| 单词 | to break bread |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto break bread Phrases P1. to break bread. a. To break bread into small or bite-sized pieces, esp. so as to share it with others; (more generally) to eat bread or food (with others); to share a meal. Now somewhat archaic.Also † to part bread (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb] > break bread for distribution to break breadeOE the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)] eatc825 to break breadeOE baitc1386 feeda1387 to take one's repast?1490 to take repast1517 repast1520 peck?1536 diet1566 meat1573 victual1577 graze1579 manger1609 to craw it1708 grub1725 scoff1798 browse1818 provender1819 muckamuck1853 to put on the nosebag1874 refect1882 restaurate1882 nosh1892 tucker1903 to muck in1919 scarf1960 snack1972 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xlix. 264 Leohte mettas þicge..& geslegen ægru & bread gebrocen on hat wæter. ?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xxviii, in Anglia (1881) 4 196 Þat evere more brekeþ bred At his houne bord. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3068 Elles brede mot I neuer breke. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 144 An honest maid as euer broke bread . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. ii. 46 The fellow that sits next him, now parts bread with him. View more context for this quotation 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 171 I'm a poor Wiltshire lad.—I ha'n't a shirt in the world... I han't broke bread these four and twenty hours. 1813 Ld. Byron Bride Abydos ii. xvi. 271 Within thy Father's house are foes; Not all who break his bread are true. 1878 H. Smart Play or Pay i The sole stranger that has broken bread with the ——th Hussars this evening. 1917 B.E.F. Times 8 Sept. in Wipers Times (2006) 225/2 He despatched a messenger..bearing his greetings and asking that she should break bread with him. 2006 Philos. Now Feb. 22/2 If only we could all be given an opportunity to sit down and break bread with people of different cultures. b. In Christian contexts: to break the sacramental bread or host in the Eucharist, in commemoration of Jesus breaking bread for his disciples at the Last Supper; to administer or partake of this. Also in to break the bread of life (cf. bread of life n.). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > administration of communion > perform communion [phrase] to give a person his or her Savioura1425 to break the bread of life1583 society > faith > worship > parts of service > canon > [verb (intransitive)] > break bread to break bread1696 1547 J. Hooper Answer Detection Deuyls Sophistrye sig. N Christ commaundyd this ceremonie to break the bread among the hole congregacion... This ceremony is godly and thus dooth the scripture permit to interpretat the doing of the supper, and not to breake the bread secreatly..as they do in the masse. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. K6v To breake the bread of life to their charges. 1696 B. Keach Light broke forth in Wales x. 132 We read but of two or three Churches who broke Bread, or celebrated the Lord's-Supper. 1718 T. Brett Divine Right of Episcopacy 100 Any Man can break Bread and distribute wine, and say, the Body of our Lord Jesus Christ, &c. 1886 Hants. Advertiser 25 Sept. 3/5 The Bishop broke the bread, poured wine into the chalice and mixed it with water, and said the prayer of consecration. 1999 K. Jarrett in D. Longenecker Path to Rome 193 The Brethren met on Sunday mornings to ‘break bread’ and to remember Jesus as he commanded. P2. Noun phrases with and.See also bread and butter n., bread and cheese n., bread and water at water n. Phrases 3a(a). a. bread and circuses n. food and entertainment provided for the public by a government, ruler, etc., esp. in order to keep people happy and docile. [After classical Latin panem et circenses (Juvenal Satires 10. 80: Duas tantum res anxius optat, Panem et circenses ‘they anxiously desire only two things, bread and circuses’.)] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [noun] > source of amusement or entertainment > offered to the public panem et circenses1787 offering1820 bread and circuses1872 1872 Harper's Bazar 13 Apr. 258/4 The government of this country has not got to giving us ‘bread and circuses’ yet. 1924 R. Kipling Debits & Credits (1926) 217 Rome has always debauched her loved Provincia with bread and circuses. 2007 Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City) (Nexis) 21 Oct. 20 a Congress..has gone into the business of bread and circuses. b. bread and milk n. (a) bread soaked in hot milk, considered as a plain or readily digestible meal suitable for children, convalescent people, etc., or else used as a poultice (cf. milk poultice n.) (now chiefly historical); (b) the cuckooflower, Cardamine pratensis (now chiefly in lists of alternative names for the plant). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > bread dish > [noun] > sops brewisc1440 pain perdua1450 bread and milk1549 sugar-sops1581 Poor Knights1659 breadberry1715 milk toast1840 sop1845 kettle-broth1880 slinger1882 1549 in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 712/1 Lett him haue a toste and butter, or bread and milk, & that is more meete for him than to make lawes or statutes. 1785 R. Bromfield in Med. Communications 2 24 A bread and milk poultice. 1817 J. Thacher Amer. Mod. Pract. ii. ii. 261 Their diet [sc. children with chicken pox]..should consist chiefly of broth, light puddings, and bread and milk. 1858 C. C. Wilkinson Weeds & Wild Flowers 131 ‘Bread and milk’, like all its congeners, all the Crucīferæ, is also a pre-eminently useful herb. 1920 W. E. Brenchley Weeds of Farm Land xiii. 210 Cardamine pratensis,..bread-and-milk,..cuckoo-flower,..lady's smock. 2015 T. Hart Health in City iii. 103 The Lincoln Day Nursery cared for children from infancy through the age of two and fed them bread and milk twice daily. c. bread and roses n. food and beauty, considered as fundamental human rights; used to express the belief that everyone should have access not only to basic sustenance, but also to the finer things in life, such as education, art, literature, etc. [Probably after bread and circuses n.] The phrase was adapted from a slogan in the fight for women's rights (see quot. 19111), which inspired James Oppenheim's poem (quot. 19112). It was further popularized by the so-called Bread and Roses Strike, the textile strike which took place in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in January–March 1912, and which became associated with workers' rights to roses (beauty) as well as bread (sustenance). ΚΠ 1911 H. Todd in Amer. Mag. Sept. 619/2 No words can better express the soul of the woman's movement..‘Bread for all, and Roses too.’] 1911 J. Oppenheim Bread & Roses in Amer. Mag. Dec. 214 As we come marching, marching, we bring the Greater Days—The rising of the women means the rising of the race..A sharing of life's glories: Bread and Roses, Bread and Roses. 1920 Proc. National Conf. Social Work, 46th Ann. Session, Atlantic City, 1919 432 We..want to..build up things so they shall be better for all. We are marching forward to the time when everybody shall have bread and roses. 1981 Hist. Workshop Spring 189/1 We heard a remarkable extemporaneous speech on the ‘Bread and Roses’ strike by one of the leading participants. Angelo Rocco, a 94 year old Italian immigrant. 2011 Irish Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. 3 If Liberty Hall, Ireland's first skyscraper and its theatre, the physical manifestation of labour's enduring commitment to bread and roses, does not constitute a building of cultural interest, then none does. d. bread and salt n. now somewhat rare used in various expressions with reference to the custom of using bread and salt to solemnize an oath, affirmation, etc. to take bread and salt: to take an oath, to swear. by bread and salt: used as an oath. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (intransitive)] > swear or take an oath sweara900 sacrec1380 oathc1450 bread and salt1575 to take one's davy1764 buff1819 the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene loOE spi?c1225 how mischance——?c1330 with mischance!c1330 by my hoodc1374 by my sheath1532 by the mouse-foot1550 what the (also a) goodyear1570 bread and salt1575 by Jove1575 in (good) truly1576 by these hilts1598 by the Lord Harry1693 by the pody cody1693 by jingo!1694 splutter1707 by jing!1786 I snore1790 declare1811 by the hokey1825 shiver my timbers1834 by the (great) horn spoon1842 upon my Sam1879 for goodness' sake1885 yerra1892 for the love of Mike1896 by the hokey fiddle1922 knickers1971 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Eii No other wight, saue she, by bred & salt. 1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore v. ii. 57 He tooke bread and salt..that he would neuer open his lips. 1778 T. Nugent Grand Tour (ed. 3) II. 86 The custom..of swearing new comers by bread and salt..is said to have begun here. 1866 J. G. Edgar Runnymede xliv. 250 ‘By bread and salt!’ exclaimed he, regaining his courage; ‘they are gone—vanished.’ 1890 R. Kipling in Eclectic Mag. Jan. 138 They have taken the oath of the Brother-in-Blood on leavened bread and salt. 1965 C. Duff Mysterious People v. 117 Words spoken by the bride and groom and repeated by the officiating chief, followed by an additional symbolical pledge such as the rite of bread and salt. e. bread and wine n. spec. bread and wine used as the elements in the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > [noun] houseleOE bread and winea1225 sacrament?c1225 sacringc1290 spicec1425 kind?1531 Eucharistc1540 element1556 species1579 elemental1656 mystery1662 symbol1671 waybread1993 a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 51 Notieð ðat ȝe isieð, bread and win wiðuten..þat is, Cristes flasch and his blod! 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. *.viv Ye propir mater..of this haly sacrament, quhilk is breid and wyne. 1886 J. Morley Crit. Misc. I. 298 He was willing to continue the [Communion] service..on condition that he should not himself partake of the bread and wine. 2000 L. McTaggart Being Catholic Today vii. 57 The bread and wine retain the appearance of bread and wine, while changing in substance to the Body and Blood of Christ. P3. Noun phrases with of. a. bread of affliction n. bread of poor quality or insufficient quantity; also figurative and in figurative contexts.With allusion to Deuteronomy 16:3 (see quot. a1425) or 1 Kings 22:27. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > food gained by affliction bread of afflictiona1425 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > low-quality bread pig breadOE swainloaf1358 bread of afflictiona1425 bread of trete1607 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xvi. 3 Thou schalt not ete ther ynne breed diȝt with sourdouȝ; in seuene daies thou schalt ete breed of affliccioun [E.V. a1382 Bodl. 959 breed of greet traueil; L. adflictionis panem], with out sourdouȝ. 1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxx. 235 So shall you in the end receaue..in steed of the bread of affliction the heauenly Manna, and the bread of life from the table of God & Christ. 1654 J. Allington Grand Conspiracy Members against Mind 138 They fed him with nothing but reproach, scorn, and the bread of affliction. 1817 B. Hofland Son of Genius (new ed.) ix. 171 Many helpless young people..languish in poverty, and eat the bitter bread of affliction moistened by their tears. 1990 W. Moskoff (title) The bread of affliction: the food supply in the USSR during World War II. b. bread of idleness n. bread or food that has not been earned or worked for; also figurative and in figurative contexts; cf. idle bread at idle adj. 4c.With allusion to Proverbs 31:27 (see quot. 1611). [In quot. 1611 directly translating Hebrew leḥem ʿaṣlūṯ (Proverbs 31:27; < leḥem bread + ʿaṣlūṯ sluggishness).] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > food not worked for bread of idleness1580 1542 Glasse for Housholders sig. giii I wold you had no mo seruauntes in your house, then ye maye kepe occupied, and yt none eat their bread in ydelnes, but that they haue labour with meate, and meate with laboure.] 1580 M. Outred tr. M. Cope Godly & Learned Expos. Prouerbes Solomon (xxxi. 27) f. 636v She considereth the wayes of her housholde, and eateth not the bread of ydlenesse. 1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxxi. 27 She..eateth not the bread of idleness [a1382 Wyclif idil bred; 1535 Coverdale bred with ydilnes] . View more context for this quotation 1715 J. Acres Glad Tidings Great Brit. 24 You shall always have the Poor with you, as we read in the Gospel. But surely..a Way may be found, that not so many of them should eat the Bread of Idleness. 1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster I. xi. 140 You cannot..eat the bread of idleness on board of a man-of-war. 2009 @nicholasamoore 3 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 18 June 2019) I am eating the bread of idleness, not very virtuous. c. bread of life n. (in Christian contexts) (a) (a name for) Jesus Christ; (b) the sacramental bread or host in the Eucharist; (c) a source of spiritual nourishment, esp. that of Christian faith.With allusion to John 6:35 (see quot. c1384). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 115 Þat bred of hele & of lif, ihesu crist þe hende. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John vi. 35 Sothly Jhesu seide to hem, I am breed of lyf [L. panis vitae]. ?1543 M. Coverdale Christen Exhortacion f. 4v From thence [sc. from the word of God] shuld we fetch..the breade of lyfe. 1614 J. Norden Load-starre to Spirituall Life ix. 75 Men that are wise in Christ..feede on the heauenly Manna, Angels bread, the bread of life. 1701 G. Stanhope tr. St. Augustine Pious Breathings 257 Thou art the Bread of Life, every day eaten, yet still whole and never consumed. 1896 R. A. Torrey How to study Bible v. 83 Was it accidential [sic] that Bethlehem, the name of the place where the Bread of Life was born, means ‘House of bread’? 1918 Ogden (Utah) Standard 4 Mar. 5/1 To a man love is merely the icing on the cake of life, but to a woman love is the bread of life, and she starves and perishes without it. 2015 Daily Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 3 Aug. Attending the first service means making sacrifices. We do not take breakfast. We prefer to first devour the bread of life. d. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > religious oaths (referring to God) > other religious oaths by bread of wheata1450 matins?1577 society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 a1450 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1935) 218 (MED) The eldest dowter swor be bred of qwete: ‘I haue leuere beggyn myn mete.’ P4. In various proverbial and idiomatic phrases. a. man cannot live by bread alone and variants: people have spiritual as well as physical needs; one cannot be completely satisfied or fulfilled by concentrating only on meeting one simple need. Hence in allusive expressions, as to live by bread alone.With allusion to Deuteronomy 8:3 or Matthew 4:4. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iv. 4 A man lyueth not in breed aloon [a1425 L.V. oonli; L. non in pane solo vivet homo]. 1611 Bible (King James) Matt. iv. 4 Man shall not liue by bread alone. a1770 G. Whitefield Eighteen Serm. (1771) viii. 201 Let it not be said that believers in London live on bread alone, but may they be continuing to lay up treasure in heaven! 1885 Good Words 26 477/2 To regard man as living by bread alone is an animal view of existence, making bodily comfort and satisfaction a supreme object. 1976 J. W. Fowler Stages of Faith (1995) i. 4 We do not live by bread alone, sex alone, success alone, and certainly not by instinct alone. We require meaning. 2012 Northern Echo (Nexis) 24 Jan. We do not live by bread alone. A nation is more than its economic system, and a people counts for more than gross domestic product. b. to cast one's bread upon the waters and variants: to do something kind or good without being motivated by any potential reward or benefit to oneself.With allusion to Ecclesiastes 11:1 (see quot. a1382). ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. xi. 1 Send thi bred vp on men passende watris [a1425 L.V. Sende thi breed on watris passynge forth; 1535 Coverdale Sende thy vytayles ouer the waters; 1611 King James Cast thy bread upon the waters], for after manye times thou shalt finden it.] 1607 R. Wakeman Poore-mans Preacher ii. 53 Think not much to cast your bread vpon the water; to distribute your almes vnto the poore.., for by this losse commeth great gaine. 1741 J. Wilford Memorials & Characters 470 As she was very charitable to her poor Neighbours.., so she would often cast her Bread upon the Waters, not so much as looking after it which Way it swom. 1879 M. M. Mann Life's Contrasts xv. 223 ‘Would it ever come?’ thought poor Rhoda: but she continued to cast her bread upon the waters, well content if she might find it even after many days. 1904 Financial Times 9 Feb. 4/3 Instead of asking the public to sing ‘From Greenland's Icy Mountains’ and put money in the offertory bag, it is requested to cast its bread upon the waters by filling up a share application form and sending it on to the Bank accompanied by a cheque. 2018 Daily Disp. (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 5 June She cast her bread on the waters over and over again, when all she could expect in return was danger and fear. c. to take the bread out of a person's mouth and variants: to take away a person's livelihood; (also occasionally) to take from a person what he or she is on the very point of enjoying. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [verb (intransitive)] > deprive of livelihood or that about to be enjoyed to take the bread out of a person's mouth1653 1653 R. Baxter Worcester-shire Petition 8 I must live with the grievance and repinings of others, as if I took the bread from their mouthes! 1674 C. Reynell True Eng. Interest 34 They..take the Bread out of our mouths by supplying Barbados..with the same Commodities as we do. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 80 It's barbarous..to have the Bread thus pick'd from our Mouths by little Tom Estenors. 1881 Lancet 15 Oct. 687/2 No one can object to working hard for charity's sake, but it is difficult to see why medical men should be expected deliberately to take bread out of their own and their brothers' mouths. 1913 Industr. Engin. May 197/3 The new-born industry..was bound to deprive numerous people of their work, snatch the bread from the mouths of all the carters and stage drivers. 2011 Times (Nexis) 9 Nov. 50 It is going too far when you take someone's living away from them for a minor infringement... You are taking the bread out of his mouth. d. one's bread is baked: see bake v. Phrases 1. to have one's bread buttered on both sides, etc.: see butter v. Phrases 2b. the best thing since sliced bread: see sliced adj. 1b. P5. †full of bread: fed well or to excess; (hence) gluttonous; devoted to the pursuit of physical pleasures or the gratification of the senses. Now rare.With allusion to Ezekiel 16:49: ‘This was the iniquitie of thy sister Sodom; Pride, fulnesse of bread, and aboundance of idlenesse was in her and in her daughters.’ ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [adjective] > fed or nourished > filled with food fullOE full-feedinga1382 repletea1400 satiate1440 full-fed?1530 full of bread?1570 strut1577 full-mouthed1610 crop-full1645 ?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. sig. F.vi The Moores are a vaine people, the Phrygians fearefull,..the Sodomits full of bread. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iii. 80 A tooke my father grosly full of bread . View more context for this quotation 1826 Q. Rev. 33 356 She was full of bread, in the prime and lustihood of youth. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! II. ii. 61 He being idle..and also full of bread, (for Sir Richard kept a very good table,) had already looked round..after some one with whom to fall in love. 1933 Concord (Mass.) Enterprise 22 Mar. 4/6 The land prospered and everyone was full of bread. P6. regional (in later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern)). in bad bread: in a bad state, in difficulties; in disfavour with a person. Similarly in good bread: in favourable circumstances. Sc. National Dict. (at Breed) records this phrase as still in use in Orkney and north-eastern Scotland in 1975. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > in prosperous condition [phrase] > in easy circumstances to have one's bread buttered on both sides1678 in good bread1743 on velvet1749 the world > action or operation > difficulty > [phrase] > in a difficult position > in straits waterOE straitly steadc1400 need-stead?c1450 at the worst hand1490 in suds1575 lock1598 at a bad hand1640 in a wood1659 in bad bread1743 up a stump1829 in a tight (also awkward, bad, etc.) spot1851 up shit creek1868 in the cart1889 in the soup1889 out on a limb1897 in a spot1929 up the creek1941 consommé1957 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > disfavouring [phrase] > out of favour out of a person's books1509 in bad bread1743 in (also into) a person's bad books1832 in the doghouse1926 1743 Exam. & Depositions in Votes & Proc. of House of Representatives Pennsylvania App. 98 Brothers, you'd better go on board your Ships, or you'll be in bad Bread before Night. 1751 J. Taylor Ordinary of Newgate's Acct. 23 Oct. 124/1 She served seven Years to this Business, and work'd Journey-work many Years more..and was in good Bread. 1778 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1907) XLIII. 11 Old England I beleve is got into Bad Bread. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) To be in bad bread, to be in a dilemma, or in an evil taking. 1881 J. Sargisson Joe Scoap's Jurneh 139 That's hoo he gat inteh sec bad bread with t'maister. 1924 A. W. Moore Vocab. Anglo-Manx Dial. 9 Bad bread, disfavour (also Cumberland):—We got in bad bread with them. < as lemmas |
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