titretitern.

Brit.

/ˈtʌɪtə/,

/ˈtiːtə/, U.S.

/ˈtaɪdər/

Forms: 1800s– titer (chiefly U.S.), 1800s– titre.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French titre.

Etymology: < French titre fineness of a metal alloy (early 16th cent. in Middle French), (in chemistry) proportioning of the fixed weight of a reagent which a given volume of a liquid contains in solution (1851 or earlier), highest temperature reached as a fatty acid solidifies (1881 or earlier), specific sense developments of titre title, qualification (see title n.). Compare earlier title n. 8. With the specific use in chemistry compare titrate v., titrated adj., titration n.With sense 1 compare the following earlier unassimilated use of French titre in this sense in an English context:1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. iii. ii. vii. 70 The Titre or title, as the French call it, or the standard of their silver coin, is 11 parts fine to 1 part alloy.

1. The degree of purity of gold or silver. Cf. title n. 8. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > degree of purity of

allaya1325

toucha1325

assayc1430

finesse1463

betternessc1530

alloy1593

standarda1684

sterling1696

titre1839

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 858 The French rule for finding the par of a foreign gold coin,..is to multiply its weight by its standard or titre.

1884 Numismatic Chron. 4 81 The titre of the dînâr was very good and constant.

1962 P. Z. Bedoukian Coinage Cilician Armenia 55 A detailed examination of the names, weights and titre of the silver coins is given in the section under metrology.

2007 M. de Cecco in P. L. Cottrell et al. From Athenian Tetradrachm to Euro v. 67 The signatory states agreed..to fix the titre of coined silver at 835.

a. Chemistry. The concentration of a solution, or one of its constituents, as determined by titration; (also) the minimum volume of a reagent that must be added to a solution in order to reach the end point in a titration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > titration > strength of solution

titre1861

1861 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 81 190 Consequently if the liquid to be analyzed contains no saline matter, the error may be but trifling, the error in the analysis correcting more or less accurately the original error in the determination of the ‘titre’.

1903 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. Mar. 188 The solution was kept cooled to 15°. One cc. was removed at intervals (5 cc. in all), and the ‘immediate’ titer was found to gradually decrease from its original value of 6·4 to 1·2 in about one-half hour.

1987 M. Freemantle Chem. in Action 303 Using methyl orange as indicator, the titre was 87.5cm³ of the HCl.

2015 A. G. McFarland et al. AQA A-level Chem. 1 ii. 54 The titre is the volume delivered from the burette into the conical flask until the indicator changes colour.

b. Chiefly Immunology and Virology. The concentration of a specific biologically active substance (originally antibody) or infectious agent in a sample, as determined by a series of dilutions of the sample; a measurement of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] > concentration of

titre1897

1897 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 4 19 A good serum will react thus in one hour in a 10-mgrm. dilution, or 1 per cent... It has the advantage of simplicity, and furthermore agrees roughly with Professor Pfeiffer's 0·005 ‘Titre’.

1918 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 22 148 Normal human serum contains peptidase and maintains a relatively uniform titer.

1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 337 If soluble antigen has been released it may be detected in relatively high titer in the supernatant fluid.

1950 E. M. Lederberg Microbial Genetics Bull. Jan. 5 High titers..of [bacteriophage] lambda have been obtained by inoculating W-518 cultures with plaque material.

1958 Spectator 19 Sept. 379/1 The shot I'm going to give you..ought to moderate the symptoms until you've developed a high anti-body titer of your own.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 421/1 As the anti-body titres waned they would go through a succession of mid-gestation abortions.

1998 Pi Mag. Dec. 2 Viral load tests claim to detect a titre of virus in the peripheral blood of HIV positive individuals, utilising various methods of genetic amplification (PCR, etc.) and mathematical models.

2003 New Yorker 7 July 58/3 He ran a blood test for a virus called Epstein-Barr and found a soaring titer, a measurement of the antibody system.

3. The highest temperature reached as a fatty acid solidifies; the solidification temperature of a fat or oil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > temperature points

titre1886

cloud point1934

1886 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 8 262 Pure butter has a titre of 36.5° to 37.5° C.

1895 R. Benedikt & J. Lewkowitsch Chem. Anal. Oils, Fats, Waxes iv. 100 The temperature will continue to fall, but then it will rise suddenly..and reach a maximum, remaining thereat stationary for some little time before it falls again. This point is called the titer or solidifying point.

1972 Materials & Technol. V. viii. 193 Fats containing fatty acids with a titre above 40°C are known as tallows. (The titre of an oil is the highest temperature reached when the liberated water-insoluble fatty acids are crystallizing under controlled conditions. It is generally taken to be the solidification point of the fatty acids.)

2011 M. K. Dowd in F. D. Gunstone Veg. Oils in Food Technol. vii. 214 Titer values for cottonseed oil are relatively high compared to other oils due to the elevated levels of saturated fatty acids.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	titre
释义	titretitern. Brit. /ˈtʌɪtə/, /ˈtiːtə/, U.S. /ˈtaɪdər/ Forms: 1800s– titer (chiefly U.S.), 1800s– titre. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French titre. Etymology: < French titre fineness of a metal alloy (early 16th cent. in Middle French), (in chemistry) proportioning of the fixed weight of a reagent which a given volume of a liquid contains in solution (1851 or earlier), highest temperature reached as a fatty acid solidifies (1881 or earlier), specific sense developments of titre title, qualification (see title n.). Compare earlier title n. 8. With the specific use in chemistry compare titrate v., titrated adj., titration n.With sense 1 compare the following earlier unassimilated use of French titre in this sense in an English context:1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. iii. ii. vii. 70 The Titre or title, as the French call it, or the standard of their silver coin, is 11 parts fine to 1 part alloy. 1. The degree of purity of gold or silver. Cf. title n. 8. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > degree of purity of allaya1325 toucha1325 assayc1430 finesse1463 betternessc1530 alloy1593 standarda1684 sterling1696 titre1839 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 858 The French rule for finding the par of a foreign gold coin,..is to multiply its weight by its standard or titre. 1884 Numismatic Chron. 4 81 The titre of the dînâr was very good and constant. 1962 P. Z. Bedoukian Coinage Cilician Armenia 55 A detailed examination of the names, weights and titre of the silver coins is given in the section under metrology. 2007 M. de Cecco in P. L. Cottrell et al. From Athenian Tetradrachm to Euro v. 67 The signatory states agreed..to fix the titre of coined silver at 835. 2. a. Chemistry. The concentration of a solution, or one of its constituents, as determined by titration; (also) the minimum volume of a reagent that must be added to a solution in order to reach the end point in a titration. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > titration > strength of solution titre1861 1861 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 81 190 Consequently if the liquid to be analyzed contains no saline matter, the error may be but trifling, the error in the analysis correcting more or less accurately the original error in the determination of the ‘titre’. 1903 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. Mar. 188 The solution was kept cooled to 15°. One cc. was removed at intervals (5 cc. in all), and the ‘immediate’ titer was found to gradually decrease from its original value of 6·4 to 1·2 in about one-half hour. 1987 M. Freemantle Chem. in Action 303 Using methyl orange as indicator, the titre was 87.5cm³ of the HCl. 2015 A. G. McFarland et al. AQA A-level Chem. 1 ii. 54 The titre is the volume delivered from the burette into the conical flask until the indicator changes colour. b. Chiefly Immunology and Virology. The concentration of a specific biologically active substance (originally antibody) or infectious agent in a sample, as determined by a series of dilutions of the sample; a measurement of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] > concentration of titre1897 1897 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 4 19 A good serum will react thus in one hour in a 10-mgrm. dilution, or 1 per cent... It has the advantage of simplicity, and furthermore agrees roughly with Professor Pfeiffer's 0·005 ‘Titre’. 1918 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 22 148 Normal human serum contains peptidase and maintains a relatively uniform titer. 1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 337 If soluble antigen has been released it may be detected in relatively high titer in the supernatant fluid. 1950 E. M. Lederberg Microbial Genetics Bull. Jan. 5 High titers..of [bacteriophage] lambda have been obtained by inoculating W-518 cultures with plaque material. 1958 Spectator 19 Sept. 379/1 The shot I'm going to give you..ought to moderate the symptoms until you've developed a high anti-body titer of your own. 1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 421/1 As the anti-body titres waned they would go through a succession of mid-gestation abortions. 1998 Pi Mag. Dec. 2 Viral load tests claim to detect a titre of virus in the peripheral blood of HIV positive individuals, utilising various methods of genetic amplification (PCR, etc.) and mathematical models. 2003 New Yorker 7 July 58/3 He ran a blood test for a virus called Epstein-Barr and found a soaring titer, a measurement of the antibody system. 3. The highest temperature reached as a fatty acid solidifies; the solidification temperature of a fat or oil. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > temperature points titre1886 cloud point1934 1886 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 8 262 Pure butter has a titre of 36.5° to 37.5° C. 1895 R. Benedikt & J. Lewkowitsch Chem. Anal. Oils, Fats, Waxes iv. 100 The temperature will continue to fall, but then it will rise suddenly..and reach a maximum, remaining thereat stationary for some little time before it falls again. This point is called the titer or solidifying point. 1972 Materials & Technol. V. viii. 193 Fats containing fatty acids with a titre above 40°C are known as tallows. (The titre of an oil is the highest temperature reached when the liberated water-insoluble fatty acids are crystallizing under controlled conditions. It is generally taken to be the solidification point of the fatty acids.) 2011 M. K. Dowd in F. D. Gunstone Veg. Oils in Food Technol. vii. 214 Titer values for cottonseed oil are relatively high compared to other oils due to the elevated levels of saturated fatty acids. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1839
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