. Smith Carpenters Compan. 14 The Bridgings..lye a-cross the binding Joysts, and are pinned down to them with Pins of Wood, or Spikes of Iron.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 974 Floor Joists are those which support the boards of the floor; but when the floor consists of binding and bridging joists, the bridgings are never called floor joists.

1991 Architects' Jrnl. 17 July 48/2 Not enough is known about the..binders and bridgings [in double floors] to offer any general guidance about their strength.

b. In plural: braces or struts fitted between joists, beams, or other supports, esp. in a floor. Also in singular: such braces or struts collectively. Cf. bridging piece n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > other specific parts

panel1498

pane1582

well-curb1665

through-work1686

gathering1703

dripping1735

sweep1766

bridging1774

accouplement1823

sweep-work1847

1774 T. Skaife Key Civil Archit. xvi. 93 If there is any great weight to be sustained, bridgings of timber should be framed to discharge the weight from the crown of the arch.

1868 Sloan's Archit. Rev. Dec. 406/1 The oak bridging will thus bind the piles longitudinally and vertically.

1923 Sci. Amer. Aug. 81/3 (caption) Note the heavy joists connected by bridging which makes for rigidity and distributes weight evenly.

1993 W. P. Spence Resid. Framing vi. 114/1 Bridging is usually required when the ratio of joist depth to thickness is six to one or greater.

a. The action of building, forming, or providing with, a bridge (esp. in sense 1). Also: an instance of this.In quot. 1736 with reference to the upper, bony part of the nose (see bridge n.¹ 10a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > [noun] > and connecting

bridging1736

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > building or repair of bridges > spanning with bridge

bridging1736

1736 ‘T. Bridgeabout’ Rinology 6 None..better knows the Art of Bridging.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 252 The bridging of the sacred Hellespont.

1922 Iowa State Highway Comm. Service Bull. Feb. 3/2 The grading, draining and bridging of the primary roads from Corning west to the Montgomery County line has been completed.

1965 Sci. News Let. 18 Sept. 185/2 A benign growth..was found on the man's hard palate.., making considerable dental work necessary before the dentist could proceed with the bridging of the front teeth.

2005 P. Whitfield Cities of World 81 The great event in Edinburgh's architectural history was the draining of this loch, and the bridging of the resulting valley in 1772.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Reduction of a notional gap, division, or distance; the action of making a difference, difficulty, etc., smaller or less significant, or of reconciling disparate things or groups.

ΚΠ

1871 Amer. Ann. Deaf & Dumb July 160 The bridging of the chasm, which, in previous ages, had separated this class of unfortunates from the rest of their race.

1903 Recreation Apr. 252/1 I might behold the bridging of the distance between despair and joy as pictured on the human face.

2017 J. Beaman Citizen Outsider iv. 78 The bridging of different cultural worlds by African Americans through code-switching and behavior-switching.

3. The structure or component parts of a bridge or bridges, considered collectively.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > that which is built or constructed > [noun] > bridges

bridging1832

1832 Rep. Michigan Road Commissioner in Jrnl. House of Representatives Indiana (17th Sess.) App. A. 2 The construction of 390 feet of puncheon bridging, 150 feet of frame bridging.

1884 H. W. Clarke in Pall Mall Gaz. 5 May 2/2 This sum included—ballast, heavy bridging, station buildings.

1971 P. Berton Last Spike iii. iii. 108 Every sliver of bridging had to be brought from Rat Portage, one hundred and forty miles east of Winnipeg, or from Minnesota.

2004 Conservation Action (N.Z. Dept. of Conservation) July 30/3 The upgraded track features several sections of bridging and boardwalking over wetlands and bogs, allowing visitors to stay dry-footed while enjoying the experience.

4. Cards. The action or practice of bending a card so that it forms a slight curve or arch, in order to mark it or to make it stand out when the deck is cut; (now esp.) the action of bridging the interleaved parts of a deck of cards in a bridge shuffle (see bridge shuffle n. at bridge n.¹ Compounds 4).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card-sharping or cheating > [noun] > methods of

palm1664

high game1665

palming1671

slick1674

brief1680

gammoning1700

shoulder-dash1711

bridge1773

weaving1803

bridging1843

palmistry1859

slipping1864

stocking1887

big mitt1903

1843 G. D. W. Reynolds Sequel to Don Juan 113 ‘Bridging’ is now so well known, that few ‘Greeks’ (sharpers) ever have recourse to it; but fifty years ago the practice was only understood by a small number of persons.

1879 Sporting Exam. 19 Aug. 262 By slightly bending a card—termed bridging—he could force, as it were, his opponent in the game to ‘cut’ the cards wherever he wished.

1921 T. N. Downs Art of Magic (ed. 2) 133 The ‘bridging’ should be done at the end instead of the side, and is performed in the act of cutting.

2011 @mattjames_games 22 Mar. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Pile shuffle and gravity riffle the cards. Side shuffle if you must. No bridging.

5. In rock climbing, mountaineering, etc.: the action or technique of climbing a chimney or similar cleft in a rock face by stretching the body across it, applying pressure with the hands and feet on the opposing surfaces; a climbing position used in this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > techniques

ice work1856

abseil1923

rappel1931

bridging1941

prusik1972

bridge1986

rap jumping1992

crimp1994

1941 C. F. Kirkus Let's go Climbing! iv. 56 You are now standing astride the chimney..left hand and foot on the left wall and the right hand and foot on the right wall. You can now climb straight up in the more natural position. This is known as bridging.

1988 Climber June 32/1 All becomes clear..when I touch rock, for an unnerving lack of handholds requires a delicate combination of bridging on friction and laybacking on rounded edges.

2013 J. White Indoor Climbing Man. vii. 113/1 The best and easiest resting positions involve bridging—pushing the feet in opposition to each other, usually in a corner—to support your weight without the use of handholds.

Compounds

bridging floor n. Building (now historical) a floor in which bridging joists are employed, esp. a wide floor requiring the bridging joists to be supported by one or more binding joists.

ΚΠ

1733 F. Price Treat. Carpentry p. ii In Bridging-Floors, do not place your Binding or Strong-Joists above four or five Feet apart.

1774 T. Skaife Key Civil Archit. lvi. 210 Surveyors allow about the same for those [sc. common naked floors] as the bridging floors; because the quantity of materials run near the same.

1989 D. Yeomans in H. Hobhouse & A. Saunders Good & Proper Materials 39/2 Two kinds of floor were used, one simply having common joists and girders while for better quality work a bridging floor was used.

bridging joist n. Building (now rare) (in a wide floor requiring two layers of joists) each of the joists resting transversely on the larger binding joists below and supporting the floorboards above (now historical); (also more generally, regardless of the type of floor) each of the joists which directly supports the floorboards.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > joist > types of

bridge1420

trimming-joist?1677

binding-joist1679

bridging1733

bridging joist1733

bay1823

trimming-piece1833

trimmed joist1876

RSJ1940

tail-joist-

1733 F. Price Treat. Carpentry 8 These deep Joists, as well as Bridging Joists, are so prepared as to be put in the Cieling Joists.

1875 Notes Building Constr. I. v. 84 Double Floors.—In these the bridging joists, instead of spanning the whole distance from wall to wall, are supported by intermediate balks called Binders (or ‘Binding Joists’).

1976 East & West 26 198 As the bridging joist covers only one bay, the two-bay system produced an alternate bearing of bridging joists.

bridging piece n. (a) (Building) a piece of wood or metal fitted between two beams, rafters, etc., esp. a brace between two floor joists; (b) (more generally) something that serves to connect or act as a bridge between two things (literal and figurative).

ΚΠ

1825 R. Elsam Pract. Builder's Perpetual Price-bk. 67 The pieces of wood, so described, called bridging-pieces, are boarded over with ¾-inch, 1-inch, or 1¼-inch, rough deal, and subsequently covered with lead.

1990 Advertiser (Nexis) 19 Sept. Tony Bishop's sculpture..seems to be a bridging piece between pop and minimalism.

2008 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 26 Apr. (Mag.) 18 My bottom plate goes straight on the floor, the top onto bridging pieces nailed between the ceiling joists.

bridging shot n. Cinematography a shot inserted to show a change in time, place, etc., between two scenes, for instance showing the pages of a calendar turning, or a train in motion.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of

long shot1858

glass shot1908

close-up1913

aerial shot1920

angle shot1922

medium shot1925

far-away1926

travelling shot1927

zoom1930

zoom shot1930

process shot1931

close-medium shot1933

medium close-up1933

reverse angle1933

reverse shot1934

three-shot1934

tilt shot1934

medium-close shot1937

reaction shot1937

tracking shot1940

pan shot1941

stock shot1941

Dutch angle1947

cheat shot1948

establishing shot1948

master-scene1948

trucking shot1948

two-shot1949

bridging shot1951

body shot1952

library shot1953

master shot1953

mid shot1953

MS1953

pullback1957

MCU1959

noddy1982

arc shot1989

pop shot1993

1951 Sponsor 4 June 64/3 Bridging shot. Shot inserted in the editing of a scene to cover a jump in time or other break in continuity.

1961 Jrnl. Soc. Cinematologists 1 27 ‘The bridging shot’ sounds like a transplantation from radio.

2016 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 24 Dec. 31 Ozu's influence is all over this domestic drama, with its constant scenes of eating and drinking and its bridging shots of trains or the sea.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bridgingadj.

Brit.

/ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bridge v.¹, -ing suffix².

Etymology: < bridge v.¹ + -ing suffix². With sense 2 compare earlier bridging n.² 2 and bridge-building n.

a. That reduces or closes a notional gap; intermediate or transitional between two things in time, character, etc.

ΚΠ

1862 G. Rorison in Replies Ess. & Rev. v. 325 There is no bridging brain between [that of an ape and that of man].

1930 Times 2 Jan. 13/6 The provision of a short..bridging period between the university and business life.

1998 Business Rev. Weekly 22 June . 76 A camera/film system developed..as a bridging technology between conventional 35-millimetre photography and digital imaging.

2017 D. Henson in G. Moshenska Key Concepts Public Archaeol. (e-book, accessed 10 Oct. 2018) iv. 44 Archaeology is a bridging discipline between past and present.

b. That forms or functions as a physical bridge between two things; that physically joins or connects two things.

ΚΠ

1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxxiv. 331 The bridging bough was detected, and a volunteer started up the tree that furnished the bridge.

1988 DIY Today Apr. 54/3 Put bedside cabinets either side of the bed and carry straight on with a bridging unit fitted high over the bed.

2011 L. F. Czervionke in L. F. Czervionke & D. S. Fenton Imaging Painful Spine Disorders xvii. 125/2 Five transverse and obliquely oriented fibers..join the larger concentric, vertically-oriented lamellae. These tiny bridging fibers are not visible between the inner lamellae.

2. Of a person of group: that constructs, or is employed to construct, a bridge or bridges.Some examples may be interpreted as attributive uses of bridging n.² 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [adjective] > building bridges

pontifical1667

bridging1891

1891 Daily News 26 May 3/7 The bridging battalion of Royal Engineers.

1947 Geogr. Jrnl. 109 183 Two small timber bridges, built by the bridging party over small rivers, were crossed without difficulty.

2016 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 17 Nov. Around 11 crews, or 40 people, were working on roads, and engineers and NZTA bridging teams were completing inspections of local bridges.

3. Designating a species of plant that (supposedly) is able to transmit a parasitic fungus to another species of plant which is usually incapable of being infected with that fungus; esp. as bridging host, bridging species, etc. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > parasite plant > host plant

nurse-plant1857

nurse-tree1857

bridging host1904

bridging species1904

1904 H. M. Ward in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 196 34 A certain species of grass (A) may be capable of infection by means of spores from two other host-plants (B and C), neither of which is predisposed to reciprocal infection, though both may be infected from such a ‘bridging’ species (A) as is referred to above.

1905 Jrnl. Mycol. 11 54 Puccinia Helianthi Schw. is a single species, having many races, for which H. annuus acts as a bridging host.

1924 Arkiv för Botanik No. 2 22 It was established, that Peridermium Pini can spread directly from pine to pine, without any bridging plant.

1979 C. E. Yarwood in Adv. in Virus Res. 25 186 In some cases the normal limits of host range may be breached by bridging hosts.., though the phenomenon of bridging species is commonly discredited.

2001 Plant Dis. 85 809/3 The bridging host theory was refuted by E. C. Stakman et al.

4. Chemistry. Of a group, atom, bond, etc.: connecting two molecules, or two parts of a molecule or complex structure. Cf. bridge v.¹ 9.

ΚΠ

1920 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 117 ii. 1646 The bridging groups NO₂ and NH₂..are now similarly associated with each of the two cobalt atoms.

1991 New Scientist 12 Oct. 48/1 The boron atom at the apex of the pyramidal cage is removed and replaced with two bridging hydrogen atoms to give a double-decker molecule.

2004 Nature 5 Feb. 498/2 When the diazenido derivative is heated, hydrogen is lost and the central bridging N₂H₂ moiety is rearranged.

5. Finance. Designating money loaned or borrowed to cover a short-term financial deficit, esp. in an interval between two transactions; relating to or involving such money. See also bridging loan n. at Compounds.Bridge is the more common term in North American use (see bridge n.¹ Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [adjective] > types of loan

self-liquidating1851

non-recourse1905

bridging1930

tied1958

underwater1975

sovereign1977

single currency1978

roll-up1983

self-certified1989

sub-sovereign1991

subprime1993

1930 Financial Times 14 Oct. 5/7 In the current year a large portion of the existing floating debt had been repaid, but the fresh expenses and the decrease in tax payments resulting from the bad trade prospects necessitates a 'bridging' credit.

1983 Times 12 Oct. 21/8 A big bridging operation by Western governments..looks unlikely.

1991 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Nov. 1121/1 Additional resources..should include bridging funds to enable new areas of work to begin in advance of resources being released from activities that will no longer be necessary.

2018 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Sept. (Property section) 2 To avoid the stress of bridging finance we had to sell our home before we bought elsewhere.

Compounds

bridging course n. a short intensive learning programme designed to help students gain skills or knowledge needed for further or higher education (esp. students who otherwise might not meet the usual entry requirements for a specific degree course).

ΚΠ

1967 Theory into Pract. 6 225/1 Bridging courses would also be organized around the courses in research method.

1977 P. Mittler Day Services for Mentally Handicapped Adults (Nat. Devel. Group for Mentally Handicapped) v. 35 This next step may be to one or a combination of service options, including bridging courses into further education.

2018 Kalgoorlie (W. Austral.) Miner (Nexis) 10 Nov. 24 A six-month stay in Perth doing a university bridging course to start her tertiary education was cut short.

bridging loan n. Finance a short-term loan intended to cover a temporary deficit, until the borrower receives funds from a longer-term financial arrangement or forthcoming property sale; cf. bridge loan at bridge n.¹ Compounds 2.Bridge loan is the more common term in North American use.

ΚΠ

1957 Financial Times 24 Sept. 13 (advt.) Company bids, etc., bridging loans and similar matters will be entertained.

1995 Independent (Nexis) 6 Sept. 2 The couple took out a short-term bridging loan and with it bought a third house in Henley-on-Thames.

2002 Jrnl. Peace Res. 39 242/1 The USA and Japan provided a bridging loan that allowed Peru to pay its arrears to the IMF and World Bank.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹a1425

n.²1733

adj.1862

单词	bridging
释义	† bridgingn.¹ Forms: late Middle English breggyng, late Middle English breging, late Middle English bregynge, 1500s brydgyng. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: abridging n. Etymology: Aphetic < abridging n. Compare earlier bridge v.² and bridger n.² Obsolete. The action of abridging or shortening something; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > summarizing or abridging bridginga1425 breviation1509 abbreviating1548 abridgement1579 contracting1585 curtailing1586 contraction1655 condensation1798 curtailment1799 epitomization1805 summarizing1808 entailment1822 boiling1898 predigestion1904 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. x. 23 The Lord God of oostis schal make an endyng and a breggyng [E.V. a1382 Douce 369(1) abreggyng; L. abbreviationem] in the myddis of al erthe. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 57 (MED) Þu gloris in þe lawe, wnworscippist God be breging of þe lawe. 1542 Glasse for Housholders sig. giii Paye them truely theyr wages without dilacion or brydgyng. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bridgingn.² Brit. /ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bridge n.¹, bridge v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Partly (originally) < bridge n.¹+ -ing suffix¹, and partly (especially in senses 4 and 5) < bridge v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.With sense 1b compare later bridge v.¹ II. 1. Building. a. In a wide floor requiring two layers of joists: each of the joists resting on the binding joists and supporting the floorboards; = bridging joist n. at Compounds. Usually in plural. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > joist > types of bridge1420 trimming-joist?1677 binding-joist1679 bridging1733 bridging joist1733 bay1823 trimming-piece1833 trimmed joist1876 RSJ1940 tail-joist- 1733 J. Smith Carpenters Compan. 14 The Bridgings..lye a-cross the binding Joysts, and are pinned down to them with Pins of Wood, or Spikes of Iron. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 974 Floor Joists are those which support the boards of the floor; but when the floor consists of binding and bridging joists, the bridgings are never called floor joists. 1991 Architects' Jrnl. 17 July 48/2 Not enough is known about the..binders and bridgings [in double floors] to offer any general guidance about their strength. b. In plural: braces or struts fitted between joists, beams, or other supports, esp. in a floor. Also in singular: such braces or struts collectively. Cf. bridging piece n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > other specific parts panel1498 pane1582 well-curb1665 through-work1686 gathering1703 dripping1735 sweep1766 bridging1774 accouplement1823 sweep-work1847 1774 T. Skaife Key Civil Archit. xvi. 93 If there is any great weight to be sustained, bridgings of timber should be framed to discharge the weight from the crown of the arch. 1868 Sloan's Archit. Rev. Dec. 406/1 The oak bridging will thus bind the piles longitudinally and vertically. 1923 Sci. Amer. Aug. 81/3 (caption) Note the heavy joists connected by bridging which makes for rigidity and distributes weight evenly. 1993 W. P. Spence Resid. Framing vi. 114/1 Bridging is usually required when the ratio of joist depth to thickness is six to one or greater. 2. a. The action of building, forming, or providing with, a bridge (esp. in sense 1). Also: an instance of this.In quot. 1736 with reference to the upper, bony part of the nose (see bridge n.¹ 10a). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > [noun] > and connecting bridging1736 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > building or repair of bridges > spanning with bridge bridging1736 1736 ‘T. Bridgeabout’ Rinology 6 None..better knows the Art of Bridging. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 252 The bridging of the sacred Hellespont. 1922 Iowa State Highway Comm. Service Bull. Feb. 3/2 The grading, draining and bridging of the primary roads from Corning west to the Montgomery County line has been completed. 1965 Sci. News Let. 18 Sept. 185/2 A benign growth..was found on the man's hard palate.., making considerable dental work necessary before the dentist could proceed with the bridging of the front teeth. 2005 P. Whitfield Cities of World 81 The great event in Edinburgh's architectural history was the draining of this loch, and the bridging of the resulting valley in 1772. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Reduction of a notional gap, division, or distance; the action of making a difference, difficulty, etc., smaller or less significant, or of reconciling disparate things or groups. ΚΠ 1871 Amer. Ann. Deaf & Dumb July 160 The bridging of the chasm, which, in previous ages, had separated this class of unfortunates from the rest of their race. 1903 Recreation Apr. 252/1 I might behold the bridging of the distance between despair and joy as pictured on the human face. 2017 J. Beaman Citizen Outsider iv. 78 The bridging of different cultural worlds by African Americans through code-switching and behavior-switching. 3. The structure or component parts of a bridge or bridges, considered collectively. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > that which is built or constructed > [noun] > bridges bridging1832 1832 Rep. Michigan Road Commissioner in Jrnl. House of Representatives Indiana (17th Sess.) App. A. 2 The construction of 390 feet of puncheon bridging, 150 feet of frame bridging. 1884 H. W. Clarke in Pall Mall Gaz. 5 May 2/2 This sum included—ballast, heavy bridging, station buildings. 1971 P. Berton Last Spike iii. iii. 108 Every sliver of bridging had to be brought from Rat Portage, one hundred and forty miles east of Winnipeg, or from Minnesota. 2004 Conservation Action (N.Z. Dept. of Conservation) July 30/3 The upgraded track features several sections of bridging and boardwalking over wetlands and bogs, allowing visitors to stay dry-footed while enjoying the experience. 4. Cards. The action or practice of bending a card so that it forms a slight curve or arch, in order to mark it or to make it stand out when the deck is cut; (now esp.) the action of bridging the interleaved parts of a deck of cards in a bridge shuffle (see bridge shuffle n. at bridge n.¹ Compounds 4). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card-sharping or cheating > [noun] > methods of palm1664 high game1665 palming1671 slick1674 brief1680 gammoning1700 shoulder-dash1711 bridge1773 weaving1803 bridging1843 palmistry1859 slipping1864 stocking1887 big mitt1903 1843 G. D. W. Reynolds Sequel to Don Juan 113 ‘Bridging’ is now so well known, that few ‘Greeks’ (sharpers) ever have recourse to it; but fifty years ago the practice was only understood by a small number of persons. 1879 Sporting Exam. 19 Aug. 262 By slightly bending a card—termed bridging—he could force, as it were, his opponent in the game to ‘cut’ the cards wherever he wished. 1921 T. N. Downs Art of Magic (ed. 2) 133 The ‘bridging’ should be done at the end instead of the side, and is performed in the act of cutting. 2011 @mattjames_games 22 Mar. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Pile shuffle and gravity riffle the cards. Side shuffle if you must. No bridging. 5. In rock climbing, mountaineering, etc.: the action or technique of climbing a chimney or similar cleft in a rock face by stretching the body across it, applying pressure with the hands and feet on the opposing surfaces; a climbing position used in this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > techniques ice work1856 abseil1923 rappel1931 bridging1941 prusik1972 bridge1986 rap jumping1992 crimp1994 1941 C. F. Kirkus Let's go Climbing! iv. 56 You are now standing astride the chimney..left hand and foot on the left wall and the right hand and foot on the right wall. You can now climb straight up in the more natural position. This is known as bridging. 1988 Climber June 32/1 All becomes clear..when I touch rock, for an unnerving lack of handholds requires a delicate combination of bridging on friction and laybacking on rounded edges. 2013 J. White Indoor Climbing Man. vii. 113/1 The best and easiest resting positions involve bridging—pushing the feet in opposition to each other, usually in a corner—to support your weight without the use of handholds. Compounds bridging floor n. Building (now historical) a floor in which bridging joists are employed, esp. a wide floor requiring the bridging joists to be supported by one or more binding joists. ΚΠ 1733 F. Price Treat. Carpentry p. ii In Bridging-Floors, do not place your Binding or Strong-Joists above four or five Feet apart. 1774 T. Skaife Key Civil Archit. lvi. 210 Surveyors allow about the same for those [sc. common naked floors] as the bridging floors; because the quantity of materials run near the same. 1989 D. Yeomans in H. Hobhouse & A. Saunders Good & Proper Materials 39/2 Two kinds of floor were used, one simply having common joists and girders while for better quality work a bridging floor was used. bridging joist n. Building (now rare) (in a wide floor requiring two layers of joists) each of the joists resting transversely on the larger binding joists below and supporting the floorboards above (now historical); (also more generally, regardless of the type of floor) each of the joists which directly supports the floorboards. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > joist > types of bridge1420 trimming-joist?1677 binding-joist1679 bridging1733 bridging joist1733 bay1823 trimming-piece1833 trimmed joist1876 RSJ1940 tail-joist- 1733 F. Price Treat. Carpentry 8 These deep Joists, as well as Bridging Joists, are so prepared as to be put in the Cieling Joists. 1875 Notes Building Constr. I. v. 84 Double Floors.—In these the bridging joists, instead of spanning the whole distance from wall to wall, are supported by intermediate balks called Binders (or ‘Binding Joists’). 1976 East & West 26 198 As the bridging joist covers only one bay, the two-bay system produced an alternate bearing of bridging joists. bridging piece n. (a) (Building) a piece of wood or metal fitted between two beams, rafters, etc., esp. a brace between two floor joists; (b) (more generally) something that serves to connect or act as a bridge between two things (literal and figurative). ΚΠ 1825 R. Elsam Pract. Builder's Perpetual Price-bk. 67 The pieces of wood, so described, called bridging-pieces, are boarded over with ¾-inch, 1-inch, or 1¼-inch, rough deal, and subsequently covered with lead. 1990 Advertiser (Nexis) 19 Sept. Tony Bishop's sculpture..seems to be a bridging piece between pop and minimalism. 2008 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 26 Apr. (Mag.) 18 My bottom plate goes straight on the floor, the top onto bridging pieces nailed between the ceiling joists. bridging shot n. Cinematography a shot inserted to show a change in time, place, etc., between two scenes, for instance showing the pages of a calendar turning, or a train in motion. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of long shot1858 glass shot1908 close-up1913 aerial shot1920 angle shot1922 medium shot1925 far-away1926 travelling shot1927 zoom1930 zoom shot1930 process shot1931 close-medium shot1933 medium close-up1933 reverse angle1933 reverse shot1934 three-shot1934 tilt shot1934 medium-close shot1937 reaction shot1937 tracking shot1940 pan shot1941 stock shot1941 Dutch angle1947 cheat shot1948 establishing shot1948 master-scene1948 trucking shot1948 two-shot1949 bridging shot1951 body shot1952 library shot1953 master shot1953 mid shot1953 MS1953 pullback1957 MCU1959 noddy1982 arc shot1989 pop shot1993 1951 Sponsor 4 June 64/3 Bridging shot. Shot inserted in the editing of a scene to cover a jump in time or other break in continuity. 1961 Jrnl. Soc. Cinematologists 1 27 ‘The bridging shot’ sounds like a transplantation from radio. 2016 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 24 Dec. 31 Ozu's influence is all over this domestic drama, with its constant scenes of eating and drinking and its bridging shots of trains or the sea. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bridgingadj. Brit. /ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbrɪdʒɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bridge v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < bridge v.¹ + -ing suffix². With sense 2 compare earlier bridging n.² 2 and bridge-building n. 1. a. That reduces or closes a notional gap; intermediate or transitional between two things in time, character, etc. ΚΠ 1862 G. Rorison in Replies Ess. & Rev. v. 325 There is no bridging brain between [that of an ape and that of man]. 1930 Times 2 Jan. 13/6 The provision of a short..bridging period between the university and business life. 1998 Business Rev. Weekly 22 June . 76 A camera/film system developed..as a bridging technology between conventional 35-millimetre photography and digital imaging. 2017 D. Henson in G. Moshenska Key Concepts Public Archaeol. (e-book, accessed 10 Oct. 2018) iv. 44 Archaeology is a bridging discipline between past and present. b. That forms or functions as a physical bridge between two things; that physically joins or connects two things. ΚΠ 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxxiv. 331 The bridging bough was detected, and a volunteer started up the tree that furnished the bridge. 1988 DIY Today Apr. 54/3 Put bedside cabinets either side of the bed and carry straight on with a bridging unit fitted high over the bed. 2011 L. F. Czervionke in L. F. Czervionke & D. S. Fenton Imaging Painful Spine Disorders xvii. 125/2 Five transverse and obliquely oriented fibers..join the larger concentric, vertically-oriented lamellae. These tiny bridging fibers are not visible between the inner lamellae. 2. Of a person of group: that constructs, or is employed to construct, a bridge or bridges.Some examples may be interpreted as attributive uses of bridging n.² 2a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [adjective] > building bridges pontifical1667 bridging1891 1891 Daily News 26 May 3/7 The bridging battalion of Royal Engineers. 1947 Geogr. Jrnl. 109 183 Two small timber bridges, built by the bridging party over small rivers, were crossed without difficulty. 2016 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 17 Nov. Around 11 crews, or 40 people, were working on roads, and engineers and NZTA bridging teams were completing inspections of local bridges. 3. Designating a species of plant that (supposedly) is able to transmit a parasitic fungus to another species of plant which is usually incapable of being infected with that fungus; esp. as bridging host, bridging species, etc. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > parasite plant > host plant nurse-plant1857 nurse-tree1857 bridging host1904 bridging species1904 1904 H. M. Ward in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 196 34 A certain species of grass (A) may be capable of infection by means of spores from two other host-plants (B and C), neither of which is predisposed to reciprocal infection, though both may be infected from such a ‘bridging’ species (A) as is referred to above. 1905 Jrnl. Mycol. 11 54 Puccinia Helianthi Schw. is a single species, having many races, for which H. annuus acts as a bridging host. 1924 Arkiv för Botanik No. 2 22 It was established, that Peridermium Pini can spread directly from pine to pine, without any bridging plant. 1979 C. E. Yarwood in Adv. in Virus Res. 25 186 In some cases the normal limits of host range may be breached by bridging hosts.., though the phenomenon of bridging species is commonly discredited. 2001 Plant Dis. 85 809/3 The bridging host theory was refuted by E. C. Stakman et al. 4. Chemistry. Of a group, atom, bond, etc.: connecting two molecules, or two parts of a molecule or complex structure. Cf. bridge v.¹ 9. ΚΠ 1920 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 117 ii. 1646 The bridging groups NO₂ and NH₂..are now similarly associated with each of the two cobalt atoms. 1991 New Scientist 12 Oct. 48/1 The boron atom at the apex of the pyramidal cage is removed and replaced with two bridging hydrogen atoms to give a double-decker molecule. 2004 Nature 5 Feb. 498/2 When the diazenido derivative is heated, hydrogen is lost and the central bridging N₂H₂ moiety is rearranged. 5. Finance. Designating money loaned or borrowed to cover a short-term financial deficit, esp. in an interval between two transactions; relating to or involving such money. See also bridging loan n. at Compounds.Bridge is the more common term in North American use (see bridge n.¹ Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [adjective] > types of loan self-liquidating1851 non-recourse1905 bridging1930 tied1958 underwater1975 sovereign1977 single currency1978 roll-up1983 self-certified1989 sub-sovereign1991 subprime1993 1930 Financial Times 14 Oct. 5/7 In the current year a large portion of the existing floating debt had been repaid, but the fresh expenses and the decrease in tax payments resulting from the bad trade prospects necessitates a 'bridging' credit. 1983 Times 12 Oct. 21/8 A big bridging operation by Western governments..looks unlikely. 1991 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Nov. 1121/1 Additional resources..should include bridging funds to enable new areas of work to begin in advance of resources being released from activities that will no longer be necessary. 2018 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Sept. (Property section) 2 To avoid the stress of bridging finance we had to sell our home before we bought elsewhere. Compounds bridging course n. a short intensive learning programme designed to help students gain skills or knowledge needed for further or higher education (esp. students who otherwise might not meet the usual entry requirements for a specific degree course). ΚΠ 1967 Theory into Pract. 6 225/1 Bridging courses would also be organized around the courses in research method. 1977 P. Mittler Day Services for Mentally Handicapped Adults (Nat. Devel. Group for Mentally Handicapped) v. 35 This next step may be to one or a combination of service options, including bridging courses into further education. 2018 Kalgoorlie (W. Austral.) Miner (Nexis) 10 Nov. 24 A six-month stay in Perth doing a university bridging course to start her tertiary education was cut short. bridging loan n. Finance a short-term loan intended to cover a temporary deficit, until the borrower receives funds from a longer-term financial arrangement or forthcoming property sale; cf. bridge loan at bridge n.¹ Compounds 2.Bridge loan is the more common term in North American use. ΚΠ 1957 Financial Times 24 Sept. 13 (advt.) Company bids, etc., bridging loans and similar matters will be entertained. 1995 Independent (Nexis) 6 Sept. 2 The couple took out a short-term bridging loan and with it bought a third house in Henley-on-Thames. 2002 Jrnl. Peace Res. 39 242/1 The USA and Japan provided a bridging loan that allowed Peru to pay its arrears to the IMF and World Bank. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹a1425n.²1733adj.1862
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† bridgingn.1

bridgingn.2

Compounds

bridgingadj.

Compounds

† bridgingn.¹

bridgingn.²