| 单词 | to cut down |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto cut down to cut down 1. transitive. To cut so as to bring or throw down; cause to fall by cutting; to fell. ΘΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > lack of height > make low(er) [verb (transitive)] > by cutting (down) to cut down1382 sink1526 razee1815 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cut down hewc1000 to cut down1382 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Matt. iii. 10 Euery tree..shal be kitt [a1425 L.V. kit] doun. a1400–50 Alexander 2850 To cutte down..Bowis of buskis and of braunches. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xxi. 8 Other cut doune braunches from the trees. 1611 Bible (King James) Deut. vii. 5 Ye shall destroy their altars..and cut downe their groues. View more context for this quotation 1784 Gentleman's Mag. 54 ii. 643 A hill contiguous is cutting down. 1884 J. Hatton H. Irving's Impress. Amer. II. v. 86 A ship laden with corn was cut down and sunk by floating ice. 1952 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VI. 174/1 As the old trees are cut down, seedlings spring up naturally to replace them. 2. To let fall or take down (the body of one who has been hanged) by cutting the rope. ΘΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > hang [verb (transitive)] > take down body or undo hanging to cut downa1549 ungibbet1747 unhang1829 a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxxii. 203 Whosoeuer that is hanged by-yonde see, shall neuer be cutte nor pulled downe. 1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 2152/2 He being hanged till he was halfe dead, was cut downe and stripped. 1883 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. 1603–42 I. vii. 282 The King having given orders that he should not be cut down until he was dead. 3. To lay low or kill with the sword or the like. ΘΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by stabbing or cutting snithec725 ofstingeOE stickOE to sting to death13.. to put (do) to the sword1338 throata1382 to strike dead, to (the) deathc1390 hewc1400 stab1530 to stab (a person) in1530 poniard1593 stiletto1613 jugulate1623 kris1625 dagger1694 pike1787 to cut down1821 sword1863 1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus ii. i. 52 Soldiers, hew down the rebel!.. Cut him down. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §7. 154 The Welsh..were cut ruthlessly down in the cornfields. ΚΠ ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 142 That the magistrates and rulers may..cut downe this wicked vice, that it may be no more vsed. 5. To take the lead of decisively in a race or run; to surpass, get the better of. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] overstyeOE overshinec1175 overgoc1225 passc1225 surmountc1369 forpassc1374 overmatcha1375 overpassa1382 to pass overa1393 overcomec1400 outpass?a1425 exceedc1425 precedec1425 superexcelc1429 transcendc1430 precel?a1439 outcut1447 overgrowc1475 to come over ——a1479 excel1493 overleapa1500 vanquish1533 outweigh1534 prevent1540 better1548 preferc1550 outgo1553 surpassa1555 exsuperate1559 cote1566 overtop1567 outrun1575 outstrip1579 outsail1580 overruna1586 pre-excel1587 outbid1589 outbrave1589 out-cote1589 top1590 outmatch1593 outvie1594 superate1595 surbravec1600 oversile1608 over-height1611 overstride1614 outdoa1616 outlustrea1616 outpeera1616 outstrikea1616 outrival1622 antecede1624 out-top1624 antecell1625 out-pitch1627 over-merit1629 outblazea1634 surmatch1636 overdoa1640 overact1643 outact1644 worst1646 overspana1657 outsoar1674 outdazzle1691 to cut down1713 ding1724 to cut out1738 cap1821 by-pass1848 overtower1850 pretergress1851 outray1876 outreach1879 cut1884 outperform1937 outrate1955 one-up1963 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] overcomeeOE forecomec1000 overwieldlOE masterc1225 overmaistrie1340 overmatcha1375 overpassa1382 surmount1390 to have the fairer (of)c1400 maistriec1400 overmasterc1425 winc1440 overc1485 bestride1526 rixlec1540 overreach1555 control1567 overmate1567 govern1593 to give (a person) the lurch1598 get1600 to gain cope of1614 top1633 to fetch overa1640 down1641 to have the whip hand (of)1680 carberry1692 to cut down1713 to be more than a match for1762 outflank1773 outmaster1799 outgeneral1831 weather1834 best1839 fore-reach1845 to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849 scoop1850 euchrec1866 bemaster1871 negotiate1888 to do down1900 to get (someone) wetc1926 lick1946 1713 J. Addison Trial of Ct. Tariff So great is his Natural Eloquence, that he cuts down the finest Orater, and destroys the best-contriv'd Argument. a1864 R. S. Surtees Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (1911) 156 (Illustration) Captain Spurrier ‘cut down’ by Romford. 6. Nautical. (See quot. 1769.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > modify settlea1625 to cut down1769 razee1818 convert1862 jumboize1956 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Raser un vaisseau To cut down a ship, or take off part of her upper-works..in order to lighten her, when she becomes weak. 1805 Naval Chron. 13 174 The..Indiaman..had been cut down. 7. To reduce, abridge, retrench, curtail, esp. a speech, expenses, wages. Also intransitive, frequently with on. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail wanea889 dockc1380 bridgec1384 abridgea1393 limita1398 syncopec1412 defalk1475 shortena1535 to cut short?1542 royn1573 retrench1587 curtail1589 retranch1589 lop1594 scantle1596 scant1599 scantelize1611 curtalize1622 defalce1651 detrench1655 barb1657 defalcatea1690 razee1815 detruncate1846 to cut down1857 shave1898 the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > economize in economize1785 to cut down1857 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > reduce expenditure retrench1626 to cut down1857 to cut back1943 trim1966 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)] abrevya1325 comprehendc1369 abridgec1384 shorta1390 suma1398 abbreviate?a1475 shorten1530 to cut short?1542 curtail1553 to knit up1553 to wind up1583 clip1598 epitomize1599 brief1601 contract1604 to shut up1622 decurt1631 to sum up1642 breviate1663 curtilate1665 compendize1693 epitomate1702 to gather up1782 summarize1808 scissor1829 précis1856 to cut down1857 to boil down1880 synopsize1882 essence1888 résumé1888 short copy1891 bovrilize1900 pot1927 summate1951 capsulize1958 profile1970 1857 C. J. Lever Fortunes of Glencore viii A system of..cutting down every one's demand to the measure of their own pockets. 1885 Dunckley in Manch. Weekly Times 6 June 5/5 Only one London newspaper attempts to give the speeches in full, the rest cut them down unmercifully. 1886 S. Baring-Gould Court Royal I. ix. 144 Expenses ought to be cut down in every way. 1939 H. W. Horwill Anglo-Amer. Interpreter 54 I am cutting down on my meat. 1945 E. Bowen Demon Lover 90 I got my hundred [cigarettes] this morning... I can't seem to cut down, somehow. Mary, have you cut down? 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xii. 220 Methods of cutting down on the labour have been suggested. 8. to cut down to size: to reduce to suitable dimensions; figurative to reduce to a true or proper level of importance. ΘΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > to suitable dimensions to cut down to size1821 to cut (chop, etc.) down to size1972 the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)] anitherOE fellOE lowc1175 to lay lowc1225 to set adownc1275 snuba1340 meekc1350 depose1377 aneantizea1382 to bring lowa1387 declinea1400 meekenc1400 to pull downc1425 avalec1430 to-gradea1440 to put downc1440 humble1484 alow1494 deject?1521 depress1526 plucka1529 to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533 to bring down1535 to bring basec1540 adbass1548 diminish1560 afflict1561 to take down1562 to throw down1567 debase1569 embase1571 diminute1575 to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576 exinanite1577 to take (a person) a peg lower1589 to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589 disbasea1592 to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592 comb-cut1593 unpuff1598 atterr1605 dismount1608 annihilate1610 crest-fall1611 demit1611 pulla1616 avilea1617 to put a scorn on, upon1633 mortify1639 dimit1658 to put a person's pipe out1720 to let down1747 to set down1753 humiliate1757 to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789 start1821 squabash1822 to wipe a person's eye1823 to crop the feathers of1827 embarrass1839 to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864 to sit upon ——1864 squelch1864 to cut out of all feather1865 to sit on ——1868 to turn down1870 to score off1882 to do (a person) in the eye1891 puncture1908 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 to cut down to size1927 flatten1932 to slap (a person) down1938 punk1963 1821 M. Wilmot Let. 20 Mar. (1935) 100 We..cut down silk stockings to Cat's size. 1904 G. B. Shaw Lett. to Granville Barker 6 Dec. (1956) 45 The theme is a huge one; and it cant be cut down to Court size. 1927 E. Hemingway Men without Women (1928) 33 He wheeled his horse..towards..the far side of the ring where the bull would come out... ‘Pic him, Manos,’ he said. ‘Cut him down to size for me.’ 1959 Listener 2 July 12/2 We are in danger of forgetting our place, of getting ideas above our station. It is good to have Mr. Graves to cut us down to size. 1959 Guardian 17 Sept. 18/1 Production and distribution of films has been cut down to size and other interests have been greatly extended. 1969 J. Drummond People in Glass House xxxvi. 140 You've had thirty good years, perhaps it's time you were cut down to size. < as lemmas |
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