| 单词 | to fall off |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto fall off to fall off 1. intransitive. To come loose or become detached and drop off. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > become detached [verb (intransitive)] > fall off or out to fall offeOE fallOE to fall awayc1300 to fall forth1560 absciss1918 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxv. 86 Eft ymb þreo niht smire mid hunige þæt þy þe raþor sio hryfing of fealle. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xxxii. sig. Hviii The wax..beganne to melte and the feders to falle of. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms i. 3 His leeues shal not fall off. 1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 51 Put thy sacchell over thy arme, that it fall not of. 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xii. 7 His chaines fell off from his hands. View more context for this quotation 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 131 The skin cleaves and at length falls off. 1711 Direct. Sowing & Preparing of Flax (Linen & Hempen Manuf. Ireland) 6 The Stalks of the Flax turn Yellow, the Seed Brown, and the Leaves wither and fall off. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 354 The old long hair falling off, and a shorter coat of hair appearing in its room. 1824 Med. Adviser 1 383/2 Her feet rotted, and both fell off at the ancle joints. 1858 E. B. Lee Parthenia xxvi. 230 A lovely infant, clothed only with a little shirt, one sleeve of which had fallen off. 1917 S. Lewis in Sat. Evening Post 28 July 35/2 Her hat fell off and her hair was a little disordered. 1971 D. Conover One Man's Island 23 The right fender fell off and rolled into a ditch. 2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 16 Feb. 20 The scabs from her wounds are only now beginning to fall off. 2. intransitive. To abandon, desert, or become estranged from someone; to withdraw one's support or allegiance (from). Cf. to fall away 2b at Phrasal verbs 1. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > quarrel or falling out > quarrel or fall at variance [verb (intransitive)] varyc1450 quarrel1530 square1530 to fall offa1535 breach1573 snarl1593 snarl1597 breaka1616 to break offa1645 to cast out1730 to get wrong1803 split1835 split1843 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (intransitive)] arisec825 onriseOE rise?a1160 stirc1275 inrisea1300 upstanda1300 again-risea1382 rebela1382 raisea1400 insurge1532 to fall offa1535 revolt1548 to rise in arms1563 tumult1570 tumultuatea1734 insurrect1821 insurrectionize1841 to break into rebellion1876 a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 58/2 Whose harte she perceiued more firmely set, then to fall of for a worde. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 93 Reuolted Mortimer: He neuer did fall off . View more context for this quotation 1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. ii. vi. 151 Like as those which purposed loue, when they fall off, call for their tokens backe againe. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 30 What cause Mov'd our Grand Parents..to fall off From their Creator. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 179. ¶1 Were I always Grave, one half of my Readers would fall off from me. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 138 The Duke of Saxony fell off, and fought against them. 1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster III. 220 As her income diminished, so did her acquaintances fall off. 1888 B. W. Richardson Son of Star III. xiv. 254 He sees the..people falling off from the king. 1901 W. H. Wilkins Caroline the Illustrious II. iii. viii. 196 Thus matters went on.., majorities in Parliament getting smaller and smaller, supporters falling off one by one. 2007 K. A. Cairns Enigma Woman xiii. 224 With her old friends falling off, she might have made new ones at the prison, but she did not. 3. intransitive. Nautical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > drop away from direct course to fall off1569 yaw1584 sag1633 bag1836 to break off1867 1569 B. Googe Shippe of Safegarde sig. B.vij Therfore who sayleth nere this lothsome place, Fall off betimes and keepe another way. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 64 The Prince..fell off with a contrary wind to Fermentera. 1892 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 9 555 The vessel fell off from her course. b. Of a ship or boat: to change direction so as to point away from the wind; to turn to leeward; spec. (esp. in early use) to fail to stay on course close to the wind.Also with the sailor, or the bow of the ship, as subject. N.E.D. (1894) noted a rare transitive use with the related sense ‘To let (a vessel) veer from the wind’, but no evidence of this use has been found. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > fall off to leeward to fall offc1625 to pay away1625 pay1667 to pay off1801 to pay round1825 society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > deviate from to fall off1841 c1625 Treat. Rigging in W. Salisbury & R. C. Anderson Treat. Shipbuilding & Treat. Rigging (1958) 47 When a ship will not keepe her winde and that her head falles off. 1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 2 The Steeres-man..suffers the Ship to fall-off from the wind. 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 22 She would fall off 2 or 3 Points from the Wind. 1729 J. Collier Compend. Artis Nauticæ 3 Her Head will sometimes come up to 5 Points of the Wind, and fall off to about 8 from it. 1796 R. H. Gower Treat. Theory & Pract. Seamanship (ed. 2) ii. 62 The hauling the tow-line on board will cause both ships to fall off from the wind. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. xii. 74 Let her have a plenty of helm, to come to and fall off freely with the sea. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xvi. 71 The helm was put over and the yacht's head fell off. 1962 A. Brown Invitation to Sailing vii. 111 When you find yourself on top of a wave, fall off a bit to leeward. 1996 S. Colgate Fund. Sailing, Cruising & Racing (new ed.) ii. i. 127 If she starts to fall off, put her in forward gear and kick her into the wind again. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > separate or part company to fall off1577 to lose company1578 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1476/1 The whole ship..was set on fyer, and so both the Carrike & the Regent being crappled togyther, so as they coulde not fall off, were bothe consumed by fier. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 20 Starboard give not fire until he fall off. 1795 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 13 As the Ship fell off, [I] gave her our whole broadside. 5. intransitive. To move or step back or aside; to retreat, withdraw (literal and figurative). Later esp.: to become separated from a group or crowd. Now rare.In quot. 1649: to renege on an agreement; cf. sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat withdraw1297 recoilc1330 give place1382 arrear1399 to draw backa1400 resortc1425 adrawc1450 recedec1450 retraya1470 returna1470 rebut1481 wyke1481 umbedrawc1485 retreata1500 retract1535 retire1542 to give back1548 regress1552 to fall back?1567 peak1576 flinch1578 to fall offa1586 to draw off1602 to give ground1607 retrograde1613 to train off1796 to beat a retreat1861 to back off1938 the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > make revocation [verb (intransitive)] revokec1400 to call off1620 unvote1647 to fall off1710 obnounce1741 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Gg2v Dorus fell off from the matter againe, as if he had meant no such thing. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 39 Cause them vpon another sound of the drumme, to fall of, or backe againe into their former places. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 66 The..Lords, and Ladies, hauing brought the Queene To a prepar'd place..fell off A distance from her. View more context for this quotation a1640 P. Massinger Bashful Lover ii. ii. 40 in 3 New Playes (1655) Sweet Youth, fall off. 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions i. vi. 58 You have just reason..to fall off from the bargaine. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 247. ⁋5 When you had consented to his Offer, if he fell off, you would call him a Cheat. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. l. 300 They fell off one by one..the street was left to solitude. 1860 Morning Chron. 21 July 8/4 The third pair gradually fell off, till the two leading boats had it all their own way. 2011 Hume Weekly (Austral.) (Nexis) 15 Nov. 18 Once I fell off from the pack I spent the whole race chasing them. 6. intransitive. a. To decrease in number, amount, intensity, or degree; to diminish.In quot. 1684: to diminish to nothing, to be eliminated. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] > decline or fall off afalleOE swindOE slakec1315 pairc1390 fade1398 to fall awayc1510 decline1530 to fall off1608 sink1613 recess1641 fail1819 lighten1827 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end losec888 fallOE forlesea1225 perishc1275 spilla1300 to go to wreche13.. to go to the gatec1330 to go to lostc1374 miscarryc1387 quenchc1390 to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400 mischieve?a1400 tinea1400 to go to the devilc1405 bursta1450 untwindc1460 to make shipwreck1526 to go to (the) pot1531 to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547 wrake1570 wracka1586 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 to lie in the dusta1591 mischief1598 to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599 shipwreck1607 suffera1616 unravel1643 to fall off1684 tip (over) the perch1699 to do away with1769 to go to the dickens1833 collapse1838 to come (also go) a mucker1851 mucker1862 to go up1864 to go to squash1889 to go (to) stramash1910 to go for a burton1941 to meet one's Makera1978 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ii. 107 Loue cooles, friendship fals off, brothers diuide. View more context for this quotation 1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 202 Who does not see that Frauds..would all fall off? 1692 E. Settle Notorious Imposter 2 Business began to fall off: His many Rambles from home, soon made his Practice flag. 1749 Acct. Voy. for Discov. North-west Passage II. 31 It was the Season of the Year for the Tides to fall off. 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 271 Towards evening..the breeze began to fall off. 1833 T. B. Macaulay Life & Lett. (1883) I. 304 The publishers..tell him that the sale is falling off. 1890 Longman's Mag. July 241 The demand for porcelain had much fallen off. 1914 W. Owen Let. 14 Oct. (1967) 287 If pupils fall off I shall be obliged to pack off sooner! 1986 D. Carey Battlestations! iii. 34 The tourist trade had fallen off to a trickle. 2000 Financial Times 29 Mar. 37/1 I don't think anyone expects spending to fall off anytime soon. b. To deteriorate in health or physical strength; (of health) to deteriorate. In later use chiefly: to lose weight (either intentionally or as a result of illness). Cf. to fall away 5b at Phrasal verbs 1. Now U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > slim [verb (intransitive)] > thin leanc897 relank1545 emaciate1646 to fall off1710 excarnate1735 skeletonize1831 thin1870 skinny1939 1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 148 Many great Families are insensibly fallen off from the Athletick Constitution of their Progenitors, and are dwindled away into a pale, sickly, Spindle-Legged, Generation of Valetudinarians. 1802 T. Beddoes Hygëia II. vii. 38 The patient fell off in flesh. 1871 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Nov. 547/2 He then began to fall off; and, at the age of fifteen, his health had suffered very seriously, and he became wan and extremely wasted. 1890 G. Gissing Emancipated II. i. xiii. 100 Her..health began to fall off. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 39/1 Fall off,..to waste away... ‘T'fooal's fallen off sin t'meer's bin short o' gess this dthrowtty taam.’ 1950 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 14 28 [S. Carolina.] Fall off,..to lose weight. There is no necessary connotation of bad health. ‘She has fallen off some, and looks much better.’ 1979–80 Verbatim Winter 14/1 Erma your dress is loose. Did you fall off a little? c. To decline in quality. ΚΠ 1796 Express & Evening Chron. 2 Apr. The play fell off in the two last acts. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxvii. 275 ‘We have fallen off deplorably,’ said Mr. Carker. 1876 Newtonian Feb. 57 Davidson fell off terribly in the second game, and allowed his opponent to win easily. 1924 P. G. Wodehouse Let. 4 Feb. in Yours, Plum (1990) i. 36 [He] has fallen off badly lately. He has lost all his comedy and is now just a fat slob. 1949 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 May 259/1 The narrative falls off a little in its closing stages. 2013 USA Today (Nexis) 10 Apr. 1 a Considering the off-the-course turmoil.., Azinger wasn't surprised to see Woods' game fall off and his mental strength on the golf course diminish. 7. intransitive. Of a coastline: to recede. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [verb (intransitive)] > recede (of coastline) to fall off1719 to fall back1772 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 14 The Shore falls off to the Westward towards Cromer. 1744 A. Dobbs Remarks upon Capt. Middleton's Def. 89 As they sail along northerly or westerly, if the Coast falls off, as it is expected, they must observe to look out for a Creek or Harbour. 1835 Penny Cycl. III. 29/1 As the shore south of this cape falls off to the west, the current is at a greater distance. 1966 C. O. Sauer Early Spanish Man vi. 140 The easting course was maintained until the coast fell off southward beyond the Archipelago de las Mulatas. 1975 J. Clavell Shōgun xviii. 194 Below them were the sleeping city and harbor and islands, Awaji to the west, the coastline falling off to the east. 8. intransitive. To fall asleep. Cf. to drop off 3 at drop v. Phrasal verbs. a. With complement, as to fall off to sleep, to fall off asleep, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > go to sleep or fall asleep to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE to fall overa1752 to go off1813 to drop off1820 to fall off1822 to get off to sleep1837 to fall off1862 tope1863 sleepy-baw1907 to go out1928 to zizz off1962 1822 Times 5 Nov. 3/4 She was still very drowsy, and fell off to sleep about ten o'clock. 1829 J. Shipp Mem. Mil. Career I. viii. 138 Thus gazing, I fell off to sleep. 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. July 422/1 The drunkards fell off asleep. 1909 E. R. Roe Rum & Ruin xi. 95 Being..accustomed to drop asleep whenever and wherever he had an opportunity, he soon fell off into slumber. 1967 J. B. Keane Lett. of Successful TD viii, in Celebrated Lett. (1996) 61 When he fell off into a sleep, Mr and Mrs Kettleton took him upstairs and put him into bed. 2007 Irish Times 19 Feb. 2/2 It was close to 2am when I was just falling off to sleep. b. Without complement. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > go to sleep or fall asleep to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE to fall overa1752 to go off1813 to drop off1820 to fall off1822 to get off to sleep1837 to fall off1862 tope1863 sleepy-baw1907 to go out1928 to zizz off1962 1862 Amer. Homœopathic Rev. Aug. 81 The patient is roused with difficulty, and then immediately falls off again. 1873 Standard 2 Apr. The next time I fell off I enjoyed a genuine sleep. 1910 V. Brown Glory & Abyss xi. 69 Mind you pretend to be asleep when father comes in, and he'll soon fall off. 1992 R. Price Blue Calhoun iii. 65 I kissed Myra good night and lay flat beside her, touching her arm, till she fell off. 2015 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 Jan. 5 Sufferers go to bed earlier and earlier to make sure they get enough sleep, but then they often aren't tired enough to fall off properly. to fall off —— to fall off —— 1. intransitive. Nautical. Of a ship or boat: to deviate from (its course). Cf. to fall off 3b at Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ 1609 C. Edmondes tr. Caesar Comm. Civill Warres iii. xxxviii. 217 in Obseruations Caesars Comm. (new ed.) What shippes soeuer had fallen off their course, either by tempest or errour, were there robbed by those Egyptians. 1839 T. Beale Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 316 [He] called out..for the helmsman to..allow the ship to fall off her course. 1891 Minutes National Woman's Christian Temperance Union 18th Ann. Meeting 125 The ship fell off her track. The captain was alarmed. 1908 Railway & Marine World Sept. 679/2 She was not kept on her course as proper seamanship would dictate,..but from the evidence, was allowed to fall off her course. 1978 Boating Aug. 84/2 Most other autopilots on the market are of the non-hunting type, reacting only when the boat falls off her heading more than a certain amount. 2012 H. Howard Mr. & Mrs. Madison's War i. ii. 85 Her headsails damaged, her sailing master dead and helm shattered by a cannon shot, she fell off her course and into the path of the Shannon. 2. intransitive. To lose appetite for (one's food). Cf. off one's food at off prep. 7b.In early use usually of an animal. ΚΠ 1678 J. Ray in tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. 201 Skin, fat, and Sinews, or strings..will be apt to stick in their Throats, or twine about their Tongues, and cause them to fall off their meat. 1745 C. Mortimer in Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 553 As soon as a Cow falls off her Meat, give her another Dose. 1855 ‘G. Forrest’ Every Boy's Bk. 243 When they [sc. robins] fall off their food, a few hog-lice may be put into their cage, which they will greedily devour. 1889 Live Stock Jrnl. 15 Feb. 149/1 Three weeks back she fell off her meat, being very dull, ears and legs cold. 1909 Rep. Comm. of Inq. Liquor Trade in Southern Nigeria Pt. II. 148/2 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4907) LX. 519 The other [man] gradually fell off his meat and was practically kept alive for weeks on nothing but gin. 2006 ‘C. J. Cherryh’ Fortress of Ice 6 Aewyn..had nevertheless fallen off his food, pushed items about on his plate. to fall off a. In the way of abatement, diminution, disappearance, or decay, etc.; as in to fall off, cool off, go off, wear off, etc. ΚΠ 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ii. 107 Loue cooles, friendship fals off, brothers diuide. View more context for this quotation 1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 121 Judgment was stayed and the Costes taken off. 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 501 Out of every thousand men, 28 die off annually. 1826 Examiner 695/1 The novelty had gone off a little. 1862 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. i. ii. 41 They'll cool off when they come to understand. 1893 National Observer 7 Oct. 536/1 The place seemed to have gone off a good deal. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers i. 16 But although he was very steady at work, his wages fell off. 1964 I. Murdoch Italian Girl i. v. 67 The first shock seemed now to have worn off, the horror was dulled. 1989 Independent 30 Nov. 4 The steep increase in infections which we saw in 1988 has plateaued off. 2001 Total DVD Feb. 127/2 The galaxy of extras on the disc makes it worth checking out, even if the novelty of the movie itself has worn off. < as lemmas |
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