bothpron.adv.adj.

Brit.

/bəʊθ/, U.S.

/boʊθ/

Forms:

α. (Chiefly northern in later use) late Old English–early Middle English baðe, early Middle English baþen, early Middle English baða, early Middle English baðen, Middle English baȝ, Middle English baith, Middle English baithe, Middle English bath, Middle English bathe, Middle English baþ, Middle English baþe, Middle English baye, Middle English bayhe, Middle English bayth; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s beeath; Scottish pre-1700 baetht, pre-1700 baicht, pre-1700 baithe, pre-1700 baitht, pre-1700 bathe, pre-1700 batht, pre-1700 bathte, pre-1700 bavth, pre-1700 baycht, pre-1700 bayt, pre-1700 bayth, pre-1700 baythe, pre-1700 baytht, pre-1700 beith, pre-1700 beth, pre-1700 beyth, pre-1700 1700s bath, pre-1700 1700s–1800s beath, pre-1700 1700s– baeth (now Shetland), pre-1700 1700s– baith, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland) baid, 1900s beeth.

β. early Middle English boden, early Middle English boðe, early Middle English boðen, Middle English boaþe, Middle English bode, Middle English boȝ, Middle English boith, Middle English boithe, Middle English boiþ, Middle English boiþe, Middle English booþ, Middle English booþe, Middle English botȝ, Middle English bothee, Middle English bothen, Middle English bothene, Middle English bothin, Middle English bothne, Middle English botho (transmission error), Middle English botht, Middle English bothte, Middle English bothyn, Middle English botthe, Middle English boþ, Middle English boþe, Middle English boþen, Middle English boþin, Middle English boy, Middle English boye, Middle English boyen, Middle English boyhe, Middle English boyin, Middle English boyt, Middle English boythe, Middle English boyyn, Middle English buth, Middle English–1500s boothe, Middle English–1500s boyth, Middle English–1600s boeth, Middle English–1600s bothe, Middle English 1600s bouth, Middle English–1700s booth, Middle English– both, 1500s boȝth, 1500s bowth, 1500s–1800s boath; Scottish pre-1700 boath, pre-1700 boith, pre-1700 bothe, pre-1700 botht, pre-1700 boyith, pre-1700 boyth, pre-1700 1700s– both.

γ. early Middle English beoðe, Middle English beth, Middle English bethe, Middle English beþ, Middle English beþe.

Genitive (in early use chiefly in sense C. 4):

α. Scottish pre-1700 batheis.

β. Middle English bothes, Middle English botheyrs, Middle English bothus, Middle English bothys, Middle English boþe, Middle English boþes, Middle English boþis, 1600s–1700s 1900s– both's.

γ. Middle English bethe.

See also bothen adj., bother adj.

Origin: Partly (i) formed within English, by compounding. Partly (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymons: bo adj., tho pron.¹ and adj.

Etymology: Probably partly (i) < bo adj. + tho pron.¹ and adj., specifically as a coalescence of the Old English (feminine and neuter nominative and accusative) forms bā and þā (compare bo adj. Additions for a construction in which this collocation occurred), and partly (ii) directly < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic báðir , Old Norwegian báði (Norwegian både ), Old Swedish baþir (Swedish båda ), Old Danish bāthæ (Danish baade )), cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian bēthe , beithe , Old Dutch beithe (Middle Dutch beide , bēde , Dutch beide ), Old Saxon bēðia , bēðie , bēðea (Middle Low German beide , beide , beyde ), Old High German beide , bēde (Middle High German beide , bēde , German beide ) < the Germanic base of bo adj. + the Germanic base of tho pron.¹ and adj. Compare bothen adj., bother adj.Forms in Germanic. It is unclear whether Gothic bajoþs (plural) shows a similar formation ultimately < the Germanic base of bo adj. + the Germanic base of tho pron.¹ and adj., or whether it rather derives from a suffixed or extended form (perhaps compare month n.¹) of the Germanic base of bo adj. For a full discussion of formations in the Germanic languages see further A. S. C. Ross & J. Berns in J. Gvozdanović Indo-European Numerals (1992) 171–5. Origin as a development within English. In the Old English construction from which the word probably partly derives (see bo adj. Additions), in which forms of bēgen ‘both’ immediately precede (plural) forms of the demonstrative determiner þā tho pron.¹ and adj. (i.e. the same elements as those ultimately underlying the formation in Scandinavian and continental West Germanic), both elements are inflected and retain their individual meaning (‘both those’, ‘both the’). Although not frequent, the construction does not appear to show foreign influence. In West Saxon the feminine and neuter nominative and accusative forms are attested as būtū þā (with a form of two adj. intervening; compare bo adj. e), but it is likely that non-West Saxon varieties of Old English would have had bā þā , although this is attested only once (in a late manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chron.: see quot. lOE at bo adj. Additions). This latter collocation could yield forms of both adj. by phonological reduction of the second element (compare quot. c1200 at sense C. 1b, which could be interpreted as showing an intermediate stage). However, it is disputed whether the Old English collocation bā þā was frequent enough to explain the emergence of both adj. in Middle English, and it is likely that the formation was at least strongly reinforced by Scandinavian influence. Notes on forms. A number of forms of the word in Middle English can be explained either by the influence of Scandinavian inflected forms or by development within English, whether deriving originally from forms of bo adj. and tho pron.¹ and adj. or by more general analogy. The (non-genitival) forms in -n may have arisen by analogy with Old English bēgen , masculine nominative of bo adj., under the influence of early Scandinavian forms (compare e.g. Old Danish bāthen neuter nominative and accusative of bāthæ ), or may reflect the Middle English plural ending -en -en suffix³. See further bothen adj. and discussion at that entry. The γ. forms in -e- , apparently showing i-mutation of the stem vowel, probably reflect Scandinavian influence (compare Old Icelandic bæði , neuter nominative and accusative of báðir ), although compare also Old English bǣm , dative of bo adj. Forms of the genitive in -r- (see forms at bother adj.) show the reflex of the Old English (strong) genitive plural ending -ra , although comparable Scandinavian inflections of the present word could also have served as a model (compare e.g. Old Norwegian báðra , genitive of báði ). With α. forms at bother adj. showing the stem vowel ei or e compare Old English bēgra , genitive of bo adj. With the form botheyrs at β. forms compare β. forms at bother adj. Forms of the genitive in -n (see forms at bothen adj.) probably show the reflex of the Old English weak genitive plural ending -ena . Forms of the genitive in -s show addition of the genitive (singular) ending -s . The forms baȝ at α. forms and boȝ at β. forms both occur in manuscripts where ȝ is often written where þ is expected, and have therefore been taken as showing the present word rather than bo adj. Similarly, forms such as baye, bayhe at α. forms and boy, boye, boyen at β. forms are treated here on the grounds of their occurrence in manuscripts which regularly show y for þ (see further discussion at th n.¹). Notes on constructions. With both two at Phrases 1 compare bo adj. e. The constructions of both in English follow those of the earlier bo adj. and to some extent those of all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj.

A. pron.

a. With reference to two things, people, or groups previously specified: the two (without exception); the one as well as the other.See also either of both at either pron. 5b, neither of both at neither pron. 1b, whether of (the) both at whether pron., adj., conj.¹, and n. Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [noun] > both

the one and the otherOE

boc1000

eitherOE

bothlOE

either other1526

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1127 He wolde hauen baðe on hand.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 250 Baþe wærenn alde.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 694 (MED) He wile beþe Heye hangen on galwe-tre.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1832 Boþe þan as bliue a-sented.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 21 (MED) Bothe were leyde unto the erthe.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxxix King Richard had bene in greate ieopardie either of priuacion of his realme or losse of his life or both.

1584 G. Whetstone Mirour for Magestrates f. 27^v The Coueitous man is the worst of both.

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. xiii. §7 For exemple of beath, and to conclud this treatesse.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 106 He..resents his Wounds; His ignominious Flight, the Victor's boast, And more than both, the Loves, which unreveng'd he lost.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 197. ⁋13 The old gentlewoman considered herself wiser than both.

1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 206 Both with tender, studious care promoted her every wish.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 113 Both were Tories: both were men of hot temper and strong prejudices.

1894 F. Clarke tr. A. Holm Hist. Greece I. xx. 252 In Greece state and city are one, and both are designated by the word ‘Polis’.

1944 Princeton Alumni Weekly 12 May 13/3 Two classmates..are hospitalized, but we are happy to report that both are doing well.

1985 R. Howard tr. R. Barthes Responsibility of Forms i. 69 Religious theater or civic theater? Both together, of course.

2002 D. Aitkenhead Promised Land ix. 91 Girls wore spray-tight trousers.., boys came as ironic tramps in woolly hats, and both wore gigantic trainers.

†b. With singular agreement, in the same sense. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Hii^v Let no man the flatter, nor no man flatter thou For both is lyke errour.

1598 F. Meres tr. Luis de Granada Sinners Guyde i. vii. 73 The proportion of mans departure and entrance into this world is notable: for both is full of sorrowes.

a1667 J. Fergusson Brief Refut. Errors (1692) ii. 74 The Kingdom of Heaven is compared to a man that sowed Wheat, and the wicked one comes and sowes his Tares among it, and both is bidden let grow till the Harvest.

1721 R. Keith tr. Thomas à Kempis Valley of Lilies ii, in tr. Thomas à Kempis Select Pieces II. xi. 22 Both is a very great Evil.

2. With the.

a. The two; the pair. Now colloquial or regional.

ΚΠ

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 269 It turnes bot tille þe boþe, if Gode's grace may stond.

1533 T. More Apologye sig. Fiii Whych of the bothe hym selfe taketh for the chyef appereth.

1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs i. f. 5 Which was the wysest of the both, the littell trull or thou?

1654 J. Chetwind Dead Speaking (title page) Two severall Speeches delivered at the Funeralls of the both by William Thomas, B. D. Joyned.

1659 W. Hicks Ἀποκάλυψις Ἀποκάλυψεως ii. 114 Is God and Truth grown less lovely then at first? Or were you mistaken then in the right objects of your love? I rather fear, of the both, that the God of the world hath blinded you.

1793 W. G. Plocquet Initia Bibliothecae I. 509 The genuine use of hot and cold baths with the Wunderfall use of the both.

1841 H. T. Tuckerman Rambles & Reveries xxvii. 407 I don't mean to say nothin' agin Seth Plumfield nor agin his sugar, for the both is as good as you'd need to have.

1887 H. Whitfield Mr. Balfour's Instruments & Victims 10 Those with whom Mr. Murphy had long been familiar, and who knew most about the both.

1910 A. Quiller-Couch Corporal Sam & Other Stories 72 ‘Something has bewitched them,’ I persisted. ‘Either the wine or that devil's toy of yours has hold of them: or the both, belike.’

1995 J. Collins Booing the Bishop 11 ‘Will I play “Goodnight, Irene” or “I Discovered a Bum-Bum-Bum” for you?’ he asked, resting the mouth organ on his lower lip. Mrs Dalton said nothing... ‘Right then, I'll do you the both.’

b. colloquial and regional. the both of us, you, them, etc.: the two people or things mentioned or implied, regarded together.See sense A. 4 for similar use without the.

ΚΠ

1843 Jack's Edition of Life at Sea xv. 115 Now there you are, the both of you, brought up for punishment.

1899 S. MacManus In Chimney Corners 190 And the both of them..keening and ochoning, one louder nor another.

1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xxiii. 262 I'll make a nice pot of tea for the both of us.

1989 G. Vanderhaeghe Homesick ix. 124 You keep yourselves and your boots off the hood of that truck or I'll brain the both of you!

2010 J. McGregor Even Dogs (2011) iii. 90 Skinny buggers the both of them, needle-thin, all hands and arms.

3. In the genitive: of or belonging to the two people or things previously mentioned together.

ΚΠ

a1425 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Linc. Inn) (1927) l. 1507 (MED) Treowenes was y-take..by boþes [a1475 Harl. botheyrs] red.

1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ocland Valiant Actes & Victorious Battailes Eng. Nation sig. B.iiii Requested by the Flaunders Earle on causes of great weight For to consult, to bothes behoofe.

1616 B. Parsons Magistrates Charter 26 Judge no cause in hand, Before boths talke thou understand.

1685 A. Tyler Mem. Life & Actions Jhon the Great ii. 19 Strife 'twixt Uncle, and Nephew did not dy, But did descend to both's Posterity.

1715 R. Wodrow Let. 13 May in Corr. (1843) II. 38 That the business be tried, and both sides allowed to counter-question both's witnesses.

1790 Town & Country Mag. June 258/2 I will kneel, and plead With energy, by both's distress inspir'd, Your cause.

1857 C. Reade in Harper's new Monthly Mag. Dec. 109/2 I don't know whether it was my fault or hers, or both's, but we could never mix.

1929 E. Wilson I thought of Daisy v. 300 Dad..and another man ran into each other as Dad was coming out of a garage. It was really both's fault.

2006 A. Sisman Friendship x. 323 One of the poems..could have been written by either man, and is included in the standard editions of both's work.

4. With of. Preceding a plural pronoun: the two of; the one as well as the other of; the pair of. In later use also preceding a plural noun modified by the or a possessive adjective.

ΚΠ

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 101 Bothe of hem were riche.

1526 Grete Herball sig. X.iv^v/1 There be two kyndes of stycados.., and bothe of them be appropryed to the synewes and the brayne.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 626 Both of them knew how to commaund.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxii. 8 They went both of them together.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. i. 18 The hard Reine which both of them hath borne.

1669 S. Pepys Diary 28 Mar. (1976) IX. 500 Both of whom I did give joy.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 178 I told her the History of my Lancashire Marriage, and how both of us had been Disappointed.

1752 H. Fielding Amelia III. ix. 183 The finest Ladies in the World will sometimes love..with great Fury and Violence, tho' both of these are equally inconsistent with a fine Lady's artificial Character.

1800 J. Moore Mordaunt I. xv. 196 His complaints..would be more effectually removed by exercise and temperance, both of which he hated.

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 122/1 Both of the children were very beautiful.

1908 G. M. Fenn Sir Hilton's Sin xxii. 258 ‘Be quiet, both of you,’ cried Sir Hilton.

1965 I. Macleod Hansard Commons 17 Nov. 1165/1 We now have..not just inflation on the one side or stagnation on the other, but both of them together.

1992 Field & Stream Mar. 118/2 The relationship..although short-lived, must have touched one or both of their hearts.

2014 H. MacDonald H is for Hawk v. 46 Both of us were wiped out from yesterday's long drive.

B. adv.

1. In correlative constructions with and.

a. both —— and ——.In constructions where both precedes coordinated elements which are nouns or noun phrases (e.g. ‘both her mother and her father came to visit’), both could be regarded as a determiner modifying the two noun phrases (cf. sense C. 1); however, in constructions where the correlated elements are not noun phrases (e.g. ‘both just and kind’, ‘both by day and by night’), both is more clearly adverbial.As both..and corresponds to Latin et..et, both in this sense has traditionally often been classed as a conjunction.

(a) With two coordinated words, phrases, or clauses, emphasizing the inclusion of both (and not only one) of the elements specified: not only —— but —— .In earlier use sometimes preceded by a genitive.From the 19th century onwards, many usage guides have recommended that the clauses which follow both and and should mirror one another structurally (as they do, for example, in quots. 1611 and 1914). However, instances where they do not have been common in standard English from the Middle English period onwards (see, for example, quots. c1405, 1782).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > both [conjunction]

both —— and ——lOE

and‥anda1225

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1124 Dauid his broðer, þa wæs eorl on Norðhamtunescire, feng to rice and hæfde ða baðe togedere þone kinerice on Scotlande & þone eorldom on Englelande.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Þa namen hi þa men.., bathe be nihtes & be dæies, carlmen & wimmen, & diden heom in prisun.

c1200 Incipits & Explicits in H. Wanley Catal. Librorum Septentrionalium (1705) 233 Ure Drihte þe gef boðe þe olde lage and þe newe.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 143 For to deme baþe þe gode and þe uuele.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 958 Alle him loueden,..Boþen heyemen and lowe.

c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 497 Boþe ich and Merci, We beclepeþ þe dom for-þi.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 59 The person of the toun..In purpos was to maken hir his heir Bothe of his catel and his Mesuage.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 86 I xal send for hem bothyn fer and nere.

1528 D. Lindsay Dreme Prol. 20 Because vnblomit was baith bank and braye.

1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London ii. E ij For I must to the wedding Both vauntingly and flauntingly, although I had no bidding.

1611 J. Maxwell Mirrour Relig. Men 137 An outward demonstration of his pietie and faith,..both for the edifying of men, and for the more celebrious glorifying of God.

a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) vi. 24 A faire image of this young Gentlemans both wants and weaknesses.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 118 All its both Motion and Rest, come under our Idea of Necessary.

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. i. xxiv. 197 He had both publickly and privatly conflicted with the adversaries.

1782 R. Griffith Variety 56 You, I am sure, are as steady as a rock, both in love and war.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 375 This idle argument is the favourite, both shield and sword, of the Romanists.

1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 3) I. viii. 114 It is both severe and indulgent.

1914 Kokka 25 89/1 He was good both at the improvisation of poems and at handwriting.

1931 Flying Mag. Mar. 15/2 I have made many such towed flights and have reached the end of my rope, both literally and figuratively.

1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie vii. 162 Frank both was and was not a prude.

2014 Baltimore Sun (Nexis) 12 Nov. c1 Classic drinks become both sweeter and earthier after they've aged in a barrel.

(b) With more than two coordinated words, phrases, or clauses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adverb] > both

both —— and ——c1400

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 443 Bothe flesche & fissche and many other vitailles; Bothe bred and ale, butter, melke, and chese.

1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) i. sig. bv^v/2 She was also both Ioly faire and gode.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 351 Bothe prelates, bysshoppes, abbottes, barownes, and knyghtes.

1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Eiij^v Both fauour, sauour, hew, and qualities.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxviii. 283 Rewardes..giue all kinde of hartning..both to Masters, Vshers, and Schollars.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 38 To help them; both by awakening of them, counselling of them, and proffering to help them.

a1741 C. Fiennes Through Eng. on Side Saddle (1888) 238 The most exactest workmanship in y^e wood carving..both in figures, fruitages, beasts, birds, flowers.

1782 S. Johnson Let. 2 Mar. (1994) IV. 15 Both Williams, and Desmoulins and myself are very sickly.

1842 T. De Quincey Pope in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 404/1 For both Chaucer, and Shakespeare, and Milton.

1889 H. Weir Our Cats 16 Long-haired cats..are very diversified, both in form, colour, and the quality of the hair.

1912 R. B. Cunninghame Graham Charity 12 Whilst still permitting her to give full run to minor eccentricities, both in speech, deed and dress.

1942 Man 42 113/2 Both in Minoan, in Phœnician, and in Greek, a decimal system of numeration was in use.

2012 Church Times 20 Apr. 25/1 Some people talk about how to read and understand both books, readers, and understanding itself.

b. —— and —— both: with two coordinated words, phrases, or clauses, emphasizing the inclusion of each (and not only one) of the elements specified (now chiefly colloquial or regional). In early use also occasionally †—— and —— both two; cf. Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adverb] > both

both twoc1275

both the two?1473

—— and —— both two1483

bilaterally1849

ambilaterally1934

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 29 Þe hehnesse of meiðhad..bihald as of heh alle widewen under hire ant weddede baðe.

a1250 Lofsong Lefdi (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 205 Ich habbe i-suneged ine mete and in drunche boðe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 221 (MED) Þe werwolf & þe wilde hert were a-weye boþe.

1467 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 534 He had shreuyn Master Brakley, and howsyllyd hym bothe.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1185 My brothir loved hym..and all hys brethirn and the kynge bothe.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xi. f. cij^v The scorpyon..byteth and styngeth bothe two at ones.

1553 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughmans Crede sig. A.ii^v The cofres of christendom, and the keie bothen.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie sig. Fiii Discharge me..Of burglary, and felony, both two.

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Gg.i^v It shall be good for him & me bothe.

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 To Rdr. sig. A5 Malice marres logike and charitie both.

1684 Bp. G. Burnet in tr. T. More Utopia Pref. sig. A7 His setting out so barbarous a practice..is so wild and so immoral both.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels I. 7 When Matters so fall out that we cannot attend to Mercy and Sacrifice both.

1796 J. G. Holman Abroad & at Home iii. ii. 73 He knows Dicky here in his real and masquerade character both.

1839 B. Disraeli Let. 28 Feb. (1987) III. 150 A thousand thanks: you are a library and a librarian both.

1887 M. B. Harvey Musical Stud. at Home xiv. 158 If you play and sing both,..people will follow the voice rather than the organ.

1904 V. Brown Magdalen's Husband xxvii. 268 I wish you'd keep an eye on the lass, motherless and silly both.

1961 R. P. Hobson Rancher takes Wife iii. 56 You stepped on my bum leg and my hand both.

2010 P. Auster Sunset Park iv. 61 In other words, his father said to him.., she ditched us. You and me both, kid.

†2. In negative constructions, emphasizing the exclusion of each (and not only one) of the two elements specified. Cf. either adv. 4b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > neither

nouthereOE

no morec1385

both1485

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xviii. v. sig. v.v^v Of that I will not fayle yow, nor her bothe.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 24 This snake..sunck downe from Altar cleane, without both harme or noyse.

C. adj. (determiner).

1. With a plural noun (denoting the members of a pair), or a noun phrase coordinated by and (cf. sense B. 1a).

a. In constructions with both immediately following a noun (or a noun phrase coordinated by and).

(a) Following a noun which is the subject of the clause. In early use also following a noun which is object or complement (later only in occasional, typically poetic, use).

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 488 Ta twa prestess wærenn a-Aroness suness baþe.

c1330 St. Katherine (Auch.) l. 59 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 243/1 Glewemen herd sche miri sing, Wiþ pipes & wiþ trompes boþe.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 96 Anoon I wisshe myn hondis both [e] .

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 834 This on nyght wele vs loueris bothe sle.

1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. B.iv No more of this wranglyng in my chyrch I shrewe your hartys bothe for this lurche.

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xliiii. 378/1 Shall I presume with such a man to marrie, At whom my parents both do so repine?

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 166 The Consuls both did then decree The Senate should assembled be.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxxiv. 220 You and I both are farre more worthy of pardon, then a great rabble of squint-minded fellowes.

1661 M. Nedham Short Hist. Eng. Rebell. 6 'Twas for the Crown The Houses both did fight.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. cxvii. 371 His sisters both drove away yesterday, God be thanked.

1794 J. Charnock Biogr. Navalis II. 328 The French ships both surrendered.

1841 Mechanics' Mag. 35 72 Sir Joseph and I both called them oars, or revolving oars.

1855 Dear Annie (1856) 71 She has seen her parents both, and two sweet sisters fair, All laid within the silent tomb.

1875 W. Besant & J. Rice With Harp & Crown I. ix. 178 His eyes both dropped as in very weariness.

1919 Mediator 8 Aug. 12/1 Max and Morris both agree on that.

1972 Tri-State Defender 18 Nov. 9 The two teams both defeated Melrose in hard fought games.

2008 D. Carr Night of Gun i. 8 My legs both hurt, but in remarkably different ways.

(b) For emphasis in forms of address to two people. Now archaic and rare.

ΚΠ

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 47 You my good Lords both, haue well proceeded To warne false traitours from the like attempts.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 286 Fare you wel gentlemen both .

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre v. iv. 81 in Wks. II What, so malicious? will ye murder me, Masters both, i' mine owne house?

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xviii. 85 My dear Ladies both, Adieu.

1834 J. S. Knowles Beggar of Bethnal Green iii. i. 94 Come, Kate!—come fathers both.

1840 L. Hunt Legend of Florence ii. i. 28 My dear friends both, What you were saying of the good future time Made me but think too sadly of the present.

1945 J. Farnol ‘Piping Times’ v. 23 ‘I'm “Tom”, dear Aunts both, pray remember,’ said he.

b. In constructions with both followed by determiner or possessive and then a noun. Cf. both of at sense A. 4.

ΚΠ

c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Hatton) v. 7 Ða comen hyo & gefelden baða þa [OE Corpus Cambr. butu þa] scype swa þæt hyo neh wæren gesencten.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7713 Wo so bi king willames daye slou hert oþer hind, Me ssolde pulte oute boþe is eye.

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 10 (MED) Þay trumpped appon bathe þe parties.

c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 20 (MED) Tak bathe thyn handis.

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3432 (MED) Bothe hys Armes on hym he sprad.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 84 Thay..in auld tymes had baith y^e kynds in publick vse.

1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 31 Laughter holding both his sides.

1695 J. Norris Lett. conc. Love of God x. 233 We are therefore to cast both these Loves into one and the same Chanel.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 263. ⁋6 Both your Sisters are crying to see the Passion which I smother.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 72 Baith the Shaws, Wha aft hae made us black and blae.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. iv. 42 She boxed both my ears.

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 172 The perfection of both these passages..is quite insuperable.

1940 A. M. Lindbergh Diary 24 June in War within & Without (1980) 117 Both the men are so attentive, jumping up to shut doors lest I catch cold.

1966 G. Parks Choice of Weapons xviii. 191 Sally took one look and immediately lost both her earrings.

2011 V. Roth Divergent xxv. 316 Both my shoulders sting from the tattoo needle.

c. In constructions with both immediately preceding a noun, without determiner or possessive (cf. sense C. 1b).

ΚΠ

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2653 (MED) On boþe sides was slayn muche puple.

?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 312 (MED) Þer were shewed the condiciouns..of þe acorde of boþe sydes ywriten.

a1500 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Douce) l. 2636* in K. Brunner Mittelengl. Vers-roman über Richard Löwenherz (1913) 224 (MED) He carf þe chayne þat þei myth se, þat bothyn endys fellyn jn þe see.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie Pref. 26 A solemne declaration made on both parts.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. v. 262 Never saw I glove that would serve both hands.

1690 J. Child Disc. Trade vi. 121 Both parties desire an end of their Differences.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 499. ¶2 Very agreeable young People of both Sexes.

1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 284/2 Much may be said on both sides.

1835 W. G. Sims Yemassee II. xxiii. 201 The Englishman leaped upon him with both feet.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. v. 206 In Russia..it is customary to give both dates.

1917 P. H. Davis Football x. 152 Both teams play stubbornly, the ball surging back and forth across the centre line.

1958 J. Weidman Enemy Camp vi. 117 Aunt Tessie cut open a roll and smeared both halves with butter.

2004 N. Govinden We are New Romantics 40 After we'd said hi, briefly kissing on both cheeks, he offered me a cigarette.

d. In constructions with both between a determiner or possessive and a noun. Now chiefly colloquial.

ΚΠ

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 128 (MED) Al þat is schewid or seid in þe booþ seid placis of þe booþe seid treticis.

a1475 Bk. Hawking in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 297 Knyt the bothe endes with a threde.

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria iii. f. 29 The length..fro the both toppys of his myddell fyngers, whan he makethe a vadome.

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. sig. Aii^v The middle partes nother bulke vp, nother shrink down more then the bothe endes.

?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses iii. 43 To plate the both hornes round about with gold.

1649 E. Rainbow Serm. Interring Countess Suffolk 2 A King whose both hands God had filled with blessings of every kind.

1830 J. W. Warter tr. Aristophanes Knights in Acharnians, Knights, Wasps 85 He..with his both hands, scoops up from the public funds.

1867 New Monthly Mag. Apr. 480 I've looked, sir, as hard as my both eyes can stare.

1939 C. H. Madge & T. Harrisson Brit. by Mass-observ. iv. 134 What the public wants is some tough guy, Only who can let his both fists fly.

1976 Z. Depolo tr. M. Krleža On Edge of Reason iv. 62 He..bent toward me and took me by my both arms, as if I were a child.

1993 S. Stewart Ramlin Rose xv. 148 One of us could take the both boats into the lock.

2. With a plural pronoun (denoting the members of a pair).

a. Immediately following (or in early use preceding) a subject or object pronoun. Also in both which. Cf. sense C. 3, and both of us, both of whom, etc., at sense A. 4.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3300 Ðeȝȝ baþe forenn ham.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 29 Nan ðare þinge ðe hie baðe muȝen don.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2543 (MED) I shal do slou hem baþe.

a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Pilgrim of St. James (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Bothe Sain peter and sain Iam him mette, And baþe thai gan his wai to lette.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 271 He myghte doon vs bathe [c1415 Corpus Oxf. boþe, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 bothe] a vileynye.

?1467 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 198 (MED) He claymeth londe of my graunt fadir is yifte and money both which shold be owyng to hym.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 49 Bothe they toke eche a good palfroye.

?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. B.vi The soule of man or..the chirche, bothe whiche is called in scrypture a spyrytuall erthe.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiii*^v So long as you both shall liue.

1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 43 Then would yt..make bothe theme the better to love one another.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 242 The time 'twixt six & now Must by vs both be spent most preciously.

c1688 H. Herbert in R. Warner Epistolary Curiosities (1818) 1st Ser. 72 We both intend, God willing, to set forward for London on Munday next.

1705 J. Browne Secret Hist. Queen Zarah i. 81 He sends for Salopius and Hippolito, both whom persisted in their Innocence.

1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man iv. ii Baw! damn me, but I'll fight you both.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 63 They both speak of death.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 114 The papers found in the strong box..had converted them both to the true faith.

1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem vi. 56 We both have the same aim in view.

1999 SL (Cape Town) June 108/2 There are two kinds of turns.., both which are accomplished by applying..pressure to the heel or toe of your front foot.

2002 C. Manby Getting Personal xiv. 144 ‘What are you having?’ the waiter asked them both.

b. Modifying an anaphoric demonstrative or possessive pronoun.

ΚΠ

1479 Earl Rivers tr. Cordyal (Caxton) iv. ii In bothe these they shal finde cause to be saciate.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. i. sig. Aii Both these, for loue to wed with me fonde are.

1569 R. Crowley Setting open Subtyle Sophistrie T. Watson i. 68 He..asked that one of his owne eyes might be put out, for then he knewe that the other should loose both his.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 190 Both these make the paine somwhat acute or stinging.

1662 Duchess of Newcastle Youths Glory i. i, in Playes Written 125 Come, come Wife, the Girls wit will out-argue both ours.

a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 161 It is well they afford us both these.

1778 F. Burney Evelina II. xxi. 199 Unhappily I caught his eye;—both mine, immediately, were bent to the ground.

1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris xi. 226 The standard..of manners, is high in France,—and the standard of their conversation is still higher,—but in the substantials of knowledge and conduct, they are below both these.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. xi. 273 I arrested his wandering hand, and prisoned it in both mine.

1933 M. Lowry Let. in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 131 To hell with being Lowry the Writer & Lowry the Man..—I may be a failure at both those.

1982 Black Belt May 70/2 His hands are occupied, both mine are ready.

2009 J. Heaton Table Tennis vi. 25/1 The first attacking strokes to learn are the forehand and backhand drive. Both these are played with a closed bat angle.

3. In apposition to a plural noun or pronoun (denoting the members of a pair) or a noun phrase coordinated by and, with intervening verb or other element.

†a. Separated from the noun or pronoun by a main verb. Also (in early use): with intervening noun, adverbial, etc. Obsolete.When referring to the subject of a sentence, both was in early Middle English usually separated from it, and placed after the verb or whole predication.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7636 Symeon..ȝaff hemm blettsinnȝe baþe.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1680 Loke þat ye comen beþe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2275 (MED) Y saw hem riȝt now boþe.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. vi. 1274 Þey [printed þoy] worcheþ beþ [emended in ed. to boþ; a1425 Pierpont Morgan boþe] yliche.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 793 Al for noght þai ette it bath.

c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 625 As þey stoode talkyng boþen in feere.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1852 Thus Iangelyng to ech othir, endenting euery pase, They entrid both in-to the hall.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 2nd Serm. sig. Dvii^v Within ii. dayes they chylded both.

1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 505 Nowe might I..requite your tenne differences..to proue them fools both.

1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 29 They frolique both in glory.

1652 R. Loveday tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 1st Pt. iii. i. 205 They fell both to the Earth, where they began to rowle o're each other with a most dreadfull fury.

1698 E. Freke Diary 13 Apr. in Remembrances (2001) 70 They came both to London safe, which was a greatt mercy to mee.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Leeward-tide is when the Tide and Wind go both one Way.

a1765 Sir Cawlire ii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. lxi. 58/1 Knights and lordes they woed her both.

1842 J. C. Prince Hours with Muses (ed. 3) 85 Some strange thing Had made them glad, for they were laughing both.

1852 Weekly Return Births & Deaths in London 3 Jan. 2 The son and daughter of a willow-weaver, aged 3 years and 6 years, died both on 23d December of small-pox.

1900 M. Gray World's Mercy iv. 102 We sinned? Oh, yes, indeed we sinned both, but only I suffered!

b. Separated from the noun or pronoun by a copular verb or an auxiliary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adjective] > both

either bothOE

boc1000

botha1225

eitherc1300

outhera1450

a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 Þa weran boðe [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 butu] deadlice.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 10 Noðeles ha were wel baðe.

c1300 St. Andrew (Harl.) l. 3 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 543 (MED) Fischeres hi were boþe.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2469 (MED) For we be bothen of o kinde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9734 (MED) For we er bath of a strenght.

c1460 Ipomedon (Longleat) (1889) 356 (MED) They were both in blak.

1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Div^v You are both as constant as snowe in the sunne.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 87^v I wish you were both married.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 255 They were both equall in state and condition.

a1672 F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 192 His fellows must both strike at him.

1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body iv. 49 I don't know which of you have done it; but you shall both suffer for it.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 201 We were both too delicate to communicate what we felt to each other.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) x. 98 We are both men of the world.

1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune I. vii. 105 They seem both very kind.

1909 W. D. Orcutt Spell xxxi. 348 I wish that you and your wife might both have come into my life earlier.

1974 H. Secombe Twice Brightly 75 You'll both be finished in this house if there's any more hanky-panky.

2014 A. Todd After we Fell xl. 222 I'm not following anyone. Tessa or Tessa Number Two. They can both go to hell.

4. With a plural possessive adjective: of or belonging to the two people specified; belonging or connected to the two of us, them, etc. Cf. bo adj. c, all adj. 5.Originally as a parallel construction to similar constructions with different genitive forms of both adj. (see bothen adj., bother adj.); once the adjectival genitive in such constructions had been reanalysed as a separate adjective the construction without inflection of both arose as a further alternative to (and ultimately replacement of) the earlier constructions.In later use (now only colloquial), where reference is to the sharing or possession of a single object the noun is sometimes plural by attraction, e.g. ‘she is both their mothers’, ‘it is both your faults’.

a. Following a plural possessive adjective.In early use perhaps still apprehended as following the genitive of a plural personal pronoun, the original type of this construction (compare discussion at bother adj.).

†(a) In the genitive. Cf. bothen adj., bother adj. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1388 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 294 The forsaid wode sall neuir be giffin na sald of nethir of the partes bot with thair batheis assent.

c1430 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C. (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1878) l. 83 But for ȝoure boþis peynes I ȝow preye.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ii. xviii. sig. dviii^v He caused me to leue myn owne shelde to our bothes destruction.

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 176 (MED) Off Rede shall be your bothis wede.

1598 R. Carew Herrings Tayle sig. D4^v Reuenge, reuenge you then the sonnes foule iniurie, The fathers bitter griefe, and our bothes infamie.

(b) Without inflection. Now rare and nonstandard.

ΚΠ

a1400 W. Langland Piers Plowman (Corpus Cambr.) (1873) C. iii. l. 67 Symonye and cyuyle sauh here boþe [a1400 Laud 656 boþers, c1400 Vesp. boþe, c1400 Huntington HM 137 boþeres, a1425 Fairf. beiþer; B text c1400 beire, c1450 Rawl. bethere, a1500 Oriel boþer] wil.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 123 Ther was swich diuersitee Bitwene hir bothe lawes.

1427 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 71 (MED) To the same John and Custance and to the heires of thair bothe bodyes lawefully be goten.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 3669 This was concludid bi ther bothe assent.

c1450 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Arms) (1927) l. 1507 (MED) Trewes [þay] gan take xij mothe [read monthe] wyt her bethe [v.r. aythers] rede.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 49/1 [To be] here as a saintuary man to their both dishonour and obloquy.

1536 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 509 Ye take uppon you to set order bothe to them and Us, your bothe Sovereigne.

1654 A. Cokayne tr. G. F. Loredano Dianea ii. 115 Dianea..descended into the Cave to make Floridea acquainted with their both concerning miseries.

?1749 in S. W. von Dewitz Dissertatio Historico-iuridica de Langobardis sig. )(4 Then do fulfill the Wishes of our both native Soil.

1838 B. von Arnim Diary of Child 209 From your both united love emanated their happiness.

1941 J. Stalin Let. 14 Nov. in S. Butler My Dear Mr. Stalin (2005) 54 The Soviet Government has no objections to the establishment of organizational forms of cooperation between the Red Cross Societies of our both countries.

b. Preceding a plural possessive adjective.

ΚΠ

a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) l. 170 Purtrayde was þer both her loue.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 65 I have both theire hedis.

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3286 (MED) But bothe oure hoostis shall nyghe nere.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxxv While the kyng and the Emperor loked on the letter, a sodein noyse rose emongest bothe their subiectes, that it was a letter of defiance.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. ii. 51 Both our remedies With in thy help and holy phisicke lies.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 159 Were you both our mothers.

1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. i. 155 Both their haire was as white as was possible.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. ix It was both our misfortunes, that he committed the whole affair to the Care..of his Bookseller.

a1713 A. Pitcairn Assembly (1722) v. iii. 106 The Dogs shall lick both their Bloods yet.

1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote II. v. v. 35 These Sentiments which now cause both our Unhappiness.

1816 L. Fitz-Aubyn Lavinia Fitz-Aubyn III. 248 On my return I met the fair cause of both our sorrow.

1844 Metrop. Mag. May 156 This was the one grievance.., to see that dear fond object of both their love evidently declining.

1953 P. Hutchens Blue Cow at Sugar Creek ii. 17 It's both your faults! You tricked me!

1960 Billboard 15 Aug. 4/4 I'll bet we can come up with something that'll command the attention of these record collectors to both our advantage.

2010 M. McCarthy Hawk xxiii. 360 He could put an end to both their agony right now.

Phrases

P1. both the two: one and the other, both. Formerly also †both two (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adverb] > both

both twoc1275

both the two?1473

—— and —— both two1483

bilaterally1849

ambilaterally1934

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1200 Mid childe hii weren boþe two [c1275 Calig. ba twa].

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 5733 (MED) Ȝut stondeþ boþe tuo.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 155 Byndez byhynde, at his bak, boþe two his handez.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 37^v This bataile was felonous & hard at begynnyng for bothe the two perties.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. ccli^v/2 They were bothe two armed.

1578 J. Polemon All Famous Battels 280 The hurt happened vnto both the two Generalles.

1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1453 Impleadging and waidging Both two their lives for mine.

a1679 J. Moore New Georgraphy (1681) ii. ii. 4 Armenia is divided into the greater and lesser..; both the two are at present called Turcomania.

1735 J. Ogilvie tr. R. Menteith Hist. Troubles Great Brit. vii. 261 The House..voted that both the two were scandalous and seditious.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. xviii. 361 Both the two cities reached a high pitch of prosperity.

1869 E. S. P. Ward Gates Ajar 46 I kissed her eyes, both two of 'em.

1912 G. K. Chesterton Manalive ii. iv. 284 [He] appeared upon election day wearing the rosette of both the two opposing parties.

2009 K. Bird & H. Hill in D. Singh Southeast Asian Affairs 269 Since 2000, growth has averaged 5.1 per cent per annum, superior to both the two preceding decades.

P2. both the twain: one and the other, both (now archaic and rare). Formerly also †both twain, †both tway (obsolete).

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 635 Naked war þai bath tway.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 3273 The hand, the hed of noble Tullius..Wer..brouhte bi Popilius, Vpon a stake set up bothe tweyne.

?1555 Ld. Morley tr. Petrarch Tryumphes sig. J.iii Both the twayne Decius.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Pref. sig. **vi From both twaine of them, wee drawe..the truth of our Scriptures.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xlii. sig. D^v Both finde each other, and I loose both twaine .

1637 M. Parker Two Inseparable Brothers (single sheet) If the one be cold or hot, that's common to both twaine.

1843 Fraser's Mag. June 734 Both the twain are gone.

1859 G. W. Dasent tr. P.C. Asbjørnsen & J. Moe Pop. Tales from Norse (ed. 2) 410 The fox had eaten both the twain, goose and duck.

1954 A. E. Watts tr. Ovid Metamorphoses ix. 213 Love..touched with equal pain The yet unpracticed hearts of both the twain.

P3. between (also †atween) both: sustained or existing between two people or things; of the two; by the two.

ΚΠ

c1460 J. Lydgate Praise of Peace l. 174 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 791 Attween bothen..Crist Ihesus send vs pees.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xiii. 219 The argument was supported for some time between both with equal obstinacy.

1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend III. 162 The harmony in and between both.

1856 J. R. Ballantyne Aphor. Sánkhya Philos. 38 ‘Between both,’, i.e., between Soul, and not-Soul,..there is not an absolute non-difference.

2011 G. Toal & C. T. Dahlman Bosnia Remade ii. 49 The development of Serbian and Croatian nationalism in the early nineteenth century transformed it [sc. Bosnia-Herzegovina] into an object of competition between both.

P4. both ways: in both respects. Formerly also †both the ways (obsolete).to cut both ways see cut v. 2b; to have it both ways see way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 1b(f); to work both ways see work v. Phrases 9.

ΚΠ

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Kii^v Bothe the wayes suche desyres be vnlawfull.

1532 in Gower's Confessione Amantis To Rdr. sig. aa.iij/1 For as moche as it may serue both weyes.

1629 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Eight Bks. Peloponnesian Warre ii. 114 Shew not your selues both wayes inferiour to your Ancestors.

1636 D. Calderwood Re-exam. Two Articles 173 The seventh day may bee considered both the wayes.

1711 Curate of Dorset's Answer to Curate of Salop's Expos. 16 A Monarch can govern his Kingdom democratically, a Common-wealth Monarchically, and an Aristocracy both ways.

1791 W. Taylor tr. G. E. Lessing Nathan the Wise (1805) v. 252 I'am a crazy looby, a credulous enthusiast—both ways mad.

1842 A. W. Pugin Let. 28 Apr. (2001) I. 343 After weighing the advantages both ways I decided on the Triple roofs.

1868 Railway Times 28 Mar. 351/1 They would gain both ways, both by developing traffic and saving expense.

1921 C. E. Mulford Bar-20 Three xvi. 229 We was right—both ways.

1971 T. Shanin in P. Worsley Two Blades Grass ix. 269 In a ‘horizontal’ cooperative of the Soviet type a peasant was bound to lose both ways.

2008 K. H. Pechter Annuities for Dummies x. 136 With an ALDA [= Advanced Life Deferred Annuity], you win both ways. You live longer and you get the money.

Compounds

† both-hands n. Obsolete a servant who performs all kinds of tasks; a factotum; cf. right hand n. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > factotum

both-hands1631

man Fridaya1809

factotum1824

man-of-all-work1830

bottle washer1835

bumboy1907

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre i. iv. 8 in Wks. II He is his Masters both-hands, I assure you.

† both-side adj. Obsolete proceeding or originating from both sides.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective] > from a like source on both sides

both-side1623

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Ded. sig. ¶3^v By Vertue met in both-side Royall blood.

1647 Cromwells Panegyrick (single sheet) When he has restor'd his both-side fees, Hee'll be as poor, or they as rich as hee's.

Derivatives

† both-like adj. Obsolete resembling both, like both.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > like each other

likec1330

uniform1549

of one (or a) scantling1551

resemblinga1586

both-like1629

1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 145 Twixt God and Man: Is now brought forth to both, of both-like Nature.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	both
释义	bothpron.adv.adj. Brit. /bəʊθ/, U.S. /boʊθ/ Forms: α. (Chiefly northern in later use) late Old English–early Middle English baðe, early Middle English baþen, early Middle English baða, early Middle English baðen, Middle English baȝ, Middle English baith, Middle English baithe, Middle English bath, Middle English bathe, Middle English baþ, Middle English baþe, Middle English baye, Middle English bayhe, Middle English bayth; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s beeath; Scottish pre-1700 baetht, pre-1700 baicht, pre-1700 baithe, pre-1700 baitht, pre-1700 bathe, pre-1700 batht, pre-1700 bathte, pre-1700 bavth, pre-1700 baycht, pre-1700 bayt, pre-1700 bayth, pre-1700 baythe, pre-1700 baytht, pre-1700 beith, pre-1700 beth, pre-1700 beyth, pre-1700 1700s bath, pre-1700 1700s–1800s beath, pre-1700 1700s– baeth (now Shetland), pre-1700 1700s– baith, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland) baid, 1900s beeth. β. early Middle English boden, early Middle English boðe, early Middle English boðen, Middle English boaþe, Middle English bode, Middle English boȝ, Middle English boith, Middle English boithe, Middle English boiþ, Middle English boiþe, Middle English booþ, Middle English booþe, Middle English botȝ, Middle English bothee, Middle English bothen, Middle English bothene, Middle English bothin, Middle English bothne, Middle English botho (transmission error), Middle English botht, Middle English bothte, Middle English bothyn, Middle English botthe, Middle English boþ, Middle English boþe, Middle English boþen, Middle English boþin, Middle English boy, Middle English boye, Middle English boyen, Middle English boyhe, Middle English boyin, Middle English boyt, Middle English boythe, Middle English boyyn, Middle English buth, Middle English–1500s boothe, Middle English–1500s boyth, Middle English–1600s boeth, Middle English–1600s bothe, Middle English 1600s bouth, Middle English–1700s booth, Middle English– both, 1500s boȝth, 1500s bowth, 1500s–1800s boath; Scottish pre-1700 boath, pre-1700 boith, pre-1700 bothe, pre-1700 botht, pre-1700 boyith, pre-1700 boyth, pre-1700 1700s– both. γ. early Middle English beoðe, Middle English beth, Middle English bethe, Middle English beþ, Middle English beþe. Genitive (in early use chiefly in sense C. 4): α. Scottish pre-1700 batheis. β. Middle English bothes, Middle English botheyrs, Middle English bothus, Middle English bothys, Middle English boþe, Middle English boþes, Middle English boþis, 1600s–1700s 1900s– both's. γ. Middle English bethe. See also bothen adj., bother adj. Origin: Partly (i) formed within English, by compounding. Partly (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymons: bo adj., tho pron.¹ and adj. Etymology: Probably partly (i) < bo adj. + tho pron.¹ and adj., specifically as a coalescence of the Old English (feminine and neuter nominative and accusative) forms bā and þā (compare bo adj. Additions for a construction in which this collocation occurred), and partly (ii) directly < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic báðir , Old Norwegian báði (Norwegian både ), Old Swedish baþir (Swedish båda ), Old Danish bāthæ (Danish baade )), cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian bēthe , beithe , Old Dutch beithe (Middle Dutch beide , bēde , Dutch beide ), Old Saxon bēðia , bēðie , bēðea (Middle Low German beide , beide , beyde ), Old High German beide , bēde (Middle High German beide , bēde , German beide ) < the Germanic base of bo adj. + the Germanic base of tho pron.¹ and adj. Compare bothen adj., bother adj.Forms in Germanic. It is unclear whether Gothic bajoþs (plural) shows a similar formation ultimately < the Germanic base of bo adj. + the Germanic base of tho pron.¹ and adj., or whether it rather derives from a suffixed or extended form (perhaps compare month n.¹) of the Germanic base of bo adj. For a full discussion of formations in the Germanic languages see further A. S. C. Ross & J. Berns in J. Gvozdanović Indo-European Numerals (1992) 171–5. Origin as a development within English. In the Old English construction from which the word probably partly derives (see bo adj. Additions), in which forms of bēgen ‘both’ immediately precede (plural) forms of the demonstrative determiner þā tho pron.¹ and adj. (i.e. the same elements as those ultimately underlying the formation in Scandinavian and continental West Germanic), both elements are inflected and retain their individual meaning (‘both those’, ‘both the’). Although not frequent, the construction does not appear to show foreign influence. In West Saxon the feminine and neuter nominative and accusative forms are attested as būtū þā (with a form of two adj. intervening; compare bo adj. e), but it is likely that non-West Saxon varieties of Old English would have had bā þā , although this is attested only once (in a late manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chron.: see quot. lOE at bo adj. Additions). This latter collocation could yield forms of both adj. by phonological reduction of the second element (compare quot. c1200 at sense C. 1b, which could be interpreted as showing an intermediate stage). However, it is disputed whether the Old English collocation bā þā was frequent enough to explain the emergence of both adj. in Middle English, and it is likely that the formation was at least strongly reinforced by Scandinavian influence. Notes on forms. A number of forms of the word in Middle English can be explained either by the influence of Scandinavian inflected forms or by development within English, whether deriving originally from forms of bo adj. and tho pron.¹ and adj. or by more general analogy. The (non-genitival) forms in -n may have arisen by analogy with Old English bēgen , masculine nominative of bo adj., under the influence of early Scandinavian forms (compare e.g. Old Danish bāthen neuter nominative and accusative of bāthæ ), or may reflect the Middle English plural ending -en -en suffix³. See further bothen adj. and discussion at that entry. The γ. forms in -e- , apparently showing i-mutation of the stem vowel, probably reflect Scandinavian influence (compare Old Icelandic bæði , neuter nominative and accusative of báðir ), although compare also Old English bǣm , dative of bo adj. Forms of the genitive in -r- (see forms at bother adj.) show the reflex of the Old English (strong) genitive plural ending -ra , although comparable Scandinavian inflections of the present word could also have served as a model (compare e.g. Old Norwegian báðra , genitive of báði ). With α. forms at bother adj. showing the stem vowel ei or e compare Old English bēgra , genitive of bo adj. With the form botheyrs at β. forms compare β. forms at bother adj. Forms of the genitive in -n (see forms at bothen adj.) probably show the reflex of the Old English weak genitive plural ending -ena . Forms of the genitive in -s show addition of the genitive (singular) ending -s . The forms baȝ at α. forms and boȝ at β. forms both occur in manuscripts where ȝ is often written where þ is expected, and have therefore been taken as showing the present word rather than bo adj. Similarly, forms such as baye, bayhe at α. forms and boy, boye, boyen at β. forms are treated here on the grounds of their occurrence in manuscripts which regularly show y for þ (see further discussion at th n.¹). Notes on constructions. With both two at Phrases 1 compare bo adj. e. The constructions of both in English follow those of the earlier bo adj. and to some extent those of all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. A. pron. 1. a. With reference to two things, people, or groups previously specified: the two (without exception); the one as well as the other.See also either of both at either pron. 5b, neither of both at neither pron. 1b, whether of (the) both at whether pron., adj., conj.¹, and n. Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [noun] > both the one and the otherOE boc1000 eitherOE bothlOE either other1526 lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1127 He wolde hauen baðe on hand. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 250 Baþe wærenn alde. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 694 (MED) He wile beþe Heye hangen on galwe-tre. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1832 Boþe þan as bliue a-sented. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 21 (MED) Bothe were leyde unto the erthe. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxxix King Richard had bene in greate ieopardie either of priuacion of his realme or losse of his life or both. 1584 G. Whetstone Mirour for Magestrates f. 27^v The Coueitous man is the worst of both. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. xiii. §7 For exemple of beath, and to conclud this treatesse. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 106 He..resents his Wounds; His ignominious Flight, the Victor's boast, And more than both, the Loves, which unreveng'd he lost. View more context for this quotation 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 197. ⁋13 The old gentlewoman considered herself wiser than both. 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 206 Both with tender, studious care promoted her every wish. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 113 Both were Tories: both were men of hot temper and strong prejudices. 1894 F. Clarke tr. A. Holm Hist. Greece I. xx. 252 In Greece state and city are one, and both are designated by the word ‘Polis’. 1944 Princeton Alumni Weekly 12 May 13/3 Two classmates..are hospitalized, but we are happy to report that both are doing well. 1985 R. Howard tr. R. Barthes Responsibility of Forms i. 69 Religious theater or civic theater? Both together, of course. 2002 D. Aitkenhead Promised Land ix. 91 Girls wore spray-tight trousers.., boys came as ironic tramps in woolly hats, and both wore gigantic trainers. †b. With singular agreement, in the same sense. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Hii^v Let no man the flatter, nor no man flatter thou For both is lyke errour. 1598 F. Meres tr. Luis de Granada Sinners Guyde i. vii. 73 The proportion of mans departure and entrance into this world is notable: for both is full of sorrowes. a1667 J. Fergusson Brief Refut. Errors (1692) ii. 74 The Kingdom of Heaven is compared to a man that sowed Wheat, and the wicked one comes and sowes his Tares among it, and both is bidden let grow till the Harvest. 1721 R. Keith tr. Thomas à Kempis Valley of Lilies ii, in tr. Thomas à Kempis Select Pieces II. xi. 22 Both is a very great Evil. 2. With the. a. The two; the pair. Now colloquial or regional. ΚΠ ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 269 It turnes bot tille þe boþe, if Gode's grace may stond. 1533 T. More Apologye sig. Fiii Whych of the bothe hym selfe taketh for the chyef appereth. 1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs i. f. 5 Which was the wysest of the both, the littell trull or thou? 1654 J. Chetwind Dead Speaking (title page) Two severall Speeches delivered at the Funeralls of the both by William Thomas, B. D. Joyned. 1659 W. Hicks Ἀποκάλυψις Ἀποκάλυψεως ii. 114 Is God and Truth grown less lovely then at first? Or were you mistaken then in the right objects of your love? I rather fear, of the both, that the God of the world hath blinded you. 1793 W. G. Plocquet Initia Bibliothecae I. 509 The genuine use of hot and cold baths with the Wunderfall use of the both. 1841 H. T. Tuckerman Rambles & Reveries xxvii. 407 I don't mean to say nothin' agin Seth Plumfield nor agin his sugar, for the both is as good as you'd need to have. 1887 H. Whitfield Mr. Balfour's Instruments & Victims 10 Those with whom Mr. Murphy had long been familiar, and who knew most about the both. 1910 A. Quiller-Couch Corporal Sam & Other Stories 72 ‘Something has bewitched them,’ I persisted. ‘Either the wine or that devil's toy of yours has hold of them: or the both, belike.’ 1995 J. Collins Booing the Bishop 11 ‘Will I play “Goodnight, Irene” or “I Discovered a Bum-Bum-Bum” for you?’ he asked, resting the mouth organ on his lower lip. Mrs Dalton said nothing... ‘Right then, I'll do you the both.’ b. colloquial and regional. the both of us, you, them, etc.: the two people or things mentioned or implied, regarded together.See sense A. 4 for similar use without the. ΚΠ 1843 Jack's Edition of Life at Sea xv. 115 Now there you are, the both of you, brought up for punishment. 1899 S. MacManus In Chimney Corners 190 And the both of them..keening and ochoning, one louder nor another. 1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xxiii. 262 I'll make a nice pot of tea for the both of us. 1989 G. Vanderhaeghe Homesick ix. 124 You keep yourselves and your boots off the hood of that truck or I'll brain the both of you! 2010 J. McGregor Even Dogs (2011) iii. 90 Skinny buggers the both of them, needle-thin, all hands and arms. 3. In the genitive: of or belonging to the two people or things previously mentioned together. ΚΠ a1425 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Linc. Inn) (1927) l. 1507 (MED) Treowenes was y-take..by boþes [a1475 Harl. botheyrs] red. 1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ocland Valiant Actes & Victorious Battailes Eng. Nation sig. B.iiii Requested by the Flaunders Earle on causes of great weight For to consult, to bothes behoofe. 1616 B. Parsons Magistrates Charter 26 Judge no cause in hand, Before boths talke thou understand. 1685 A. Tyler Mem. Life & Actions Jhon the Great ii. 19 Strife 'twixt Uncle, and Nephew did not dy, But did descend to both's Posterity. 1715 R. Wodrow Let. 13 May in Corr. (1843) II. 38 That the business be tried, and both sides allowed to counter-question both's witnesses. 1790 Town & Country Mag. June 258/2 I will kneel, and plead With energy, by both's distress inspir'd, Your cause. 1857 C. Reade in Harper's new Monthly Mag. Dec. 109/2 I don't know whether it was my fault or hers, or both's, but we could never mix. 1929 E. Wilson I thought of Daisy v. 300 Dad..and another man ran into each other as Dad was coming out of a garage. It was really both's fault. 2006 A. Sisman Friendship x. 323 One of the poems..could have been written by either man, and is included in the standard editions of both's work. 4. With of. Preceding a plural pronoun: the two of; the one as well as the other of; the pair of. In later use also preceding a plural noun modified by the or a possessive adjective. ΚΠ 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 101 Bothe of hem were riche. 1526 Grete Herball sig. X.iv^v/1 There be two kyndes of stycados.., and bothe of them be appropryed to the synewes and the brayne. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 626 Both of them knew how to commaund. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxii. 8 They went both of them together. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. i. 18 The hard Reine which both of them hath borne. 1669 S. Pepys Diary 28 Mar. (1976) IX. 500 Both of whom I did give joy. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 178 I told her the History of my Lancashire Marriage, and how both of us had been Disappointed. 1752 H. Fielding Amelia III. ix. 183 The finest Ladies in the World will sometimes love..with great Fury and Violence, tho' both of these are equally inconsistent with a fine Lady's artificial Character. 1800 J. Moore Mordaunt I. xv. 196 His complaints..would be more effectually removed by exercise and temperance, both of which he hated. 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 122/1 Both of the children were very beautiful. 1908 G. M. Fenn Sir Hilton's Sin xxii. 258 ‘Be quiet, both of you,’ cried Sir Hilton. 1965 I. Macleod Hansard Commons 17 Nov. 1165/1 We now have..not just inflation on the one side or stagnation on the other, but both of them together. 1992 Field & Stream Mar. 118/2 The relationship..although short-lived, must have touched one or both of their hearts. 2014 H. MacDonald H is for Hawk v. 46 Both of us were wiped out from yesterday's long drive. B. adv. 1. In correlative constructions with and. a. both —— and ——.In constructions where both precedes coordinated elements which are nouns or noun phrases (e.g. ‘both her mother and her father came to visit’), both could be regarded as a determiner modifying the two noun phrases (cf. sense C. 1); however, in constructions where the correlated elements are not noun phrases (e.g. ‘both just and kind’, ‘both by day and by night’), both is more clearly adverbial.As both..and corresponds to Latin et..et, both in this sense has traditionally often been classed as a conjunction. (a) With two coordinated words, phrases, or clauses, emphasizing the inclusion of both (and not only one) of the elements specified: not only —— but —— .In earlier use sometimes preceded by a genitive.From the 19th century onwards, many usage guides have recommended that the clauses which follow both and and should mirror one another structurally (as they do, for example, in quots. 1611 and 1914). However, instances where they do not have been common in standard English from the Middle English period onwards (see, for example, quots. c1405, 1782). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > both [conjunction] both —— and ——lOE and‥anda1225 lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1124 Dauid his broðer, þa wæs eorl on Norðhamtunescire, feng to rice and hæfde ða baðe togedere þone kinerice on Scotlande & þone eorldom on Englelande. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Þa namen hi þa men.., bathe be nihtes & be dæies, carlmen & wimmen, & diden heom in prisun. c1200 Incipits & Explicits in H. Wanley Catal. Librorum Septentrionalium (1705) 233 Ure Drihte þe gef boðe þe olde lage and þe newe. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 143 For to deme baþe þe gode and þe uuele. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 958 Alle him loueden,..Boþen heyemen and lowe. c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 497 Boþe ich and Merci, We beclepeþ þe dom for-þi. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 59 The person of the toun..In purpos was to maken hir his heir Bothe of his catel and his Mesuage. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 86 I xal send for hem bothyn fer and nere. 1528 D. Lindsay Dreme Prol. 20 Because vnblomit was baith bank and braye. 1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London ii. E ij For I must to the wedding Both vauntingly and flauntingly, although I had no bidding. 1611 J. Maxwell Mirrour Relig. Men 137 An outward demonstration of his pietie and faith,..both for the edifying of men, and for the more celebrious glorifying of God. a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) vi. 24 A faire image of this young Gentlemans both wants and weaknesses. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 118 All its both Motion and Rest, come under our Idea of Necessary. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. i. xxiv. 197 He had both publickly and privatly conflicted with the adversaries. 1782 R. Griffith Variety 56 You, I am sure, are as steady as a rock, both in love and war. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 375 This idle argument is the favourite, both shield and sword, of the Romanists. 1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 3) I. viii. 114 It is both severe and indulgent. 1914 Kokka 25 89/1 He was good both at the improvisation of poems and at handwriting. 1931 Flying Mag. Mar. 15/2 I have made many such towed flights and have reached the end of my rope, both literally and figuratively. 1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie vii. 162 Frank both was and was not a prude. 2014 Baltimore Sun (Nexis) 12 Nov. c1 Classic drinks become both sweeter and earthier after they've aged in a barrel. (b) With more than two coordinated words, phrases, or clauses. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adverb] > both both —— and ——c1400 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 443 Bothe flesche & fissche and many other vitailles; Bothe bred and ale, butter, melke, and chese. 1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) i. sig. bv^v/2 She was also both Ioly faire and gode. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 351 Bothe prelates, bysshoppes, abbottes, barownes, and knyghtes. 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Eiij^v Both fauour, sauour, hew, and qualities. View more context for this quotation 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxviii. 283 Rewardes..giue all kinde of hartning..both to Masters, Vshers, and Schollars. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 38 To help them; both by awakening of them, counselling of them, and proffering to help them. View more context for this quotation a1741 C. Fiennes Through Eng. on Side Saddle (1888) 238 The most exactest workmanship in y^e wood carving..both in figures, fruitages, beasts, birds, flowers. 1782 S. Johnson Let. 2 Mar. (1994) IV. 15 Both Williams, and Desmoulins and myself are very sickly. 1842 T. De Quincey Pope in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 404/1 For both Chaucer, and Shakespeare, and Milton. 1889 H. Weir Our Cats 16 Long-haired cats..are very diversified, both in form, colour, and the quality of the hair. 1912 R. B. Cunninghame Graham Charity 12 Whilst still permitting her to give full run to minor eccentricities, both in speech, deed and dress. 1942 Man 42 113/2 Both in Minoan, in Phœnician, and in Greek, a decimal system of numeration was in use. 2012 Church Times 20 Apr. 25/1 Some people talk about how to read and understand both books, readers, and understanding itself. b. —— and —— both: with two coordinated words, phrases, or clauses, emphasizing the inclusion of each (and not only one) of the elements specified (now chiefly colloquial or regional). In early use also occasionally †—— and —— both two; cf. Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adverb] > both both twoc1275 both the two?1473 —— and —— both two1483 bilaterally1849 ambilaterally1934 c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 29 Þe hehnesse of meiðhad..bihald as of heh alle widewen under hire ant weddede baðe. a1250 Lofsong Lefdi (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 205 Ich habbe i-suneged ine mete and in drunche boðe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 221 (MED) Þe werwolf & þe wilde hert were a-weye boþe. 1467 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 534 He had shreuyn Master Brakley, and howsyllyd hym bothe. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1185 My brothir loved hym..and all hys brethirn and the kynge bothe. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xi. f. cij^v The scorpyon..byteth and styngeth bothe two at ones. 1553 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughmans Crede sig. A.ii^v The cofres of christendom, and the keie bothen. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie sig. Fiii Discharge me..Of burglary, and felony, both two. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Gg.i^v It shall be good for him & me bothe. 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 To Rdr. sig. A5 Malice marres logike and charitie both. 1684 Bp. G. Burnet in tr. T. More Utopia Pref. sig. A7 His setting out so barbarous a practice..is so wild and so immoral both. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels I. 7 When Matters so fall out that we cannot attend to Mercy and Sacrifice both. 1796 J. G. Holman Abroad & at Home iii. ii. 73 He knows Dicky here in his real and masquerade character both. 1839 B. Disraeli Let. 28 Feb. (1987) III. 150 A thousand thanks: you are a library and a librarian both. 1887 M. B. Harvey Musical Stud. at Home xiv. 158 If you play and sing both,..people will follow the voice rather than the organ. 1904 V. Brown Magdalen's Husband xxvii. 268 I wish you'd keep an eye on the lass, motherless and silly both. 1961 R. P. Hobson Rancher takes Wife iii. 56 You stepped on my bum leg and my hand both. 2010 P. Auster Sunset Park iv. 61 In other words, his father said to him.., she ditched us. You and me both, kid. †2. In negative constructions, emphasizing the exclusion of each (and not only one) of the two elements specified. Cf. either adv. 4b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > neither nouthereOE no morec1385 both1485 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xviii. v. sig. v.v^v Of that I will not fayle yow, nor her bothe. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 24 This snake..sunck downe from Altar cleane, without both harme or noyse. C. adj. (determiner). 1. With a plural noun (denoting the members of a pair), or a noun phrase coordinated by and (cf. sense B. 1a). a. In constructions with both immediately following a noun (or a noun phrase coordinated by and). (a) Following a noun which is the subject of the clause. In early use also following a noun which is object or complement (later only in occasional, typically poetic, use). ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 488 Ta twa prestess wærenn a-Aroness suness baþe. c1330 St. Katherine (Auch.) l. 59 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 243/1 Glewemen herd sche miri sing, Wiþ pipes & wiþ trompes boþe. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 96 Anoon I wisshe myn hondis both [e] . c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 834 This on nyght wele vs loueris bothe sle. 1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. B.iv No more of this wranglyng in my chyrch I shrewe your hartys bothe for this lurche. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xliiii. 378/1 Shall I presume with such a man to marrie, At whom my parents both do so repine? 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 166 The Consuls both did then decree The Senate should assembled be. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxxiv. 220 You and I both are farre more worthy of pardon, then a great rabble of squint-minded fellowes. 1661 M. Nedham Short Hist. Eng. Rebell. 6 'Twas for the Crown The Houses both did fight. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. cxvii. 371 His sisters both drove away yesterday, God be thanked. 1794 J. Charnock Biogr. Navalis II. 328 The French ships both surrendered. 1841 Mechanics' Mag. 35 72 Sir Joseph and I both called them oars, or revolving oars. 1855 Dear Annie (1856) 71 She has seen her parents both, and two sweet sisters fair, All laid within the silent tomb. 1875 W. Besant & J. Rice With Harp & Crown I. ix. 178 His eyes both dropped as in very weariness. 1919 Mediator 8 Aug. 12/1 Max and Morris both agree on that. 1972 Tri-State Defender 18 Nov. 9 The two teams both defeated Melrose in hard fought games. 2008 D. Carr Night of Gun i. 8 My legs both hurt, but in remarkably different ways. (b) For emphasis in forms of address to two people. Now archaic and rare. ΚΠ 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 47 You my good Lords both, haue well proceeded To warne false traitours from the like attempts. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 286 Fare you wel gentlemen both . View more context for this quotation 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre v. iv. 81 in Wks. II What, so malicious? will ye murder me, Masters both, i' mine owne house? 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xviii. 85 My dear Ladies both, Adieu. 1834 J. S. Knowles Beggar of Bethnal Green iii. i. 94 Come, Kate!—come fathers both. 1840 L. Hunt Legend of Florence ii. i. 28 My dear friends both, What you were saying of the good future time Made me but think too sadly of the present. 1945 J. Farnol ‘Piping Times’ v. 23 ‘I'm “Tom”, dear Aunts both, pray remember,’ said he. b. In constructions with both followed by determiner or possessive and then a noun. Cf. both of at sense A. 4. ΚΠ c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Hatton) v. 7 Ða comen hyo & gefelden baða þa [OE Corpus Cambr. butu þa] scype swa þæt hyo neh wæren gesencten. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7713 Wo so bi king willames daye slou hert oþer hind, Me ssolde pulte oute boþe is eye. c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 10 (MED) Þay trumpped appon bathe þe parties. c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 20 (MED) Tak bathe thyn handis. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3432 (MED) Bothe hys Armes on hym he sprad. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 84 Thay..in auld tymes had baith y^e kynds in publick vse. 1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 31 Laughter holding both his sides. 1695 J. Norris Lett. conc. Love of God x. 233 We are therefore to cast both these Loves into one and the same Chanel. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 263. ⁋6 Both your Sisters are crying to see the Passion which I smother. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 72 Baith the Shaws, Wha aft hae made us black and blae. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. iv. 42 She boxed both my ears. 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 172 The perfection of both these passages..is quite insuperable. 1940 A. M. Lindbergh Diary 24 June in War within & Without (1980) 117 Both the men are so attentive, jumping up to shut doors lest I catch cold. 1966 G. Parks Choice of Weapons xviii. 191 Sally took one look and immediately lost both her earrings. 2011 V. Roth Divergent xxv. 316 Both my shoulders sting from the tattoo needle. c. In constructions with both immediately preceding a noun, without determiner or possessive (cf. sense C. 1b). ΚΠ a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2653 (MED) On boþe sides was slayn muche puple. ?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 312 (MED) Þer were shewed the condiciouns..of þe acorde of boþe sydes ywriten. a1500 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Douce) l. 2636* in K. Brunner Mittelengl. Vers-roman über Richard Löwenherz (1913) 224 (MED) He carf þe chayne þat þei myth se, þat bothyn endys fellyn jn þe see. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie Pref. 26 A solemne declaration made on both parts. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. v. 262 Never saw I glove that would serve both hands. 1690 J. Child Disc. Trade vi. 121 Both parties desire an end of their Differences. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 499. ¶2 Very agreeable young People of both Sexes. 1798 Anti-Jacobin 9 July 284/2 Much may be said on both sides. 1835 W. G. Sims Yemassee II. xxiii. 201 The Englishman leaped upon him with both feet. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. v. 206 In Russia..it is customary to give both dates. 1917 P. H. Davis Football x. 152 Both teams play stubbornly, the ball surging back and forth across the centre line. 1958 J. Weidman Enemy Camp vi. 117 Aunt Tessie cut open a roll and smeared both halves with butter. 2004 N. Govinden We are New Romantics 40 After we'd said hi, briefly kissing on both cheeks, he offered me a cigarette. d. In constructions with both between a determiner or possessive and a noun. Now chiefly colloquial. ΚΠ c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 128 (MED) Al þat is schewid or seid in þe booþ seid placis of þe booþe seid treticis. a1475 Bk. Hawking in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 297 Knyt the bothe endes with a threde. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria iii. f. 29 The length..fro the both toppys of his myddell fyngers, whan he makethe a vadome. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. sig. Aii^v The middle partes nother bulke vp, nother shrink down more then the bothe endes. ?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses iii. 43 To plate the both hornes round about with gold. 1649 E. Rainbow Serm. Interring Countess Suffolk 2 A King whose both hands God had filled with blessings of every kind. 1830 J. W. Warter tr. Aristophanes Knights in Acharnians, Knights, Wasps 85 He..with his both hands, scoops up from the public funds. 1867 New Monthly Mag. Apr. 480 I've looked, sir, as hard as my both eyes can stare. 1939 C. H. Madge & T. Harrisson Brit. by Mass-observ. iv. 134 What the public wants is some tough guy, Only who can let his both fists fly. 1976 Z. Depolo tr. M. Krleža On Edge of Reason iv. 62 He..bent toward me and took me by my both arms, as if I were a child. 1993 S. Stewart Ramlin Rose xv. 148 One of us could take the both boats into the lock. 2. With a plural pronoun (denoting the members of a pair). a. Immediately following (or in early use preceding) a subject or object pronoun. Also in both which. Cf. sense C. 3, and both of us, both of whom, etc., at sense A. 4. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3300 Ðeȝȝ baþe forenn ham. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 29 Nan ðare þinge ðe hie baðe muȝen don. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2543 (MED) I shal do slou hem baþe. a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Pilgrim of St. James (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Bothe Sain peter and sain Iam him mette, And baþe thai gan his wai to lette. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 271 He myghte doon vs bathe [c1415 Corpus Oxf. boþe, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 bothe] a vileynye. ?1467 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 198 (MED) He claymeth londe of my graunt fadir is yifte and money both which shold be owyng to hym. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 49 Bothe they toke eche a good palfroye. ?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. B.vi The soule of man or..the chirche, bothe whiche is called in scrypture a spyrytuall erthe. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiii^v So long as you both shall liue. 1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange* 43 Then would yt..make bothe theme the better to love one another. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 242 The time 'twixt six & now Must by vs both be spent most preciously. View more context for this quotation c1688 H. Herbert in R. Warner Epistolary Curiosities (1818) 1st Ser. 72 We both intend, God willing, to set forward for London on Munday next. 1705 J. Browne Secret Hist. Queen Zarah i. 81 He sends for Salopius and Hippolito, both whom persisted in their Innocence. 1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man iv. ii Baw! damn me, but I'll fight you both. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 63 They both speak of death. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 114 The papers found in the strong box..had converted them both to the true faith. 1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem vi. 56 We both have the same aim in view. 1999 SL (Cape Town) June 108/2 There are two kinds of turns.., both which are accomplished by applying..pressure to the heel or toe of your front foot. 2002 C. Manby Getting Personal xiv. 144 ‘What are you having?’ the waiter asked them both. b. Modifying an anaphoric demonstrative or possessive pronoun. ΚΠ 1479 Earl Rivers tr. Cordyal (Caxton) iv. ii In bothe these they shal finde cause to be saciate. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. i. sig. Aii Both these, for loue to wed with me fonde are. 1569 R. Crowley Setting open Subtyle Sophistrie T. Watson i. 68 He..asked that one of his owne eyes might be put out, for then he knewe that the other should loose both his. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 190 Both these make the paine somwhat acute or stinging. 1662 Duchess of Newcastle Youths Glory i. i, in Playes Written 125 Come, come Wife, the Girls wit will out-argue both ours. a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 161 It is well they afford us both these. 1778 F. Burney Evelina II. xxi. 199 Unhappily I caught his eye;—both mine, immediately, were bent to the ground. 1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris xi. 226 The standard..of manners, is high in France,—and the standard of their conversation is still higher,—but in the substantials of knowledge and conduct, they are below both these. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. xi. 273 I arrested his wandering hand, and prisoned it in both mine. 1933 M. Lowry Let. in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 131 To hell with being Lowry the Writer & Lowry the Man..—I may be a failure at both those. 1982 Black Belt May 70/2 His hands are occupied, both mine are ready. 2009 J. Heaton Table Tennis vi. 25/1 The first attacking strokes to learn are the forehand and backhand drive. Both these are played with a closed bat angle. 3. In apposition to a plural noun or pronoun (denoting the members of a pair) or a noun phrase coordinated by and, with intervening verb or other element. †a. Separated from the noun or pronoun by a main verb. Also (in early use): with intervening noun, adverbial, etc. Obsolete.When referring to the subject of a sentence, both was in early Middle English usually separated from it, and placed after the verb or whole predication. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7636 Symeon..ȝaff hemm blettsinnȝe baþe. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1680 Loke þat ye comen beþe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2275 (MED) Y saw hem riȝt now boþe. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. vi. 1274 Þey [printed þoy] worcheþ beþ [emended in ed. to boþ; a1425 Pierpont Morgan boþe] yliche. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 793 Al for noght þai ette it bath. c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 625 As þey stoode talkyng boþen in feere. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1852 Thus Iangelyng to ech othir, endenting euery pase, They entrid both in-to the hall. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 2nd Serm. sig. Dvii^v Within ii. dayes they chylded both. 1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 505 Nowe might I..requite your tenne differences..to proue them fools both. 1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 29 They frolique both in glory. 1652 R. Loveday tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Præludia: 1st Pt. iii. i. 205 They fell both to the Earth, where they began to rowle o're each other with a most dreadfull fury. 1698 E. Freke Diary 13 Apr. in Remembrances (2001) 70 They came both to London safe, which was a greatt mercy to mee. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Leeward-tide is when the Tide and Wind go both one Way. a1765 Sir Cawlire ii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. lxi. 58/1 Knights and lordes they woed her both. 1842 J. C. Prince Hours with Muses (ed. 3) 85 Some strange thing Had made them glad, for they were laughing both. 1852 Weekly Return Births & Deaths in London 3 Jan. 2 The son and daughter of a willow-weaver, aged 3 years and 6 years, died both on 23d December of small-pox. 1900 M. Gray World's Mercy iv. 102 We sinned? Oh, yes, indeed we sinned both, but only I suffered! b. Separated from the noun or pronoun by a copular verb or an auxiliary. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adjective] > both either bothOE boc1000 botha1225 eitherc1300 outhera1450 a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 223 Þa weran boðe [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 butu] deadlice. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 10 Noðeles ha were wel baðe. c1300 St. Andrew (Harl.) l. 3 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 543 (MED) Fischeres hi were boþe. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2469 (MED) For we be bothen of o kinde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9734 (MED) For we er bath of a strenght. c1460 Ipomedon (Longleat) (1889) 356 (MED) They were both in blak. 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Div^v You are both as constant as snowe in the sunne. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 87^v I wish you were both married. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 255 They were both equall in state and condition. a1672 F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 192 His fellows must both strike at him. 1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body iv. 49 I don't know which of you have done it; but you shall both suffer for it. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 201 We were both too delicate to communicate what we felt to each other. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) x. 98 We are both men of the world. 1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune I. vii. 105 They seem both very kind. 1909 W. D. Orcutt Spell xxxi. 348 I wish that you and your wife might both have come into my life earlier. 1974 H. Secombe Twice Brightly 75 You'll both be finished in this house if there's any more hanky-panky. 2014 A. Todd After we Fell xl. 222 I'm not following anyone. Tessa or Tessa Number Two. They can both go to hell. 4. With a plural possessive adjective: of or belonging to the two people specified; belonging or connected to the two of us, them, etc. Cf. bo adj. c, all adj. 5.Originally as a parallel construction to similar constructions with different genitive forms of both adj. (see bothen adj., bother adj.); once the adjectival genitive in such constructions had been reanalysed as a separate adjective the construction without inflection of both arose as a further alternative to (and ultimately replacement of) the earlier constructions.In later use (now only colloquial), where reference is to the sharing or possession of a single object the noun is sometimes plural by attraction, e.g. ‘she is both their mothers’, ‘it is both your faults’. a. Following a plural possessive adjective.In early use perhaps still apprehended as following the genitive of a plural personal pronoun, the original type of this construction (compare discussion at bother adj.). †(a) In the genitive. Cf. bothen adj., bother adj. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1388 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 294 The forsaid wode sall neuir be giffin na sald of nethir of the partes bot with thair batheis assent. c1430 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C. (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1878) l. 83 But for ȝoure boþis peynes I ȝow preye. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) ii. xviii. sig. dviii^v He caused me to leue myn owne shelde to our bothes destruction. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 176 (MED) Off Rede shall be your bothis wede. 1598 R. Carew Herrings Tayle sig. D4^v Reuenge, reuenge you then the sonnes foule iniurie, The fathers bitter griefe, and our bothes infamie. (b) Without inflection. Now rare and nonstandard. ΚΠ a1400 W. Langland Piers Plowman (Corpus Cambr.) (1873) C. iii. l. 67 Symonye and cyuyle sauh here boþe [a1400 Laud 656 boþers, c1400 Vesp. boþe, c1400 Huntington HM 137 boþeres, a1425 Fairf. beiþer; B text c1400 beire, c1450 Rawl. bethere, a1500 Oriel boþer] wil. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 123 Ther was swich diuersitee Bitwene hir bothe lawes. 1427 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 71 (MED) To the same John and Custance and to the heires of thair bothe bodyes lawefully be goten. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 3669 This was concludid bi ther bothe assent. c1450 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Arms) (1927) l. 1507 (MED) Trewes [þay] gan take xij mothe [read monthe] wyt her bethe [v.r. aythers] rede. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 49/1 [To be] here as a saintuary man to their both dishonour and obloquy. 1536 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 509 Ye take uppon you to set order bothe to them and Us, your bothe Sovereigne. 1654 A. Cokayne tr. G. F. Loredano Dianea ii. 115 Dianea..descended into the Cave to make Floridea acquainted with their both concerning miseries. ?1749 in S. W. von Dewitz Dissertatio Historico-iuridica de Langobardis sig. )(4 Then do fulfill the Wishes of our both native Soil. 1838 B. von Arnim Diary of Child 209 From your both united love emanated their happiness. 1941 J. Stalin Let. 14 Nov. in S. Butler My Dear Mr. Stalin (2005) 54 The Soviet Government has no objections to the establishment of organizational forms of cooperation between the Red Cross Societies of our both countries. b. Preceding a plural possessive adjective. ΚΠ a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) l. 170 Purtrayde was þer both her loue. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 65 I have both theire hedis. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3286 (MED) But bothe oure hoostis shall nyghe nere. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxxv While the kyng and the Emperor loked on the letter, a sodein noyse rose emongest bothe their subiectes, that it was a letter of defiance. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. ii. 51 Both our remedies With in thy help and holy phisicke lies. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 159 Were you both our mothers. View more context for this quotation 1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. i. 155 Both their haire was as white as was possible. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. ix It was both our misfortunes, that he committed the whole affair to the Care..of his Bookseller. a1713 A. Pitcairn Assembly (1722) v. iii. 106 The Dogs shall lick both their Bloods yet. 1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote II. v. v. 35 These Sentiments which now cause both our Unhappiness. 1816 L. Fitz-Aubyn Lavinia Fitz-Aubyn III. 248 On my return I met the fair cause of both our sorrow. 1844 Metrop. Mag. May 156 This was the one grievance.., to see that dear fond object of both their love evidently declining. 1953 P. Hutchens Blue Cow at Sugar Creek ii. 17 It's both your faults! You tricked me! 1960 Billboard 15 Aug. 4/4 I'll bet we can come up with something that'll command the attention of these record collectors to both our advantage. 2010 M. McCarthy Hawk xxiii. 360 He could put an end to both their agony right now. Phrases P1. both the two: one and the other, both. Formerly also †both two (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adverb] > both both twoc1275 both the two?1473 —— and —— both two1483 bilaterally1849 ambilaterally1934 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1200 Mid childe hii weren boþe two [c1275 Calig. ba twa]. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 5733 (MED) Ȝut stondeþ boþe tuo. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 155 Byndez byhynde, at his bak, boþe two his handez. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 37^v This bataile was felonous & hard at begynnyng for bothe the two perties. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. ccli^v/2 They were bothe two armed. 1578 J. Polemon All Famous Battels 280 The hurt happened vnto both the two Generalles. 1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1453 Impleadging and waidging Both two their lives for mine. a1679 J. Moore New Georgraphy (1681) ii. ii. 4 Armenia is divided into the greater and lesser..; both the two are at present called Turcomania. 1735 J. Ogilvie tr. R. Menteith Hist. Troubles Great Brit. vii. 261 The House..voted that both the two were scandalous and seditious. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. xviii. 361 Both the two cities reached a high pitch of prosperity. 1869 E. S. P. Ward Gates Ajar 46 I kissed her eyes, both two of 'em. 1912 G. K. Chesterton Manalive ii. iv. 284 [He] appeared upon election day wearing the rosette of both the two opposing parties. 2009 K. Bird & H. Hill in D. Singh Southeast Asian Affairs 269 Since 2000, growth has averaged 5.1 per cent per annum, superior to both the two preceding decades. P2. both the twain: one and the other, both (now archaic and rare). Formerly also †both twain, †both tway (obsolete). ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 635 Naked war þai bath tway. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 3273 The hand, the hed of noble Tullius..Wer..brouhte bi Popilius, Vpon a stake set up bothe tweyne. ?1555 Ld. Morley tr. Petrarch Tryumphes sig. J.iii Both the twayne Decius. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Pref. sig. *vi From both twaine of them, wee drawe..the truth of our Scriptures. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets* xlii. sig. D^v Both finde each other, and I loose both twaine . View more context for this quotation 1637 M. Parker Two Inseparable Brothers (single sheet) If the one be cold or hot, that's common to both twaine. 1843 Fraser's Mag. June 734 Both the twain are gone. 1859 G. W. Dasent tr. P.C. Asbjørnsen & J. Moe Pop. Tales from Norse (ed. 2) 410 The fox had eaten both the twain, goose and duck. 1954 A. E. Watts tr. Ovid Metamorphoses ix. 213 Love..touched with equal pain The yet unpracticed hearts of both the twain. P3. between (also †atween) both: sustained or existing between two people or things; of the two; by the two. ΚΠ c1460 J. Lydgate Praise of Peace l. 174 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 791 Attween bothen..Crist Ihesus send vs pees. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xiii. 219 The argument was supported for some time between both with equal obstinacy. 1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend III. 162 The harmony in and between both. 1856 J. R. Ballantyne Aphor. Sánkhya Philos. 38 ‘Between both,’, i.e., between Soul, and not-Soul,..there is not an absolute non-difference. 2011 G. Toal & C. T. Dahlman Bosnia Remade ii. 49 The development of Serbian and Croatian nationalism in the early nineteenth century transformed it [sc. Bosnia-Herzegovina] into an object of competition between both. P4. both ways: in both respects. Formerly also †both the ways (obsolete).to cut both ways see cut v. 2b; to have it both ways see way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 1b(f); to work both ways see work v. Phrases 9. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Kii^v Bothe the wayes suche desyres be vnlawfull. 1532 in Gower's Confessione Amantis To Rdr. sig. aa.iij/1 For as moche as it may serue both weyes. 1629 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Eight Bks. Peloponnesian Warre ii. 114 Shew not your selues both wayes inferiour to your Ancestors. 1636 D. Calderwood Re-exam. Two Articles 173 The seventh day may bee considered both the wayes. 1711 Curate of Dorset's Answer to Curate of Salop's Expos. 16 A Monarch can govern his Kingdom democratically, a Common-wealth Monarchically, and an Aristocracy both ways. 1791 W. Taylor tr. G. E. Lessing Nathan the Wise (1805) v. 252 I'am a crazy looby, a credulous enthusiast—both ways mad. 1842 A. W. Pugin Let. 28 Apr. (2001) I. 343 After weighing the advantages both ways I decided on the Triple roofs. 1868 Railway Times 28 Mar. 351/1 They would gain both ways, both by developing traffic and saving expense. 1921 C. E. Mulford Bar-20 Three xvi. 229 We was right—both ways. 1971 T. Shanin in P. Worsley Two Blades Grass ix. 269 In a ‘horizontal’ cooperative of the Soviet type a peasant was bound to lose both ways. 2008 K. H. Pechter Annuities for Dummies x. 136 With an ALDA [= Advanced Life Deferred Annuity], you win both ways. You live longer and you get the money. Compounds † both-hands n. Obsolete a servant who performs all kinds of tasks; a factotum; cf. right hand n. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > factotum both-hands1631 man Fridaya1809 factotum1824 man-of-all-work1830 bottle washer1835 bumboy1907 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre i. iv. 8 in Wks. II He is his Masters both-hands, I assure you. † both-side adj. Obsolete proceeding or originating from both sides. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective] > from a like source on both sides both-side1623 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Ded. sig. ¶3^v By Vertue met in both-side Royall blood. 1647 Cromwells Panegyrick (single sheet) When he has restor'd his both-side fees, Hee'll be as poor, or they as rich as hee's. Derivatives † both-like adj. Obsolete resembling both, like both. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > like each other likec1330 uniform1549 of one (or a) scantling1551 resemblinga1586 both-like1629 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 145 Twixt God and Man: Is now brought forth to both, of both-like Nature. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < pron.adv.adj.lOE
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